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Demographic history of Abies alba Mill. in the French Pyrenees

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HAL Id: hal-01925639

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01925639

Submitted on 4 Jun 2020

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Demographic history of Abies alba Mill. in the French Pyrenees

Bruno Fady, Thomas Boivin, Brigitte Musch, Ivan Scotti, Marie Suez, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne

To cite this version:

Bruno Fady, Thomas Boivin, Brigitte Musch, Ivan Scotti, Marie Suez, et al.. Demographic history of Abies alba Mill. in the French Pyrenees. Conférence Vulpes Rabat, Oct 2018, Rabat, Morocco. �hal-01925639�

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Bruno Fady, Thomas Boivin, Brigitte Musch, Ivan Scotti, Marie Suez, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne

“Past plant diversity changes” international conference, Rabat, Morocco, October 1-5, 2018

Demographic history

of Abies alba Mill. in

the French Pyrenees

Thanks for lab work: Anne Roig and Matthieu Lingrand

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Likowiec et al., 2016

Likowiec et al., 2016 (Poland), Gomory et al., 2004 (Eastern Europe), Liepelt et al., 2009 (Europe), Sancho-Knapik et al., 2014 (Spain), Belletti et al., 2017 (Italy), Piotti et al., 2017 (Italy)

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Abies alba in the Pyrenees: a more complex genetic structure than imagined?

(preliminary study while addressing genetic resource conservation issues)

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Abies alba in the French Pyrenees:

three geomorphological and climate zones

Blue = Abies alba presence

Green = forest region zoning limits

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Sampling design along ecological zones

52 forests

1655 individuals

10 nSSR (Cremer et al. 2006, Hansen et al., 2005)

3 cpSSR (Liepelt et al. 2001, Vendramin & Ziegenhagen, 1997)

Central Massif : 4 sites x 30 samples Southern Alps : 3 sites x 30 samples Corsica : 1 sites x 30 samples

Pyrenees : 44 natural forests x 30 samples

Massif

Central Southern Alps Pyrenees

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A longitudinal pattern of decreasing genetic diversity (west -> east): migration / local drift?

Cp SSR Nuclear SSR Eastern Pyrenees Western Pyrenees Central Pyrenees Massif Central Corsica Southern Alps Eastern Pyrenees Western Pyrenees Central Pyrenees Massif Central Corsica Southern Alps

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Genetic diversity, climate and the environment

Only three environmental and climate (WorldClim) variables (among 83 tested) have significant effects on genetic diversity (9 indicators)

Results based on 500 bootstrapping of conditional inference trees (ctree partykit R package;).

Methods: Conditional inference tree (see Hothorn et al. 2006 and Philipp et al. 2016), R packages: ctree (partykit) and stabletree (stablelearner) Strobl et al., 2008

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Genetic Diversity = f (Environmental variables)

Longitude

Testing environmental and habitat effects on demography and genetic diversity

Number of alleles at

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Two main genetic clusters and admixture in A. alba of the Pyrenees

Fst Cluster Cluster Cluster 0.08

Cluster 0.13 0.11

Central Pyrenees East

West East Massif Central Alps / Corsica Spatial autocorrelation (Fst, 10 distance classes across the Pyrenees)

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Which demographic scenario best explains the genetic data?

DIYABC 2.1.0 Cornuet et al. (2014)

PYR-West ALPS PYR-West PYR-West PYR-West PYR-Center PYR-Center PYR-Center PYR-Center PYR-East PYR-East PYR-East ALPS ALPS ALPS PYR-East

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S1 S2 S3 S4

• Alps – Pyrenees split: >24 K generations ago (~1,2 million years BP) • East and West Pyrenees split and admixture: 19-22K generations ago

(between 0.9 and 1.1 million years BP)

• Most recent resizing: >13K generations ago (~650 000 years BP)

*50 years for one generation

Small differences

But S2is the best PYR_east PYR_center PYR_west ALPS

The genetic structure of Abies alba was shaped during the mid Quaternary in the Pyrenees

S2 : Two splits + one admixture + resizing events

Event Where ? When ? generatio ns When ? millions years* Split Alps/Pyr 24253 1.2 Split Pyr w /Pyr e 21909 1.09 merge Pyr w /Pyr e 19936 0.99 Resizing Pyr W 14434 0.72 Resizing Alps 13931 0.69 Resizing Pyr E 13707 0.68 Logistic regression

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WEST EAST Alps

Ratio of present-to-past theta :

correctly represents ratios of effective population sizes. if

constant mutation rates over time (μ 0 = μ 1 ) r 0 =θ 0 /θ 1 = N 0 μ 0 /N 1 μ 1 = N 0 /N 1

(see Barthe et al., 2017)

Prior posterior

Demographic signatures of resizing events differ among regions

Contraction Expansion 0

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Pays Basque PYR_ east PYR_ west PYR_ center ALPS Alps -Pyrenees split East – West Pyrenees split and admixture Most recent population resizing

The genetic structure of Abies alba in the Pyrenees results from mid-Quaternary events

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Next steps : Sampling the southern, Spanish side of the Pyrenees

80 polymorphic SNPs

(Roschanski et al. 2013, Brousseau et al. 2016, Roschanski et al. 2016) INRA, Autonomous University of Barcelona, In collaboration CSIC Zaragoza

Genomic -Transcriptomic platform of Bordeaux, Sequenom analysis

Support for scenario 2 from preliminary test using 80 SNPs

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Trees move !

If we let them move…

(In situ conservation within heterogeneous landscapes)

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Mediterranean and mountains = hotspot of geomorphological and habitat heterogeneity (= micro-climate and habitat suitability)

 no need to run fast to remain in the same habitat when climate changes

 likely candidate for many altitudinal refugia (meta-population dynamics for many species)

(Loarie et al,

Nature 2009)

Revisiting climate change velocity in terms of refugia

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Revisiting climate change velocity in the Mediterranean

Some expectations (depending on ecological requirements) for testing: - Low-elevation = drift or extinction during long cold episodes

- Mid-elevation = admixture during cold episodes

- High-elevation = long term patterns of differentiation + drift (e.g. Abies sp)

Fady & Conord (Div. & Distrib.) 2010, Conord et al. (Ecol Evol) 2012

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Master Yoda (1980), Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back, 20th Century Fox

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Use the past to draw inferences for the future?

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