Montréal Septembre 2000
Série Scientifique
Scientific Series
2000s-32
Can the Theory of Incentives
Explain Decentralization?
CIRANO
Le CIRANO est un organisme sans but lucratif constitué en vertu de la Loi des compagnies du Québec. Le financement de son infrastructure et de ses activités de recherche provient des cotisations de ses organisations-membres, d’une subvention d’infrastructure du ministère de la Recherche, de la Science et de la Technologie, de même que des subventions et mandats obtenus par ses équipes de recherche.
CIRANO is a private non-profit organization incorporated under the Québec Companies Act. Its infrastructure and research activities are funded through fees paid by member organizations, an infrastructure grant from the Ministère de la Recherche, de la Science et de la Technologie, and grants and research mandates obtained by its research teams.
Les organisations-partenaires / The Partner Organizations
•École des Hautes Études Commerciales •École Polytechnique
•Université Concordia •Université de Montréal
•Université du Québec à Montréal •Université Laval
•Université McGill •MEQ
•MRST
•Alcan Aluminium Ltée •AXA Canada
•Banque Nationale du Canada •Banque Royale du Canada •Bell Québec
•Bombardier •Bourse de Montréal
•Développement des ressources humaines Canada (DRHC)
•Fédération des caisses populaires Desjardins de Montréal et de l’Ouest-du-Québec •Hydro-Québec
•Imasco
•Industrie Canada
•Pratt & Whitney Canada Inc. •Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton •Ville de Montréal
© 2000 Michel Poitevin. Tous droits réservés. All rights reserved.
Reproduction partielle permise avec citation du document source, incluant la notice ©.
Short sections may be quoted without explicit permission, provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.
ISSN 1198-8177
Ce document est publié dans l’intention de rendre accessibles les résultats préliminaires de la recherche effectuée au CIRANO, afin de susciter des échanges et des suggestions. Les idées et les opinions émises sont sous l’unique responsabilité des auteurs, et ne représentent pas nécessairement les positions du CIRANO ou de ses partenaires.
This paper presents preliminary research carried out at CIRANO and aims at encouraging discussion and comment. The observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of CIRANO or its partners.
Can the Theory of Incentives Explain Decentralization?
*Michel Poitevin
†Résumé / Abstract
Cet article présente dans un cadre unifié un survol de trois théories de la décentralisation de la prise de décision dans les organisations. Ces théories reposent sur la présence d’information privée et des incitations qui en découlent. La renégociation, la collusion et les limites à la communication représentent trois conditions suffisantes pouvant expliquer l’optimalité de la décentralisation.
This survey presents within a single model three theories of decentralization of decision-making within organizations based on private information and incentives. Renegotiation, collusion, and limits on communication are three sufficient conditions for decentralization to be optimal.
Mots Clés : Design organisationnel, information privée, décentralisation
Keywords: Organizational design, private information, decentralization
JEL: D82, L22
* Corresponding Author: Michel Poitevin, CIRANO, 2020 University Street, 25th floor, Montréal, Qc, Canada
H3A 2A5 Tel.: (514) 985-4023 Fax: (514) 985-4039 email: [email protected] I would like to thank Chuck Blackorby for giving me the opportunity to deliver the 2000 Innis Lecture. I greatly benefited from this exercise. I would like to thank Frédérique Fell for her valuable research assistance. I acknowledge financial support from C.R.S.H. and F.C.A.R.
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7K H R U J D Q L] D W LR Q X Q G H U O\LQ J W K LV P H F K D Q LV P R U J D P H LV F D OOH G ? G H F H Q W U D OL] H G E H F D X V H W K H S U LQ F LS D O G H OH J D W H V S U R G X F W LR Q U LJ K W V D Q G F R Q W U D F W LQ J U LJ K W V ZLW K D J H Q W W R D J H Q W $ J H Q W LV LQ F K D U J H R I R U G H U LQ J W R D J H Q W W K H S U R G X F W LR Q R I W K H LQ W H U P H G LD W H LQ S X W D Q G R I S U R G X F LQ J D Q G G H OLYH U LQ J W K H p Q D O R X W S X W W R W K H S U LQ F LS D O $ J H Q W LV D OV R LQ F K D U J H R I K LU LQ J D Q G U H P X Q H U D W LQ J D J H Q W W K D W LV F R Q W U D F W LQ J ZLW K D J H Q W $ J H Q W P X V W S D \ D J H Q W R X W R I LW V R ZQ S R F NH W P H D Q LQ J W K D W D J H Q W LV D F F R X Q W D E OH IR U D J H Q W V E X G J H W $ J H Q W H oH F W LYH O\ E H F R P H V D U H V S R Q V LE LOLW \ R U S U R p W F H Q W H U 7K H S U LQ F LS D O K D V G H OH J D W H G V LJ Q Lp F D Q W U LJ K W V W R D J H Q W 7K H H [H U F LV H R I W K H V H U LJ K W V LV Q H YH U W K H OH V V LP S OLF LW O\ OLP LW H G E \ W K H F R Q W U D F W W K D W W K H S U LQ F LS D O R oH U V W R D J H Q W 7K LV G H F H Q W U D OL] H G P H F K D Q LV P F D Q D OV R LP S OH P H Q W T / H W W K H S D \P H Q W W R D J H Q W E H W K H IR OOR ZLQ J ZG T zv % T b b {{c v T b pG zv ZG T v % T b pG v
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t zvu u ( vMv zv Q ZG T zv b zvTb ZG R 8G v u ( vMv v Q ZG T v b vTb ZG R c vt{AT b { zTu! 8G t zvu u ( vMv zv Q ZG b zvT R 8G v u ( vMv v Q ZG b vT R c vt{ AT b { zTu! )R U D J H Q W W K H p U V W W H U P U H S U H V H Q W V LW V W U D Q V IH U IU R P W K H S U LQ F LS D O W K H V H F R Q G W H U P LW V F R V W R I S U R G X F W LR Q D Q G W K H OD V W W H U P W K H W U D Q V IH U LW P X V W S D \ W R D J H Q W )R U D J H Q W LW V S D \R o F R U U H V S R Q G V W R LW V W U D Q V IH U IU R P D J H Q W P LQ X V LW V F R V W R I S U R G X F W LR Q ,W F D Q E H U H D G LO\ YH U Lp H G W K D W W K H V H H [S H F W H G S D \R oV D U H W K H V D P H D V W K R V H IR U W K H V R OX W LR Q W R W K H V H F R Q G E H V W S U R E OH P R U W K R V H X Q G H U F H Q W U D OL] D W LR Q : H W K H U H IR U H K D YH H TX LYD OH Q F H E H W ZH H Q W K H W ZR R U J D Q L] D W LR Q D O IR U P V 7K H U H V R OX W LR Q R I W K H G H F H Q W U D OL] D W LR Q J D P H D OV R MX V W Lp H V LQ D V H Q V H ZK \ W K LV J D P H LV F D OOH G ? G H F H Q W U D OL] H G + X U ZLF ] G H p Q H V D G H F H Q W U D OL] H G V \V W H P D V R Q H ZK H U H F R P P X Q LF D W LR Q LV U H V W U LF W H G W R F R P P R G LW \G LP H Q V LR Q D O P H V V D J H V 7K H Q D W X U H R I W K H F R Q W U D F W E H W ZH H Q W K H S U LQ F LS D O D Q G W K H D J H Q W K D V W K D W q D YR U V LQ F H W K H U H P X Q H U D W LR Q R I D J H Q W G H S H Q G V R Q W K H S U R G X F H G R X W S X W ,P S OLF LW O\ W K H S U LQ F LS D O X V H V W K H S U R G X F H G R X W S X W D V D V LJ Q D O R I W K H D J H Q W V W \S H
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7K H S U LQ F LS D O R oH U V D Q H Z F R Q W U D F W W R D J H Q W ,I LW LV D F F H S W H G W K H J D P H F R Q W LQ X H V D Q G W K LV Q H Z F R Q W U D F W E H F R P H V W K H R X W V W D Q G LQ J F R Q W U D F W ,I Q R W W K H LQ LW LD O F R Q W U D F W U H P D LQ V LQ IR U F H $ J H Q W R oH U V D F R Q W U D F W W R D J H Q W ,I LW LV D F F H S W H G W K H J D P H F R Q W LQ X H V ,I LW LV U H MH F W H G W K H J D P H H Q G V D Q G H D F K S OD \H U U H F H LYH V LW V U H V H U YD W LR Q X W LOLW \ $ J H Q W V H Q G V D P H V V D J H W R D J H Q W $ J H Q W R oH U V D Q H Z F R Q W U D F W W R D J H Q W ,I LW LV D F F H S W H G W K H J D P H F R Q W LQ X H V D Q G W K LV Q H Z F R Q W U D F W E H F R P H V W K H R X W V W D Q G LQ J F R Q W U D F W ,I Q R W W K H LQ LW LD O F R Q W U D F W U H P D LQ V LQ IR U F H $ J H Q W P D NH V D S U R G X F W LR Q G H F LV LR Q D Q G W U D Q V IH U V W D NH S OD F H $ V LV W K H F D V H X Q G H U F H Q W U D OL] D W LR Q W K H U H LV Q R OR V V R I J H Q H U D OLW \ LQ F R Q V LG H U LQ J U H Q H J R W LD W LR Q S U R R I F R Q W U D F W V ,Q V R OYLQ J IR U W K LV J D P H , W K H U H IR U H OR R N IR U F R Q W U D F W V W K D W D U H Q R W U H Q H J R W LD W H G LQ V W D J H V D Q G D OR Q J W K H H TX LOLE U LX P S D W K 7K H F R Q W U D F W ZG LV Q R W U H Q H J R W LD W LR Q S U R R I V LQ F H LW U H TX LU H V D J H Q W W R U H S R U W LW V W \S H D Q G LW V U H P X Q H U D W LR Q V F K H G X OH G H S H Q G V R Q W K LV U H S R U W 5 H Q H J R W LD W LR Q IR OOR ZLQ J D U H S R U W zv LQ V W D J H ZR X OG OH D G W R W K H H OLP LQ D W LR Q R I W K H W D [ R Q R X W S X W {c vT b{ 7K H R Q O\ S X U S R V H R I W K LV W D [ LV W R LQ W U R G X F H R X W S X W G LV W R U W LR Q V W R OLP LW D J H Q W V LQ IR U P D W LR Q D O U H Q W V ,W ZR X OG E H U H Q H J R W LD W H G D ZD \ R Q F H D J H Q W K D G U H S R U W H G LW V W \S H ( YH Q W K R X J K W K H F R Q W U D F W ZG LV Q R W U H Q H J R W LD W LR Q S U R R I W K H U H H [LV W V D Q R W K H U F R Q W U D F W W K D W LV D Q G W K D W LP S OH P H Q W V T 7K H S U LQ F LS D O Q H H G V W R S U R YLG H D J H Q W ZLW K W K H D S S U R S U LD W H LQ F H Q W LYH V IR U K D YLQ J D J H Q W S U R G X F LQ J H r F LH Q W O\ D Q G IR U S U R G X F LQ J T % R W K J R D OV F D Q E H D F K LH YH G LQ D U H Q H J R W LD W LR Q S U R R I P D Q Q H U X V LQ J D Q R Q OLQ H D U U H P X Q H U D W LR Q V F K H G X OH IR U D J H Q W 6 X S S R V H D J H Q W LV S D LG D F F R U G LQ J W R D Q R Q OLQ H D U V F K H G X OH W K D W OLQ NV W U D Q V IH U V W R G H OLYH U H G R X W S X W $ J H Q W ZR X OG W K H Q K D YH Q R Q H H G W R U H S R U W LW V W \S H LQ V W D J H 7K LV LP S OLH V W K D W Q R U H Q H J R W LD W LR Q F D Q E H V X F F H V V IX O D W V W D J H
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