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!"#$% &%# '"()*%# +,+ #%- ./01 2345360 07 E/N0 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 E/N1, , , , , , , , , , , , @A +,@ #%- ./01 2345360 07 E/N1 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 E/N0, , , , , , , , , , , , @A +,B #%- 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 θ /; 52343;63 78 C701 013 =99/0/<3 (=?44/=; ;7/43 =;9 013 =99/0/<3 032D 9?3 07 013 &755>32 4523=9 32272, , , , , , , , , , , , @+ +,E #%- 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 θ /; 52343;63 78 7;>F 013 =99/0/<3 (=?44/=; ;7/43, @@ +,GH I7D5=2/47; C30.33; 013 #%- 78 C701 013 6=434 78 013 52343;63 78 7;>F 013 =99/0/<3 (=?44/=; ;7/43 =;9 013 52343;63 78 C701 013 (=?44/=; ;7/43 =;9 013 &755>32 4523=9 32272, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , @@ +,GG #%- ./01 2345360 07 E/N0 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 E/N1, , , , , , , , , , , , @B +,GJ #%- ./01 2345360 07 E/N1 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 E/N0, , , , , , , , , , , , @E +,GK #%- 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 013 0/D3 7:430 C30.33; 013 02=;4D/44/7;4 /; 52343;63 78 C701 013 =99/0/<3 (=?44/=; ;7/43 =;9 013 &755>32 4523=9 32272, @E +,GL #%- 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 013 0/D3 7:430 C30.33; 013 02=;4D/44/7;4 /; 52343;63 78 7;>F 013 =99/0/<3 (=?44/=; ;7/43, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , BH @,G *3>=0/<3 9/40=;63 C30.33; 0.7 ;7934 (S1) =;9 (S2)=0 t0, , , , , , , , , , , EG @,J $*MC=439 23>=F/;N, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , EL @,K OIMC=439 23>=F/;N, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , EA @,L -!OIMC=439 23>=F/;N, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , EA @,A I?D?>=0/<3 &/402/C?0/7; '?;60/7; ./01 2345360 07 013 0/D3 9/:323;63 ∆t =
t− t0 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 λ, $13 02=;4D/44/7; 2=;N3 /4 P 39 =0 R = 4Q =;9 013 23>=0/<3 9/40=;63 =0 t0 /4 d0= 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , E@ @,+ I?D?>=0/<3 &/402/C?0/7; '?;60/7; ./01 2345360 07 013 0/D3 9/:323;63 ∆t = t− t0 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 λ, $13 02=;4D/44/7; 2=;N3 /4 P 39 =0 R = 4Q =;9 013 23>=0/<3 9/40=;63 =0 t0 /4 d0= 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , E@ @,@ I?D?>=0/<3 &/402/C?0/7; '?;60/7; ./01 2345360 07 013 0/D3 9/:323;63 ∆t = t− t0 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 d0, $13 02=;4D/44/7; 2=;N3 /4 P 39 =0 R = 4Q =;9 λ = 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , EB @,B R66?2=6F 78 5239/60/7; ./01 2345360 07 013 0/D3 9/:323;63 ∆t = t − t0 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 013 23>=0/<3 9/40=;63 d0 =;9 λ = 2, σ2 = 3Q =;9 013 02=;4D/44/7; 2=;N3 /4 430 07 R = 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , EE @,E R66?2=6F 78 5239/60/7; ./01 2345360 07 013 23>=0/<3 9/40=;63 d0 872 9/:323;0 <=>?34 78 ∆t, λ = 2Q σ2 = 3Q =;9 013 02=;4D/44/7; 2=;N3 /4 430 07 R = 4, , , EE B,G GM& 27=9 78 >3;N01 L, $13 <31/6>34 =23 =44?D39 07 C3 λM3S?/9/40=;0, , , , , GH@ B,J -=6T30 3 61=;N3 ?4/;N U-OIMVRI 5270767>, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , GHB B,K #02?60?23 78 013 82=D34 /; U-OIMVRI, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , GGH B,L $2=;4D/44/7; 78 = I#VR ;793 ./01/; = U-OIMVRI 43S?3;63, $13 >7.M 52/72/0F D793 78 013 U-OIMVRI, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , GGK B,A V= /D?D ;?DC32 78 ;7934 N !" 01=0 6=; 02=;4D/0 f 5=6T304 3=61 ./01/; = 0/D3 /;032<=> 78 9?2=0/7; ∆ = 14, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , GJH B,+ V= /D?D ;?DC32 78 ;7934 N !"./01 2345360 07 013 ;?DC32 78 ;7934 02=;4M D/00/;N /; 013 I- /; 013 U-OIMVRI 5270767>, $13 ;?DC32 78 5=6T304 01=0 3=61 ;793 02=;4D/04 9?2/;N ∆ = 14 /4 f = 20WX, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , GJG
!"#$ %$" &!'()$" *+ ,-. /)) 0+12 3456471 18 124 391+8 8: 124 139;5<+55+8; 39;=4 18 124 54;5+;= 39;=4->954 02434 p = 0.1 9;? 04 955@<4 ;8 43383 8: +;1436341+;= A3474+B+;=C 124 D/E>F>)/ 5+=;9G5- - - HII ,-, /)) 0+12 3456471 18 124 391+8 8: 124 139;5<+55+8; 39;=4 18 124 54;5+;= 39;=4->954 02434 p = 0.4 9;? 04 955@<4 ;8 43383 8: +;1436341+;= 124 D/E>F>)/ 5+=;9G5- - - HIJ ,-K /)) 0+12 3456471 18 124 391+8 8: 124 139;5<+55+8; 39;=4 18 124 54;5+;= 39;=4->954 02434 p = 0.7 9;? 04 955@<4 ;8 43383 8: +;1436341+;= 124 D/E>F>)/ 5+=;9G5- - - HIL ,-HM /)) 0+12 3456471 18 124 391+8 8: 124 139;5<+55+8; 39;=4 18 124 54;5+;= 39;=4-!; 12+5 7954 p = 0.1- N4 78<6934 124 79545 02434 124 43383 8: 638O9O+G+1P 8: +;1436341+;= 124 D/E>F>)/ +5 78;5+?434? 9;? ;81- - - HIQ ,-HH /)) 0+12 3456471 18 124 391+8 8: 124 139;5<+55+8; 39;=4 18 124 54;5+;= 39;=4-!; 12+5 7954 p = 0.4- N4 78<6934 124 79545 02434 124 43383 8: 638O9O+G+1P 8: +;1436341+;= 124 D/E>F>)/ +5 78;5+?434? 9;? ;81- - - HIR ,-HI /)) 0+12 3456471 18 124 391+8 8: 124 139;5<+55+8; 39;=4 18 124 54;5+;= 39;=4- !; 12+5 7954 p = 0.4S 9;? 124 43383 8: 638O9O+G+1P 8: +;1436341+;= 124 29;?529T+;= 5+=;9G5 +5 ;81 78;5+?434?- N4 78<6934 124 79545 02434 124 34G9P ;8?4 685+1+8; +5 3456471+B4GP QHS QQ 9;? QK- - - HI. ,-HJ /)) 0+12 3456471 18 124 391+8 8: 124 139;5<+55+8; 39;=4 18 124 54;5+;= 39;=4- !; 12+5 7954 p = 0.4S 9;? 124 43383 8: 638O9O+G+1P 8: +;1436341+;= 124 29;?529T+;= 5+=;9G5 +5 78;5+?434?- N4 78<6934 124 79545 02434 124 34G9P ;8?4 685+1+8; +5 3456471+B4GP QHS QQ 9;? QK- - - HI, K-H U8;4S +;139FV8;4 34G9P ;8?4S 9;? +;143FV8;4 34G9P ;8?4 +; WX/- - - HJR K-I /3454;191+8; 8: 9 5+;=G4 V8;4 0+12 +15 29G:FV8;45 9;? 5@OFV8;45- - - HJ, K-J #39;5<+55+8; 54Y@4;74 +;?4*91+8; 9;? 63+83+1P 955+=;<4;1 024; 124 5455+8; 83?43 O ! (t) +5 8?? 9;? K < R2 + 1- - - HLJ K-L #39;5<+55+8; 54Y@4;74 +;?4*91+8; 9;? 63+83+1P 955+=;<4;1 024; 124 5455+8; 83?43 O ! (t) +5 8?? 9;? K ≥ R2 + 1- - - HLJ K-Q #39;5<+55+8; 54Y@4;74 +;?4*91+8; 9;? 63+83+1P 955+=;<4;1 024; 124 5455+8; 83?43 O ! (t) +5 4B4; 9;? K < R2 + 1- - - HLJ K-R #39;5<+55+8; 54Y@4;74 +;?4*91+8; 9;? 63+83+1P 955+=;<4;1 024; 124 5455+8; 83?43 O ! (t) +5 4B4; 9;? K ≥ R2 + 1- - - HLL K-. )91+8 η 0+12 3456471 18 124 ;@<O43 8: 5@OFV8;45 0+12+; 124 +;143FV8;4- >9545 02434 δ = 1 9;? 124 ;@<O43 8: +;143FV8;4 5@OFV8;45 +5 8?? A@6 7@3B4C 83 4B4; AO8118< 7@3B4C- - - HQH K-, )91+8 η 0+12 3456471 18 124 ;@<O43 8: 5@OFV8;45 0+12+; 124 +;143FV8;4- >9545
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