Mesure de la constante de couplage forte avec les jets hadroniques en diffusion inélastique profonde.

Texte intégral

(1)Mesure de la constante de couplage forte avec les jets hadroniques en diffusion inélastique profonde. Maxime Gouzevitch. To cite this version: Maxime Gouzevitch. Mesure de la constante de couplage forte avec les jets hadroniques en diffusion inélastique profonde.. Physique [physics]. Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. Français. �pastel-00004486�. HAL Id: pastel-00004486 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004486 Submitted on 18 Dec 2008. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2)

(3) .

(4) .

(5) .

(6) . αs ! " #$% $&$ '$%

(7)

(8) .

(9)

(10)

(11) ! "" # $ %!& '" ( . !. ) * $ ! (!+ , -../0 ( ' 1.

(12)

(13) . . .

(14) . .

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18) αS

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

(24)

(25)

(26)

(27)

(28) " #

(29)

(30)

(31) $"%&' "%& ( )*+,

(32) "%& .

(33) /

(34) "%& . #

(35) 1

(36)

(37) "2,3

(38) 4

(39) "

(40)

(41) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "5

(42)

(43)

(44) 66 78

(45)

(46) 9

(47) 6

(48)

(49) "5

(50)

(51) ; "5

(52)

(53)

(54) ;

(55) kT

(56) / <;

(57) = ; (

(58)

(59)

(60) ; (

(61)

(62) &

(63) / .>

(64) ( .> "5

(65)

(66)

(67) / 4 =

(68)

(69) "

(70) =

(71)

(72)

(73)

(74)

(75)

(76) *" ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(77)

(78) )*+, =

(79)

(80)

(81)

(82) . ! ! 0 . ! ! : 0 0 ! 0 ! 0 0. !. .

(83) . . . 4. ! !. (. =

(84) 8 )*+,

(85)

(86) )*+,<% < )*+,<%% ) )

(87)

(88) = 8 , 8 ) ; ) =

(89)

(90) @ )

(91)

(92)

(93) ) < 8 +;

(94) 6

(95)

(96)

(97) <epA 7B C*7>

(98) 5

(99)

(100) 8

(101) 8

(102)

(103) 4

(104)

(105) 4 6 8 , 4 6 6 %3 4 C*7> 6

(106)

(107) ) . " #$ % . . +

(108)

(109)

(110) "%& ( )*+, C 6

(111) ?

(112)

(113) =

(114)

(115)

(116)

(117) ; ( )*+,

(118)

(119) 6 = #

(120)

(121). )*. . 4 !. -.

(122)

(123)

(124) )

(125)

(126) ) &

(127)

(128)

(129)

(130)

(131)

(132) "%& . (

(133) Q2 *

(134) /

(135)

(136)

(137) / C*7> / ,D

(138) D1 70

(139) 5

(140)

(141) #

(142)

(143) =

(144) /

(145)

(146) =

(147)

(148)

(149) =

(150)

(151)

(152)

(153)

(154)

(155) E φe θe

(156)

(157) Ee 6

(158)

(159)

(160)

(161)

(162)

(163)

(164) "%& . +;

(165) 6

(166) ! 7

(167) 6

(168)

(169)

(170) ! 6

(171)

(172)

(173)

(174)

(175) < ! +;

(176) 6

(177)

(178)

(179) < ! &

(180) 6

(181).

(182)

(183)

(184) ! 6

(185).

(186)

(187)

(188) "%& . &

(189) =

(190) "%& . (

(191) Q2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 ! : : 40 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 &'. 44!0 ! ! ! !. '+. -0 -0 - - - - -! -: -: : :4 :4 :! ::: :: 0 0 0 0 0.

(192) - - &. . 4. . . . . . 5

(193)

(194) 66 ! 8

(195) !

(196)

(197) ! !

(198)

(199)

(200) !

(201) #

(202) !

(203) # !

(204) # =

(205) = !

(206) # 6 !

(207) #

(208)

(209) !

(210) =

(211) ! %

(212) ! %

(213) ! 6

(214)

(215)

(216) / !

(217)

(218) =

(219) / !

(220)

(221) =

(222) /

(223) !

(224) / ! &

(225) /

(226)

(227)

(228) Q2 ! &

(229) / 6 #

(230) ! &

(231) / ( 6 Q2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 4. 44. . " , . !. "- . #/ 0 αs. -.

(232) " - = 66 -

(233) " - 5

(234)

(235) χ2 - =

(236) αs (

(237) Q2 - *=

(238) αs (

(239)

(240) - ? αs #

(241) 66 . . . 0 04 +. . 4. '.

(242)

(243) 8 5

(244)

(245)

(246) ; 4

(247) ;

(248) 4

(249)

(250) ; 6

(251)

(252) 8 5

(253)

(254) 4 6

(255) 4 6

(256) ;

(257)

(258) 9 4

(259)

(260)

(261) 4

(262)

(263)

(264) 6

(265) 6 9;@

(266)

(267)

(268)

(269) ; 4 6

(270)

(271)

(272) Q2eΣ 4 6 )B&

(273)

(274) yeΣ 4 6 )B& 6

(275) 6 ; 4 ;

(276) 4

(277)

(278) ; 4 ; 8

(279)

(280) + 8

(281) =

(282) ;

(283) . . 4. . =

(284)

(285) + 8

(286)

(287)

(288) "%& . . . . 0! ! :. 4 : +. 0 0 4 ! : 0 4 ! : :. &+. 40 40 4 4 44 44 4:.

(289) -

(290) αs -

(291)

(292) - "

(293)

(294) 8

(295)

(296) - "

(297)

(298)

(299) - "

(300)

(301)

(302)

(303) -

(304) - "

(305)

(306) (

(307) 6

(308)

(309) -4 &

(310) 6 ( 5

(311)

(312) ; - *=

(313)

(314) ( 6 Q2 - + αs (mZ ) -4 ? αs

(315)

(316) =

(317) . . . . . . . . . ! ! ! ! ! !!: - - - '1. . +!. * # # . +(. .

(318)

(319)

(320)

(321) $"'

(322)

(323)

(324)

(325)

(326) < @

(327)

(328)

(329) " # 6

(330) αs

(331) # <

(332)

(333) <

(334)

(335)

(336)

(337)

(338) < 6 $

(339) '. F

(340) 5

(341)

(342)

(343)

(344)

(345)

(346) F = .

(347) 6 $∼ 100 2C' &

(348)

(349)

(350)

(351)

(352) "F

(353)

(354)

(355) 6

(356) 8 6 G =

(357)

(358) %

(359)

(360)

(361)

(362) :!0F

(363)

(364)

(365) < =

(366) =

(367)

(368)

(369) ;=

(370)

(371) ::0F . αs # ( #

(372)

(373)

(374) 6

(375) 6

(376)

(377)

(378)

(379)

(380)

(381) 5

(382)

(383)

(384)

(385) H F I

(386)

(387)

(388) =

(389) F

(390)

(391)

(392) :-! :: 8.

(393)

(394)

(395) <

(396) $)*+, < "*&J'F

(397) <

(398) $*3 < *+. *> < &,'

(399)

(400) <

(401)

(402) $7

(403) < B 6'F

(404)

(405)

(406)

(407)

(408)

(409)

(410)

(411) 6 "

(412)

(413)

(414)

(415)

(416)

(417) ? 8

(418)

(419) 6.

(420)

(421)

(422)

(423)

(424) %F

(425)

(426)

(427) ( 10−7 %

(428)

(429) 6 GF

(430)

(431) ( 10−3 % HI %

(432)

(433)

(434)

(435)

(436)

(437) 5

(438)

(439) (

(440)

(441)

(442)

(443)

(444)

(445) <

(446) ) #

(447)

(448)

(449) $"%&'

(450)

(451)

(452) <

(453) ( )*+, =

(454)

(455) (

(456)

(457) *

(458) F

(459). ;

(460)

(461)

(462)

(463)

(464) 8

(465)

(466)

(467) 6 (

(468)

(469) " (

(470) /

(471) ;

(472)

(473) ;( # 6

(474) ) HF I

(475) 6; 8

(476) (

(477)

(478)

(479)

(480) F

(481)

(482) 6

(483) F =

(484) )

(485) 00 00! 8

(486)

(487) " # 2 #

(488) =

(489)

(490)

(491) A. • # #

(492)

(493)

(494)

(495)

(496)

(497)

(498) . 6

(499) "

(500)

(501)

(502) αs

(503)

(504) "

(505)

(506)

(507)

(508)

(509)

(510)

(511)

(512)

(513)

(514)

(515)

(516) #

(517)

(518)

(519) • #

(520)

(521)

(522)

(523) 8

(524) .

(525) ; (

(526) # (

(527)

(528) ,8 #

(529) 5

(530)

(531) ;F

(532)

(533)

(534) 66 ;

(535) 6 (

(536)

(537)

(538) 6

(539)

(540)

(541) αs 8 " *

(542) 5

(543) F

(544) 8

(545) = ?

(546) = 8

(547)

(548)

(549) . .

(550)

(551)

(552)

(553) 8

(554)

(555)

(556)

(557) 6 .

(558)

(559) " #

(560) ( =

(561)

(562) /

(563). ;A. • 2 #

(564)

(565)

(566) ) 8

(567)

(568) )*+, K

(569)

(570)

(571) 8 = <

(572).

(573)

(574) "%&

(575)

(576)

(577) $.' 5

(578) A 8

(579) ( ,

(580) $ ' (

(581) $ ' 5

(582)

(583) 8

(584)

(585) $ '

(586)

(587)

(588) $ ' ) • 2 #

(589)

(590)

(591)

(592)

(593) "%& . 5

(594)

(595) ;

(596)

(597)

(598) • 2 #

(599)

(600)

(601)

(602)

(603)

(604) "%& .

(605)

(606)

(607)

(608)

(609) = <

(610)

(611) "

(612)

(613) F 8 = = .

(614)

(615) F

(616)

(617)

(618) /

(619) <

(620)

(621)

(622) "%& . "

(623)

(624)

(625)

(626)

(627)

(628) .

(629) 5

(630)

(631) #F

(632)

(633) =

(634)

(635) <.

(636) ;

(637)

(638)

(639) = *

(640) 5

(641)

(642)

(643) .

(644)

(645) 6

(646)

(647)

(648) 8

(649) ( ;

(650) 6

(651) 3 # # 4. • . 2 #

(652)

(653) 6. 5

(654)

(655) ;

(656)

(657) <

(658) "%& . = 6

(659)

(660) *

(661) < 6

(662)

(663)

(664) L

(665)

(666) A

(667)

(668)

(669)

(670) 8

(671) (

(672)

(673)

(674)

(675) #.

(676) 3 # )* # 4 " 2 #

(677) (

(678)

(679)

(680) " . ( =

(681) αs A. • # 2 # 8

(682)

(683) ( 5

(684)

(685) 6< 6

(686) ;A

(687) F 6

(688)

(689)

(690)

(691) <

(692) # =

(693) =

(694)

(695)

(696) #.

(697)

(698)

(699) 6 *

(700) 5

(701) 8

(702)

(703) =

(704) F

(705)

(706)

(707)

(708)

(709) =

(710) 6 ( 6<.

(711)

(712) $.>' • 2 #

(713)

(714) = =

(715)

(716)

(717) .

(718)

(719) 6

(720) =

(721) < 5

(722)

(723) 66

(724) =

(725) *

(726) ;

(727) =

(728)

(729) = *

(730)

(731) 8 6

(732)

(733) ( 6

(734) αs (mZ ) αs,0 (mZ )

(735)

(736)

(737)

(738)

(739) "

(740)

(741)

(742)

(743)

(744) =

(745)

(746) ( =

(747) #

(748)

(749) < #

(750) *

(751) 5

(752)

(753) αs,0 (mZ )

(754)

(755) =

(756)

(757) (

(758)

(759) . .

(760) # (.

(761) "

(762)

(763)

(764)

(765)

(766)

(767)

(768) 6

(769) <

(770)

(771) $"'

(772)

(773)

(774) αs .

(775)

(776)

(777) 8

(778) (

(779)

(780)

(781) = "

(782)

(783). = 8

(784)

(785)

(786)

(787)

(788)

(789)

(790)

(791)

(792) = #

(793)

(794)

(795)

(796) " M ;

(797) . .. # +#, 2, ! 3 *! α S. ? 8 &

(798) .

(799)

(800)

(801)

(802)

(803) F 6 6

(804) Z 0 F W ±

(805)

(806)

(807)

(808) @ *=

(809)

(810)

(811) F

(812) .

(813)

(814) (

(815)

(816) F LMS = LEW + LQCD + LHiggs ,. $ '.

(817)

(818)

(819)

(820)

(821) ; SU (2)L ⊗ U (1)Y ⊗ SU (3)C

(822)

(823) LEW

(824)

(825) 6 $*N'

(826)

(827)

(828) SU (2)L ⊗ U (1)Y * 6

(829)

(830)

(831) =

(832)

(833) ( 6 $∼ 100 2C'

(834) )

(835) U (1)Q

(836) $*?'

(837) )

(838) 6 (

(839)

(840)

(841) =

(842) 6

(843)

(844)

(845)

(846)

(847) *N

(848)

(849) ) F LHiggs F

(850)

(851)

(852) . 6

(853) N 1

(854) )

(855)

(856) LQCD F

(857)

(858)

(859) ; SU (3)C F

(860)

(861) $"'

(862)

(863)

(864)

(865) . .

(866)

(867) .

(868)

(869)

(870)

(871)

(872)

(873) @ < 6

(874)

(875)

(876) =

(877) ; SU (3)C

(878)

(879)

(880) @

(881)

(882) =

(883)

(884) 8

(885)

(886)

(887) ( .

(888)

(889)

(890)

(891)

(892)

(893) .

(894) B A

(895)

(896) =

(897) " @

(898)

(899) " A 1 LQCD = iψq γμ Dμ ψ q + Gμν Ga $ ' 4 a μν M

(900)

(901)

(902)

(903) = @ ψq F

(904)

(905)

(906)

(907). $q = u, d, s, c, b, t'F

(908)

(909)

(910) " .

(911) =

(912)

(913)

(914)

(915) A ψq = (ψqrouge ψqbleu ψqvert ).. $ '.

(916) Dμ

(917) ( Dμ = ∂ μ − igs Ta Gμa. $ '. M Ta

(918)

(919)

(920)

(921)

(922)

(923) $

(924)

(925)

(926)

(927)

(928) 3 × 3'

(929)

(930)

(931) Ga F

(932)

(933)

(934)

(935) Gμν a

(936)

(937)

(938)

(939)

(940) A a a b c Gμν a = ∂μ Gν − ∂ν Gμ − gs fabc Gμ Gν. $ '. M gs

(941)

(942) fabc

(943)

(944)

(945) 86 SU (3)

(946)

(947) "

(948)

(949) A LQCD = ”qq” + gs ”qqG” + ”G2 ” + gs ”G3 ” + gs2 ”G4 ”. $ 4'. M $

(950) ' = B

(951)

(952)

(953) 5 = $ 4'

(954)

(955)

(956) 8

(957) $ '

(958)

(959)

(960) *" >

(961) @ ”qq” @<

(962) F gs ”qqG”F

(963)

(964)

(965) gs

(966) $ 4'

(967)

(968)

(969)

(970)

(971)

(972) $ ' >

(973)

(974) ”G2 ”F = . ( $gs ”G3 ”' $gs2 ”G4 ”'

(975) <

(976) # = ;

(977)

(978) 6

(979)

(980) $ J

(981) <? '

(982) (

(983)

(984) < 86

(985)

(986)

(987)