UNIT 9 GRAMMAR : CONDITIONAL TYPE III

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2BACSMA / 2BACSMB1 / 2BACSMB2/2BACAA

UNIT 9 FUNCTIONS : EXPRESSING CERTAINTY AND UNCERTAINTY

*CERTAINTY is the state of being sure about something. It’s when you have no doubt about it.

*UNCERTAINTY is the antonym of certainty. It is when you are unsure or doubtful about something.

CERTAINTY UNCERTAINTY

• ….undoubtedly ….

• It is crystal clear …

• No one can deny …

• … will not be / won’t be …

• I’m absolutely sure / certain …

• … certainly …

• … must …

• Yes , definitely. * No , definitely not.

• Yes , certainly. * No , certainly not.

• Yes , of course . * No , absolutely not.

• Surely .

• I doubt / think / guess …

• … may / can + verb

• … probably …

• It’s possible …

• I’m not really sure .

• It’s doubtful .

• It could happen …

EXAMPLES :

*Future cars will probably use nuclear power .

*I guess computers will replace teachers in a few years time.

*The problem of illiteracy will undoubtedly be solved if drastic measures are taken.

*A : Humans will be able to live on the moon in 25 years.

B : It’s doubtful that it will happen.

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Respond to the following by expressing certainty or uncertainty.

1.Do you think there will be a third world war ?

2. Do you think you will return to Morocco after you finish your studies abroad ?

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UNIT 9 GRAMMAR : CONDITIONAL TYPE III

Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just

imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.

EXAMPLE :

If he had stayed at home , he would not have caught the virus.

(the reality is that he didn’t stay at home, so he caught the virus.)

FORM:

If clause : main clause :

[If + past perfect ]

,

[ would /could/might + have + past participle ]

Or :

[would /could/ might + have + past participle ] + [ if + past perfect ] EXAMPLE :

I could have contacted him if I had kown his address.

REMEMBER :

Instead of if not we can use unless . EXAMPLE :

She would have come with us if she hadn't been so ill.

She would have come with us unless she had been so ill.

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EXERCISE :

Rewrite the following sentences beginning with the words given.

1.Brahim drank too much coffee ; so he didn’t sleep comfortably .

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If ……… , ……….. . 2.I knew about the tragedy because I listened to the news .

Unless ………. , ………. . 3.She didn’t get the loan consequently she didn’t set up her business .

……….. if ………. . 4.Ali dropped out of school because his parents were too poor .

If ……….. , ……….. . 5.We didn’t have enough room in our house . We couldn’t accommodate her . If ……… , ……… . 6.I didn’t have more time , I couldn’t finish the project .

……… if ………. . 7.He didn’t make the shot , the team didn’t win the game .

If ……… , ……….……….. . 8.You didn’t take her advice , that’s why you were in a difficult situation .

If ……….. , ………. .

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LANGUAGE EXECICES : 2BACAA /2BSMAF/2BSMB1/2BSMB2

A. Rewrite the sentences beginning with the words given .

1. “Let’s start the test immediately” Leila said

She suggested ______________________________________________________

2. Someone ought to help us.

We________________________________________

3. “Don’t panic”.

The teacher told us____________________________________________

4. “I am sorry, but I can't help you”

I wish ___________________________________________________________

5. I didn’t revise my lessons; that’s why, I panicked.

If ______________________

6. They don’t study well although they are very intelligent.

In spite of ______________________________________________________________________

B. Choose the right answer .

1. Be careful about [answer –to answer – answering] ________________________ tricky questions.

2. To be honest, I still enjoy [sleep – to sleep – sleeping] ____________________________outside.

3. John doesn’t know how [receive – to receive – receiving] _________________ the satellite signals.

4. What should I [know – to know – knowing] _________________________about “Modal Verbs”?

C. Put the verbs between brackets in the correct tense or form .

1. By the time she gets back home, her kids (sleep) ________________________________enough.

2. Before the bus arrived, they (prepare) ______________________________the packages already.

D. Join the following pairs of sentences with the words given .

1. Malika set the alarm clock. She didn’t want to sleep more than 6 hours. (so as to)

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. My cat is cute, and it is intelligent. (along with)

__________________________________________________________________________________

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E. Choose the right answer .

1. (Due to, As, However) ________________________he was late for school; Ali had to take a taxi.

2. They don’t get good marks (despite, although, moreover) __________________ they work hard.

F. Put the words between brackets in the correct form

.

1. We should always encourage (innovation) ____________________________________students.

2. Most young people love (adventurous) ___________________________________

G. Match the letters with the numbers to make collocations .

1. Problem a. alleviation 1. ________________

2. Renewable b. solving 2. ________________

3. Critical c. thinking 3. ________________

4. Poverty d. energies 4. ________________

H. Match each sentence with its appropriate function [write the letters between the brackets

]

a. responding to bad news b. advice

c. certainty

d. asking for clarification e. complaint

1. No doubt education has improved women’s social and economic conditions . [……….]

2. May I interrupt? What was that again?! [………]

3. I’m sorry to hear such a terrible thing. [ ………]

4. Enough is enough! [………..]

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