Diabetes Mellitus

Statistics

 _{Affects 23.6 million people in the}

U.S.

- Diagnosed: 17.9 million people

- Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people

 _{7th leading cause of death in the U.S}

What is Diabetes?

 _{A chronic disease in which the body}

can not properly use or make insulin.

 _{Insulin- a hormone made in the}

pancrease that turns sugar

(glucose) into energy for the body to use

What happens without insulin?

Lack of insulin



Build up of glucose in the

blood (hyperglycemia)



Symptoms of Diabetes

Mellitus

Symptoms

 Frequent urination

 Excessive thirst

 Extreme hunger

- Cells are starved for energy

 Unexplained weight loss

- Insulin can not trigger the storage of fat

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

 _{Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus}  _{Autoimmune disorder}

 _{The body destroys the cells that}

make the insulin

 _{Thus, the body can no longer}

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

 _{Usually diagnosed in children &}

young adults ( <30 years old)

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

 _{RISK factors:}

- Genetics

- Autoimmune history

Type I Treatment

 _{Glucose monitoring often}  _{Insulin injections}

 _Exercise  _Diet

 _{Follow up with doctor}  _{Educate yourself!}

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

 _{Non-insulin dependent diabetes}

mellitus

 _{Body makes insulin but most cells}

do not use insulin properly

 _{Insulin resistance}

 _{Slowly, the pancreas stops making}

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Type II Risk Factors

 _{Obesity & Inactivity}

- Studies find a relationship between weight/activity level and Type II

- Seeing an increase in Type II diabetes in children

Type II Prevention

- Healthy diet

- Moderately intense exercise (walking 2 1/2 hours each week)

Type II Treatment

 _{Goal: Control blood sugar (glucose)}

- Glucose monitoring often

- Oral medicine

- Diet

- Exercise / Weight management

- Follow up with doctor

Diet - Carb Counting

 _{Carbohydrates raise blood glucose}

levels

 _{Keep track of how many carbs you}

eat and set a limit for yourself

 _{Limit depends on your activity level}

and medications

Diet - Create your plate

 _{Divide plate into 3 sections}

- Large section - non-starch veggies (spinach, cabbage, mushrooms)

- Small section - starch

(potatoes, whole grain breads)

- Small section - meat (turkey, tuna)

Diet - Individualized

 _{No diet is appropriate for every}

diabetic person

 _{Work with your doctor to come up}

with a diet that is right for your situation

Complications of Diabetes

 _{Heart disease}  _Blindness

 _{Kidney damage}

 _{Diabetic neuropathy / nerve damage}  _{Prevent complications by managing}

Diabetes Awareness

 _{November is American Diabetes}

Month

 _{November 14 is World Diabetes Day}

For more information:

www.cdc.gov

www.diabetes.org

Websites