THE LATINITY OF NIGEL DE LONGCHANII' S
The following Grammatical notes and Glossary are take n from the works of Nigel de Longchamps (usually known as Wireker or Wetekre), who wrote at Canterbury towards the en d of the 12
th
century . The references are as follows :B = BURNELLUS, or Speculum Stultorum, a poem of 3900 line s (the numeration is according to the edition which I hop e soon to publish), written in Latin elegiac couplets ; th e most recent edition is that in the Rolls Series 59, Anglo
-Latin Satirical Poets and Epigrammatists of the Twelft h Century, edited by THOMAS WRIGHT, vol . I, pp . I1-145
Ep . = E
- pistola ad Willelmum, a letter in prose addressed to th e
Chancellor, William de Longchamps, to be found in th e same volume, pp . 3-Io, which are the pages referred to here . Tr . = Tractatus contra Curiales, a prose treatise addressed to th e
same ; in the same volume, pp . 153-230 . Tr . V . _ Verses preceding this treatise ; ib . pp . 1 4 6- 1 53 .
Misc . = Miscellaneous Poems of Nigel (unpublished and to be foun d only in MS . Cotton Vesp . D, xlx, foil . 1-4) .
M . Miracula B . V . M ., seventeen poems in Latin elegiacs, ib .
foil . 5-24 .
L . = Passio S . Laurencii, a poem in 2345 rhyming hexameters, ib . foil . 28-45 .
P . = Vita Pauli, a poem of 747 rhyming hexameters, ib . foil . 45-5 1 , published by A . Boutemy in Revue Beige de
Phi-lologie et d'Histoire, t . X, No 4-1931 .
M.L .W . = Medieval Word List, BAXTER AND JOHNSON, 1934 . Th .L.L . = Thesaurus Linguae Latinae .
R . = RÖNSCH, Itala and Vulgata, end Edn. 18 75 . Dr . = DRAEGER, Historical Grammar, 1878-81 .
S-H . = STOLZ-SCHMALZ-HOFFMANN, Lateinische Grammatik, 1928 . Beitr . = LÖFSTEDT, Beitrage zur Kenntnis der spdteren Latinität, 1907. Sp . St . = L
- ÖFSTEDT, Spätlateinische Studien, 1908 .
Komm . -LÖFSTEDT, Philologischer Kommentar zur Peregrinatio Aethe-riae, 1911 .
Syn . = LÖFSTEDT, Syntactica, 1928 .
Verm .St,= LÖFSTEDT, Vermischte Studien, 1936 (largely superseding hi s Spätlateinische Studien) .
6
Grammatical Notes .
Nigel's grammar contains a number of uses which are no t found in Classical Latin, while they may appear in Late Latin authors, whether pagan or Christian, or in the Latin of the Vul-gate . Below will be found such uses as I have collected fro m Nigel's works, together with any others that seemed to be worth recording, and quotations of recent authorities on Late Lati n which give similar uses in the Late period .
(1) Cases . The accusative follows benedicere, B . 1783, 1785 , 1919 (R . 440 ; Komm. 217, but also the dative B . 671 ; it is found after euadere exire B . 961, 1852, 3, 3680 (class . in poetry and post-Aug . prose, Dr . I, 381), fluere B . 2504 balsama larg a fluens cf . uina fluens Claudian, Laud . St . 2 .264, also Syn .
1201 ,
S-H 379.The genitive follows recolere recordari B . 2935, by analogy with memini ; partitive gen . B . 2548 fumus odoris habet (Syn . I 117), possessive B . 303, 1565, also moris erat, class. but usuall y with dat . of person here with gen ., cf . Cit . Verr . I . 66 . 26 negauit moris esse Graecorum (Syn . II, 408) ; here belong two use s B . 1796 uicis est non habuisse uicem, B . 3214 criminis est cri-men imposuisse suo (« it belongs to change, i . e. is a change in the order of things, not to have change », and « it is criminal )) etc .) ; subjective gen . of reflexive pron. for adj . B . 370, 1740, 2274 (Dr . 1471 cf . Ovid. Met . 130) ; respect, B . 3783 loci talis puteus fuit, and laboris after nil proficiens B . 239 ; huiusmodi is used adjectivally withoutsubst .in the Tractatus (e . g . p . 163) . The dative is found after abesse, B . 3746 fecit abesse sibi (= he got rid of it), dominaci, B . 1634 (Claudian, in Ruf. 1 . 143) ,
misereri, B . 3050 (Vulg ., Rönsch 413), sinere, B . 3346 teneri , B . 3210 iure tenemureis,3768 quaque (i. e. ea fide qua) tenentur ei . Ablative of place whence B . 1827 carcere producti (Draege r 1516, once in Plaut .), 1878 quern tu salutisti carcere (by analog y of liberare, Dr. I 501), place where B. 2226 exteriore foro, abla-tive absolute agreeing with subj . B. 69 perdidit inuitus, male se
simulante leonem, quod bene siue male credidit esse bonum ,
B. 3559 talia Burnello secum meditante Cremonam intrat (sc .
Burnellus), cf . obi. abs. for participle Rönsch 450 and exx . in
Dr. II 8io .
mediantewith subst . B . 73, 223 etc ., cf . use of
facient ein L . L. (Komm . 167).
(ii)
Prepositions . A, abExpressing instrument (L . L., S .-H.
p. 524) :
A b ef fectuwith redundant prep ., B.
1911semper ab
effec-tu que sit naeffec-tura uel uncle uenerit ostendit, B . 2159, 286o, cf .
also B . 596 exemplis ut docearis ab his,
ab orcioB. 88,
a sonituB. 3235 ; adverbial phrases
a longinquoTr .
p . 170, a similiB.
1i
10,2777, M . 1 .286.
Absque (=
sine) cf . Rönsch 390, S . H. 531, B . 123, 124, 872 ,
936, v . 1 ., 1092 alueus absque uadis etc .
Ad . ad horam (=
for the time, for a while) B . 1775, M. 1.25 ,
55, 4, 33, L . 1083, 1203 (ad horas), 1661,
ad istud opusB.
x002 , ad modicumB. 564 (S-H 497),
ad uotum esseM. 15 . 66 . Cf . to o
si se habet bene
ad oblataTr . p . 178 (« if he is well situated with
respect to »-) .
Cum
with abl. abs. to express instrument, Ep . p. 6 qui cum
aduersitate aliqua superueniente quasi quodarn gelu constricti .
De («Lieblingspräposition der späteren Latinität )), Komm.
103) with partitive use (R . 396) modicum de lacte recenti B. 645 ,
cf. B . 653, 655, 8o6 ; at the hands of, B . 777 ; adverbial phrases
de ceteraTr. pp . 168, 22o, 229, otherwise, for the rest ;
de facil iEp. p. 5 B . 204, 2145, v. 1 ., 3322. 3456, Tr . p. 16o ;
de medi oEp. p. 8 B . 3141 multi de medio fierent (would be got rid of )
L. 2526, M.
II .36, 17 .100 ;
de catione B .1676, 3420 (reasonably ;
modal use, Dr . I. 629) ; cf . also M . 14.28,80 . After confidere
M. 1,114,iurare M . 10 .258.
E, ex. ex facili B .
554, 631, M . 15 ;
e medioB. 1050 ; with
meaning of « as a result of » B . 34.1740 (cf. ex aliena Ep. p . 4) ;
joined with adverbs
econtraM . 10 .169,
extuncB. 2862, M . 1 .304 .
In . in aliquoEp. p . 3,
7 . In causaesse B . 252, 3029 ;
in com-muneplacet B. 3851, M . 15 .145, .16.263, L . 1925 ;
in exemplumhabere B . 1736 ; in with abl. for acc. B. 2757 in manibus
Robe-kini ne me tradideris (cf . Plater and White, Grammar of the
Vulgate, p .
101) ; in haec uerba fuerepreces B . 1628 (Komm .
172 f,) ;
in Dominumnegare M. 10 .259 .
8
Perof motion past B . 8og per eum dum transeo ; per se with possessive (my own, their own) B . 333, 343 (Komm . 336) .
Prae causal without negative verb B . 1862 .
Secus = near by P . 471 palma secus fontem uiret . Tr. p . 168 . Sub .B . 853 sub uno casu, B . 1414 sub momento (Vulg . R . 397) . SuperB . 2665 super his, on these counts, 3427 .
(iii) The following uses of Adverbs seem worth mentioning :
Adhuc = at this time B . 3106 non potes illud adhuc dese-ruisse senex,
Ibi = then, B . 432 (= illo die) ; cf,classical use = thereupon , mostly early Lat . and poetry, also Livy .
Item = iterum, B . 3112 perfidus existi non rediturus item. Modo = now, a regular M . L . use, B . 153, 272 and freq . (for L . L . cf. Komm . 240-4) .
Multum = at most, B . 1591 quod si forte tria uel multum quatuor essent ; cf . ut multum, Juv . 8 .187, Mart . 1o .11 .6 .
Nimis = very much, regular in M . L., B . 656, 741, and freq . Nuper = one day (future), B . 1316 iam nil deerat nisi solus /ordo sacerdotis nuper habendus ei ; cf . nuper mortis hauriet calicem Calixtus (Walter of Chât . ed . Strecker, p . 138) .
Parum =somewhat, a little, B . 674 subridensque parum sic benedixit ei, also B . 1998, 373 0.
Quo = where, B . 1961 hospitium subiere simul quo fess a diurno /membra labore suo nocte dedere thoro, B . 3583, als o relative .
Satis = fairly, quite, a regular use in M . L., B . 1131, 1444, 1832 and freq .
Semel = once upon a time, B . 3575 contigit ergo semel, B. 3590 .
Comparative adverbs are often used as positives ; this is a classical use, somewhat extended, however, in M . L. Instance s in Burnellus are : 84, 240 altius ingemuit, 338 anterius (Lat e Lat . = antea), 219, 224 arctius, 736 citius, 1291, 2476, 7 exterius , 46, 1292 interius, 1856, 3678 longius, 2, 6, 71, 3079 minus (with practically negative effect, cf . M .
1 .
6 Syn . Ip . 279-281) , 293 mitius, 681 saepius, 931 ulterius .(iv) Pronouns . Alter freq . = alius (late Lat. use, cf . S-H. 491 )
Ille, Ipse : weak and interchangeable, partly as in colloquial Lat . (Komm . 64), partly owing to their use in the second hal f of pentameters ; cf. B . 22, 132, 558, 564, 686, etc ., freq . with reflexive, as M . 1, 4, 128, 130, etc .
Nullus : B. 1442 medicina dolori restabat nulla(= nulla alfa) quam remeare domum, cf . Löfstedt, Syn . II, 370 ; nullo dative B . 369 ;
nullatenus . Ep . p . 5 (Late Lat. )
Quamplures, quamplurima : B . 2568, 2933. Quantumque = quantumcumque B . 41 .
Quilibet = every (adj .) B . 732 quilibe't existat uenditor eri s egens, B . 2243 qualibet hebdomada .
Quisquam = quis B . 1139 et si deliret quisquam (Late Lat .) Quique = omnes B . 352, 2315, M. 4. 44, 8.
1z,
L . 1115, 1200 . Quod = quid in Or . Obl . L. 1991 ; whereas, with regard to which, B . 2 515.Se, Suus as demonstrative, very freq ., B . 36, 84, 123, 140, etc. Reflexive and demonstrative together B . 2650, 2940, M .
1 .
177 . Possessive pronouns used for possessive adjectives and vice -versa : B . 123, 4, 1740 etc. (Rönsch 418) .The relative pronoun is frequently used to introduce the sen-tence (B . 2 0 97, 235 1, 2577 etc.) . In 2015 quoque seems to mean « And — a thing by which » etc . or « And by this » etc., as 309 8 where « quodque » practically = et hoc . In all these the relative is used as though it were a demonstrative .
(v) Syntax of the Verb . Indicative Mood freq . after verbs of saying, knowing etc ., already found in Late Lat ., where however the subjunctive is still predominant (Komm. 117-9) ; here both are found, the Indic . more frequent, B . 205 an nescis quid con-tigit, 579, 583 discite quam prope sit . . . discite quam nichil est, cf . 744, 1116 (v . 1 . in both passages) and the passage 1 234-1248 . Indic . and subj . after insinuo, L . 1771, attendere quam strenue with indic . Tr . p . 226 . (Rönsch 428, 9, 481) .
Infinitive Mood. (a) As a substantive B . 175, 6 cuius idem posse quod uelle nec hoc minus illo, qui solus cunctis contulit esse suum, cf . 1882 si tibi uelle foret, M . 15 . 110, 16 . 208, P . 323 pro uelle ; found in class. poetry, prob . shows influence of collo-quial Lat ., as in Persius, Martial and Petronius (S .-H . 577) .
lo
(b) Omission of subject of infin ., B . 1612 malleolis uix Auto (me) posse mori, cf. 975 (after f acere), 1142, 2847, 2852, M . 14 . 175, L . 868, 1014 (colloquial use found in Class . and Late Lat . , S-H. 592 . )
(c) Infin . after certain verbs : dare B . 764, 1124, 1888 etc . , M . 6 . 6o (class . poetry, Dr . II 416), facere B. 409, 844 etc . freq. , M . 1 . 29, 5 . 32 (rare in class . Lat ., Dr . 11416), expressing purpose , B . 765 uenistì quaerere, 2054 mittent soluere, so with curr o M . 17 . 241, uado Ep . p . 8, (classical in poetry, also Vulgate , Rönsch 447), after decernere B . 1833 decreuit iniquos in cruc e suspendi, precipere, 3763, edictum proferre, 3847 (Dr . 11 .321) , rogare, B . 1620, M . 1 . 38, 10 . 171, etere L . 720, monere, B . 3383, M . 1 . 286 ; after habere = to have to (Grecism, Rönsch 447-9 S-H 558) . B . 2159 frater ab effectu non solo nomine dici frater habet, M, 14 . 41, 2 soluere defunctos habet hoc ueniamque pre-cari hoc habet (hoc sc . officium), L . 142 siquid habet fieri, 939 uerbere non uerbis habet insipientia frangi, Tr . p . 211 qui gladio materiali habet accingi ; after teneri — to be bound to, M . 15 . 94 soluere quo teneor te quoque teste die, L . 967,
Illo,
Tr . p . 167 , p . 203, B, 711 teneor uitare ; after other verbs used by analogy , disbonere B . 1062 (v. 1.) = parare, B . 2023 hinc ego disposai me tradere religioni, = statui, cf . 3259 hinc est quoti statuo m etr . rel ., B . 1272 cedere presumpsít, = ausus est, cf. 2168 (post
-classical), B . 2026 satagam corripuisse, cf . 2207, 2672, = conari , studere .
(d) after esse, in sense of ato be necessary or possible », 13 . 1700 ut non sit sine re nomen habere rei, 3148 in truce suspensos mane uidere foret, cf . 2555, 2701, 2884, 3715, classical in poetry and later prose, originally a Grecism ; freq . in L . L .
(e) after unde in place of subj ., B . 2716 qui dedit unde sua m cuique leuare famem (Rönsch 430 S-H 721)
Participles : (a) with auxiliary verb (orig . popular Latin , S-H, 6o5), B . 462 quam nimis accelerans in mea dampna fui , 1126 est remanens, 1685 que sunt comitantia mitre. (b) with force of a substantive B . 100 insita, one that is attached, 1439 legens, the reader, 2124 uacans, a lazy man, cfr. 2533, 2768 , 2 976 , 3 0 48 , 37 85 ; for rarity of this in Class . Lat . (except . pres . part . in Plautus and Terence) see S-H 457-8. (c) B . 3345 addi-dit dicens, as in Vulg., e . g . 4. Reg . 4. 5 .
Gerund with force of pres . part . very frequent, B . 534, 537 ,
682 etc . (Rönsch 432-3, Dr. II 847) .
Tenses . (a) Future for Present, fore = esse freq ., B . 1570,
1654, 1894 etc ., M. 1o . 164 . (b) Present for Future after iurare, minari, spondere etc ., M . 3 . 20, Tr. p . 22o, B . 1o28 (Dr . it 397) 2817, 3804. (c) Perfect for Present B . 432, 436, 750, M. 1 . 7 , L. 2018 esp . owing to metrical considerations in perf. infin. (Rönsch . 431) (d) Pluperfect for Perfect B . 3110, 3280, rarely in subj . 3323, 37 01 (Rönsch 432) .
Mixed Sequence . Usually in Conditional sentences, B . 157, 8
si duo monstra iungantur, nonne notandus eris, a constructio n fairly common in post-Augustan Lat . ; in 155, 6 we have imperf . subj . conditional with same meaning . Cf . also B . 20 53, 4 Si m e confero mittent, 2207 Si satagant facerent, 2553, 4 non sufficeret si memorem 2553, ne meditetur abscidit, ut fieret 3505-8 ; cf. also 2 773, 4, 2807-9, M . 13 . 97, 16 . 128 etc., and si placet et ueli t M. 16 . 76 .
Impersonal use of verbs (for popular Lat . see S .-H . 622) : cedere . si male cedat ei B . 716 (Cf . Hor . Sat . 2 .1 .31, 0v . M . 1o .8o) ; cogere, cogit oportet B . 268, M . 3 .41 (Sp . St . 63 Komm . 44) debere, ut decet et debet B. 612, 3359 (Löfst., Vermischte Stu-dien 136), the presence of another word normally so used help s the meaning (S .-H. 622 c.)
pulsari, cum pulsatur ad ollam B . 881 ; remanere, et remanere t adhuc, uthere would be still something over », B . 144 ; uacare, si uacat atque uolunt B . 2246 ; cf . on the other handconstareused personally B . 156o, 3135 (Dr . 1165,II 455) .
Uses of conjunctions (references to B . unless otherwise stated) . ceu with indic. 1533, 1609, 1663, 1675 (post-Aug .., Dr. 11 64o) .
cum
with plup . indic . M . 1 .155, perf. indic. M . 11 .36 ; with subj . after uix M . 4,54 .donee with subj . for indic. 876 nec continuere donee cohi-beret .
dum with subj . for indic . = so long as, 497, 3 13, with perf. indic . 549, 3005, L. 210 ; = while, 3287, 35 12, 3787, M. 1.16, 7 .62 (cf . Rönsch 400) ; dummodo with indic . 61o .
12
licet quamuis 3049 (Syn . u 224) .
ne with subj . after discese 485, 6 (anal . with moneri), cohi-bere (anal . efficere) 1530 ; = ut non (consec .) 2262 ; with pres . subj . prohibition 2827 ne credas (early Lat . rarely class, o r late) .
after dubitare, 2916 dubito ne sit et an sit ita (R . 401) . nec with imperative, 662nectarnen illud erne, with perf . subj . 599 nec tarnen id fieri posse credideris, 789, with pres . subj . (hortative) 1804 nec moueamur in his, cf . 489 . So nil is followed by pres . subj ., 487, cf . M . 10 .277.
'nisi used apparently = non nisi in a few passages, 971 nun-quam uina bibat, nisi cruda legumina gustet, 2097 qui nisi claus-trali multumque diuque labore expertis tribuunt exteriora loca . 3171 hinc nisi uirn passus uenio delatus in aulam .
non = ne with pres . subj . (optative) 725 rusticus aut saccus non inueniatur in urbe, cf . 1633, 4, 1739, 1751 , 1763, (prohibi-tion) 1648 ; popular idiom common in L . L . (S-H 573 .)
numquidinterrogative 8 37, 893, 5, 926, with non 2467, M . 16.182. priusquam and quamquam with subj . in Tr . pp . 1 73, 175 .
quamuis with indic . 669, 2812 (v. 1 .), 3028 (v . 1.) otherwise with subj .
quatenus (spelt quatinus in M . L .) = ut after rogare 3354 = ut final M . 4 .14, after posse M . 16 .182 numquid non poter o quatinus ista luas ? (= nonne potero efficere ut ista luas) cf . S-H 769 .770 .
quia, quoniamwith indic . after verbs of saying, thinking etc . B . 255, 1889, with subj . 3789 (R . 402, Dr. 11 232 . S-H 721 ,
Komm . 116 .121)
quin : usage more or less classical (Dr . ii 627) after phrases implying a negative ; 603 non tarnen id renuo quin possit cres-cere multum, 481 nec mora quin soluat, 1355 nec mora potan-tum potuit noctem remorari /quip non consueta lege ligaret eo s (where non is redundant rather after the Greek fashion cf . Pref . to Tract . 39 ne nichil) . For classical parallels cf . S-H . 786 . For pleonastic use of negative cf . Syn . H . 209 ff .
quo = ut final 1 432, 2195, 2253, P . 386 ; for use in L. L. cf. S-H 787.
588, durare 1 374, (b) with subj . after admirari 1362, asserere 1895 (following acc . infin .), comperto 3693, considerare Ep . p . dare M . 1 .189 quis michi det quod ego feriam, indicare L . 1252 , iurare 2882, 3803, M . 17 .210, nolle 2062, 2551, obliuisci 85o , putare 3206, scire 3511, spondere P . 245, suggerere 1364, (c) = ut with indic . after contigit 1952, 3272, hinc est 3067, 3261, with subj . after accidit 1268, hoc adiecto 3230 (cf . Hor. Ep. 1.10.50 excepto quod Dr . ri 233), contigit 3577, M . 3 .13, erto quod 247 , oportet 1664, afterquamin comparative clause 2570, quid grauius quam quod moriatur homo ? (d) = ut consec . with indic . 197, 574, 1 344, 2176, 2538, 3660, L . 1319, with subj . 618, 1523 (gene-ric), 1 594, 2740, 2904, 3298, 3372, L. 1058. In addition to the above the Tractate has uidere quod with indic . (219), constat quo d with indic . (162), dicere quod with subj .) = monere ut) non dico quod simulationibus sicut quidam solent insistas (213), promit-tere quod with subj . (200), rumor quod with subj . (174), constat quod with subj . in conditional clause (227), quod consec. (175), quod consec . with potential subj . (222, 227) . For quod in early and L . L . see S-H 720-4 ; in M . L . it is a universal conjunction , even = ut final, though not in Nigel .
si with indic . or subj . after verbs of knowing (S-H 697), 62 6 experiemur si ualeant nostre manus, 898, 9 nescio si regula iubet, nescio si uobis liceat, cf. 2198, 2392 (R . 403) . Tr . has uidere si with indic . or subj . (190, 209), and nescio si dignus
(1 9 8) .
sin autem = otherwise, B . 1723 .
uncle with ellipse of verb, 2516 nec uidet unde locum (cf. Syn . II 273) .
usque = until 1180 restat et annorum numerus plurimus, usque patri comparer ipse meo, 3230 muta sit usque queat (= as long as) ; cf . Löfstedt, Verm . Stud . 47-55, Beitr. 27 .
ut with subj . after uelle Ep . p . 7 (S-H 689), decet 200, 340 , satis est 1022 (rare class . Dr . II 272), odiunt 2114, cupere 2158 ,
cogere 2974, tutius 1,uto 2416, iubere 3770 (Dr . ii 238), absit 284, 1697, 1703, ferreM . 1 . 63 uivat ut abiectus . . . qua ratione potest . tulisse ? Omitted after quam 447, 1672 (ante- and post-class . Dr . it 255, 653) . These go beyond uses quoted S-H 763 .
utquid interrogative 1 579, 339 8, Tr. 197, 223 (= Gk . iva Ti
14
utpote introducing causal clause with qui and indic.
16
55 , M . 6 . 13, with participle 2926, and adj . M . 17 . 226 .Gender : in M .
Io .
258 multimodo agrees with pietate, thoug h such compound adjectives are not elsewhere in Nigel of tw o genders only (cf . omnimodam M . 17 . 249) ; in M .13.
67, 85 we findseptena f lore.Greek words provided with Latin terminations, adjectival and verbal, are not uncommon, e . g. : claustrales, monachalis (also
subst .
monachatus), blasphemare, causteriare, calamizare , demonachari, syncopare etc .) . A hybrid form is found in prae-nosticus . Nigel uses contemporary forms such asmultotiens, quam-citius (for spelling see below) .Substantives : demon appears with gen . demonis, B . 3619 , M . 2 . 8o, L . 8o7, with abl . demone, B . 3651, L . 1031, gen . pl. demoniorum, M . 1 . x05, L . 671, abl. pl. demonibus, B . 3 635 , dat, pl . demonibus, M . 1 . 274, dat . pl. demoniis, B . 358 . oeste r for oestrus (pl . in some MSS . oestres), B . 421, 373. uades fem . sing. = uas, surety, M . 15 . 37, xo8 . uespes pl ., B . 532 (cf . Ale-xanderroman des Archipresbyters Leo, xoth cent ., ed . Pfister, Heidelberg, 1913, p . 93, 6 uespium) . For metrical purpose s Nigel contracts uicedominus to uicedomus, M . 1, 17 etc . (coloris abl . pl . M . 8 . 49 ; reading is perhaps corrupt) .
Adjectives : celebris is masc . nom . sing. in B . 1811, M . 13 . 43 (occasionally in post-Augustan prose) . paupera fern . nom. sing . M . 3 . 40, L . 576 . conuena and syncopa used as adjectives from substs . conuena, syncopa (-e), M . 14 . 147, B . 1710, (conuen a neut . pl ., syncopa fern . sing .) .
Verbs : absconses preferred for metrical reasons to abscon-ditus, M . 14 . 16 et al . of frangar, B . 444 (Rönsch 466) . mirares
M . 2 . 32 ; active form is archaic (Pomponius, Varro) and foun d in Inscr. ; iniror passive in Gregory of Tours and Juvencus ; for exchange of active and passive forms cf . Löfstedt, Komm . pp. 215, 6 . odiunt, B . 2113 ; cf. Thiele, Romulus, p . 119 . uanuit , P . 287 ; perf . not in class . or Late Lat . authors .
Vocabulary .
Nigel's vocabulary is that of the Late Latin writers, togethe r with a number of words and uses that belong to medieval times . I have not thought it necessary to list the non-classical word s used, but I have tried to give all those words and uses that ar e not found before the time of Charlemagne, with a few occurrin g only rarely before that time ; I have also listed all the non-Latin words, mostly Greek of course, distinguishing those o f Late Latin or Medieval period . In the second list Greek origin is assumed if no other is given ; a star (*) preceding a word means that it is not found earlier than in Late Latin, while a cross (t) means that the word occurs first in Medieval Latin ; if they follow the word, it is the meaning with which the word is used that is referred to . I have as a rule kept the medieval spelling . In the first list some words are included which are found in Late Latin, but very rarely .
Words not found (or only rarely) before the medieval period , excluding those in List II .
acclaudere, B . 3484
auriculatus, B . 153 (quoted for c . 530 by M . L . W . ) axa, P . 187, 532
calamizare, P . 233 (Th. L . L . quotes gloss, = cum calamis can-tare ) capellanus, Tr . p . 15 8 cardus, L . 977 causari (= cause), M . 16 .13 8 celebrare (eccl .), B . 138 6 centenus (= centenarian), B . 1178
cirolus, B . 654 (see ALMA 1934 Fasc . 2, pp . 256-8) . coegenus, L . 86o
confessor (eccl ., one to whom confessions are made), B . 300 2 conformitas, Tr . p . 210 (Th . L . L . quotes ps .-Rufinus for
mea-ning « likenessD) .
considere, L . 120 6
contreme f acere, M . 14,16 o conuenus, M . 14.147
conuentus (eccl .), B . 2300, 281 6
conuersi (eccl . lay brethren in a monastery .), B . 97 7
cophinellus, B . 2072 (conjectural emendation for pro finellus . ) decanatus, Tr . p. 1 77
de/rustrare, B . 229 (deponent in Plautus, Most . 944)
demonachari, M . 9 .1 8
disparere, B . 3236 (also Cassiodorus and Bede .) duodenus (= twelfth), B . 195 0
ens, L . 1 594
equitatura (= horse and riding equipment), Tr . p . 175 exclusiuus, B . 1 527
1 8
firma (= fixed payment), Tr . p . 21 9 forum (= market price), B . 2632
Flamen (neut ., eccl ., = Holy Spirit), M . 14 .39 (cf . Juvencu s 1 .85 )
gutta (med ., = gout), B . 813, 1638 (see also Th . L. L .) bora (eccl .), M . 16 .122, et al .
inaijectio, Tr . p . 19 3 inuilescere, Tr. p . 22 2
intitulari (always passive), B . 318o (reserve for), B . 3621 (mark by), L. 2172 (entitle to)
irreprobatus, Tr . p . 21 0 laqueamen, L . 119 8
laudes (eccl., = lauds), B . 884
lectio (eccl., = lesson), B . 1439 (cf . Löfstedt, Komm ., p. 206 ) liliare, Misc . 6 .1 9
maiestatiuus, Tr . p . 17 1
mediante, through, by means of (abl . abs .), B . 73, 223 etc . menstruus (= uncertain, changeable, ambiguous) B . 1o17 ,
1711, 2314 meretricalis, M . 9 .2 3
modernus, B . 491, 565 (once in Cassiodorus, Gregory the Great , and Lupus and Euphronius)
monachari, Misc. 3 .15 murmurium, B . 68 4 nona (eccì .), M . 16 .123
officium (eccl .), office of choir, B . 280 4 omen (= fortune, condition), B . 3418
ordo (eccl ., monastic order, rule, and those living under it) , B . 891, 2301, M . 9 .7
origo (= progeny, «id quod oritur »), B . 255 0
pellicia (sc . tunica, shirt of skin) . B . 208g (not subst . before M . L . )
persona, personatus, Tr . p . 169 .172 eccl .
pietas, kindness, benevolence, M . pr . 7, 11 (see Voigt in Glossar y to Ysengrimus .
pontificarti, B . 1699
postor (for « impostor »), L . 93 8 , 945 prebenda (eccl .), Tr . p. 165
preïugulare, B . 278 8
prelatus (eccl .), B . 344o, etc.
presul (eccl .), B . 756, 76o, M . 1 .15, 35, 2.73, 97 etc . primas (eccl .), B . 2631, M . 17.268, Misc . 7.9
prior (eccl .), B . 2237, 2813, Misc . 11 .51, 12 .16, 1 7 prioratus (eccl .), B . 2103
quamcitius, B . 326 1
recordari (= call to a person's mind), B . 368 4 ref ectorium (eccl.), B 226o
regula (eccl ., rule of an order), B . 891, 2060 etc . relatiuum, relationship, B . 345
religio (eccl ., the religious, i. e . monastic life), B . 2023, et freq . religiosus (eccl ., belonging to religious life), B . 2844, 2869, 3064 renere, retrace story, M . 14 .17 1
reparatrix, M. 1 .22 5 resecundare, M . 4 .5 2 sacrista (eccl .), M . 7 .1 9 scaccarius, Tr . p . 202 scapulare (eccl .), B . 213 8 sectus, a cutting, L . 97 8
secularis (eccl .), secular (canon), B . 231 5 sensilis, B . 3164 (elsewhere only Lucretius ) sigillum, seal, B . 64 1
solidus, shilling, fraction of mark, B . 198 3 soror (eccl.), B . 240 7 stirpator (= extirpator), L . 244 subaptare, L . 207 3 subirrepere, L . 119 0 subticescere, B . 141 6 superinstituere, B . 157 0 superpellicia, Tr . p . 18 o timescere, P . 7 1 totalis, L . 266 trilustralis, B . 2214 triumphaliter, Tr . p . 15 8 trottare, B . 206 1 trutannus, = rogue, B . 192 9 vadium, pledge, M . 15 .27
List
It.
*abbas, orig . Chaldean, eccl . , B . 993, etc. *abbatia, eccl., Ep . p . 5 *abbatissa, eccl ., M . 17, 9 aconitum, B . 3061, 3x8 9 aether, poet ., L . 26 aethra, poet . ,M . 3 . 59 agon, P . 71 0 agonizare, Tr . p . 15 5 amomum,B . 52 2 *anathema, eccl ., Tr . p. 19 2 *angelicus, eccl., M . 11 .6 etc . *angelus, eccl ., M . 2 .7o etc .
*antidotum, med ., B . 1474 *antiphrasis, gram ., B . 1646 tapocopare, orig . gram ., B . 8 6 *apostata, eccl ., M . 3 . 1
*apostolicus, eccl ., Tr. p. 18 6
farchileuita, eccl ., L . 21 5
*archiepiscopus, -atus, eccl ., Tr . p . 179, 172 aroma, L . 22 75 archidiaconatus, eccl. Tr. p . 16 3 asthmaticus, med ., B, 319 3 athleta, P . 71 0 balsamum, B . 520, 250 4 *baptisma, eccl ., L . 465, etc.
*baptismus, eccl., M . 15. 175 *baptizare, eccl ., L . 38 o barathrum, B . 2529
*blasphemare, eccl ., L . 91 1 *blasphemia, eccl ., P . 36o *blasphemus, eccl ., M. 1 . 241 *byssus, orig . Hebr ., L . i8io
bursa, B . 2345
bolismus, med . Tr . p . 15 8 *brauium, Tr . p . 155
*canon, eccl ., B . 893, freq . *canonicus, eccl., B . 2257 freq canonizare *, eccl . Tr . V. 247 catasta*, eccl., L . 178 5 *catechizare, eccl ., L . 385 *catechuminus, eccl ., Tr . p . 196 cathedra, M . 4 . 2 6
tcathedralis fcathedrarì eecl . ,
Tr. p . 165
*catholicus, eccl., M . 3 . 3 ., etc . cauterium, Tr . V . 20 3
*cauteriare, orig . med ., B . 171 9 celeuma, P . 53 7 *cenobita, ecel,, M . 8 .
i
*cenobium, eccl ., Tr. p . 18 o chaos, Tr . p . 21 4 chorea, M . pr . 9 chorus, B . 107 8 chorus t, eccl ., B . 1388 *chrisma, eccl., B . 169 2 cirographum, Tr . p . 177fclaustralis, eccl., B . 2100, etc .
*clericus, eccl., M . 7 .2, etc . *cleres, eccl., B . 1725 freq . clibanus, M . 11 .21
clima, B . 6oi cripta, L . 304
demon*, eccl ., B . 3618, etc . *diabolicus, eccl ., Tr . p . 19 9 diadema, Misc . 7 . 8
*diapente, mus .,B . 2082 dieta, med . B . 700
dietat, day's journey, B . 717 dioecesianus, eccl ., Tr. p . 19 2 dioecesis*, eccl ., Tr . p . 22 2
dogma, eccl. et med ., B . 107, M . 3 . 3
drachma,
B.
647tdrinkheil, A-S, . B . 152 1 duploma, B . 627
ecclesia*, eccl ., B . 979 freq . ecclesiasticus, ecel ., Tr . p . 162 eclipsis, B . 1707
*eleemosina, eccl ., Tr. p . 207 episcopus *, episcopatus, eccl . ,
Tr. pp . 17o, 17 8 ethnicus, Tr. p . 15 8
*evangelicus, eecl ., Tr . p . 16 8 exennia, see xennia, Tr . p . 167 *gramma, B . 59 2
grammaticus, M. 14 .1 2 *hebdomada,
B.
224 3 ther, Anglo-Sax ., B . 2136 *heremita, eccl ., M . 17 .157 *heremus, eccl ., M . 17 . 237, etc . historia, B . 13 horizon, B . 340 0 hydropisis, med ., Tr. p . 15 8 *hyminea, M . 16 .115 (n . pl . adj . ) *hypocrisisB . 243 4 hypocrita, Tr . p . 196 *idioma, gram ., B . 6 73 idiota, Tr. p . 22 2 *idolatria, Tr., p . 19 1 tidolatricus, Tr . p . 19 3 idolum*, eccl ., L . 81 3*iubeleum, orig . Hebr ., P . 52 6 laborinthus, P . 40 0 labyrinthus, Tr . p . 1 54 *laicus, eccl., B . 221 7 lampas,
L.
197 9 lepra, med., B . 225 2 *leuita, eccl ., L . 341 logica, Tr . p. 164 magicus, L . 942 magus,L.
948 *manna, Hebr ., B . 2199 tmarca, Anglo-Sax ., B . 935 *martyr, eccl., B . 281o, etc.*martyrium, eccl ., M . 3 . 1 2 melos, poet ., B . 2412
*metro politanus, eccl ., Tr .p .18 6 mitrat, eccl ., B. 1674, etc . *monachus, eccl ., B . 2077 monachalis, monachatus, eccl .
M . q . 23, 1 3
*monasterium, eccl., M. 7. 71 , etc .
*nzonasticus, eccl ., M . g . 7 mysterium, B . 13
22
mysticus, P. 15 5
tneuma (pn-), mus ., M . 2 . 7 1 *nonna, Egypt ., eccl ., B . 2372 oester, B . 373, etc . organum, B . 51 8 orthodoxus, eccl ., Tr . p . 205 parabola*, eccl., Ep . p . 5 *paradigma, gram ., B . 1 1 paradisus*, eccl ., M . 2 . 3 *patriarcha, eccl ., M . 15 . 17 9 *patrissare, Tr . p . 15 8 pedagogus, B . 2773 Phantasma, B . 361 5 phrenesis, med ., Tr. p . 15 8 physica, Tr . p . 16 4 plasmare, eecl ., L. 1627 platea, B . 839 tpneuma, eccl ., M. 10 . 296 t praenosticus, Misc . 8 . 9 *presbyter, eccl ., B . 1257, 1262 , 3478, etc . *propheta, eccl ., B . 1976, 352 6 *propheticus, eccl ., Tr. p . 21 1 propinare,B . 1 5 psallere, B . 1096 , psallere*, eccl., M . 2 . 6 3 *psalma, eccl ., B . 241 2 *psalmista, eccl., Tr . p . 160 . *psalmus, eccl ., M . 13 . 7 7 tpseudo, B . 267 1 pyxis, Tr. p . 165 sabbatum, Hebr., B . 132 1 satrapa, Pers ., B . 32 6 *scandalum, B . 3444, freq . schema, B . 227 5 *schisma, B . 3444 schola, B . 1513, etc . scyphus, B . 271 8 sindon, Tr, p . 180. sistrum,B . 107 8 smigma, B . 238 0 sophisticus, B . 168 g stadium, Tr . p . 15 5 stemma, B . 3213 stigma, Misc . 5 . 19, B . 190 9 syllaba, gram ., M . 14 . 1 8 *syncopare, med ., P . bo o tsyncopus, orig . Gram ., B .
171 0 techa (theca), M . 15 . 79 thesaurus, L . 294 thymiama, B . 52 1 ttoxicare, B . 254 6 tropheum, L . 165 0 tyrannis, Tr . p . 18 1 twasheil, Anglo-Sax ., B . 152 1 xennia, Tr . p . 22 0 *zelator, Tr. p . 18 6 *zelus, M . 17 . 3 1 *zizania, Tr . p . 22 2 zephyrus, B . 45 0 rhetor, M . 14 . 11 J . H . MOZLEY .
