Extending the C-K design theory to provide theoretical background for personal design agents

EXTENDING THE C-K DESIGN THEORY WITH

THE ENVIRONMENT SPACE

THE C/K/E VERSION: A THEORETICAL

BACKGROUND FOR PERSONAL DESIGN

ASSISTANTS

A. O. Kazakçı, A. Tsoukias L.A.M.S.A.D.E. Université Paris IX Dauphine

{kazakci,tsoukias}@lamsade.dauphine.fr

11INTERNATIONAL DESIGN CONFERENCE - DESIGN 2004 Dubrovnik, May 18 - 21, 2004

Plan

{

Motivation and scope

The C-K design theory

z

_{Overview and example}

z

_{Why an environment space E ?}

{

The environment in C-K theory: The C/K/E

version

Motivation and scope -The C-K design theory

The design process as the coevolution of two spaces

(Hatchuel et Weil, 1999; 2002; 2003), (Hatchuel, Le Masson and Weil, 2004), (Hatchuel, 2002)

Motivation and scope

{

Claim

: In order to build computational design

tools based on C-K design theory,

“

The theory must be extended by including a

third space, the environment E of designers

.”

{

Aim

: To introduce this extended version, the

C/K/E theory.

{

Approach

: The use of notions and models from

the situated view of cognition

(Suchman,

The C-K design theory

Concepts

Knowledge

C0

C1

C2

C3

_C4

K1

Ki

K2

K3

C – K

K – K

K – C

The C-K theory: Main notions and ideas

Concepts Knowledge

Design ends when the concept becomes

a knowledge item •Propositions that can be associated with a logical status (or meaning)

A concept C: a conjunction of propositions {p₁,p₂,p₃,...,p_n}

without a logical status

phone for teenagers, suprise party, nice car,…

K-Relativity

of concepts

Concepts are meaningless!

When its meaning is constructed Concepts can be defined in set

theory without the axiom of choice It is not possible to choose a bagless vacuum before the end

of design: It does not exist yet!

Concepts cannot be searched or

Concept formation in C-K theory

K on vacuum cleaners

The vacuum created by the engine pulls the

dust+air into a bag Dust is kept within the bag while the air is evacuated

Bag acts as a filter

Concepts

Knowledge

C₀: A vacuum cleaner with continuous suction power

C-K Disjunction C₀+p₁:Filtering with a bag C₀+p₂:Filtering without a filter Disposable

bag _{engine power}Adjustable

The pores of the bag (filter) are filled by dust; Cleaner loose suction power

Concept formation in C-K theory

continuous succion power Filtering without a filter Separation by centrifuge What is filtering? -A separation method

-Separating two or more materials using differences in structural

properties _{Methods for separating?}

Physical: Filtering, Centrifuge, Electromagnetism Chemical: (depends on material) Double Cyclone (Dyson)

The C-K theory and the Environment

{

Assumption: Creative and adaptive design

tools should respect the principles of the

C-K theory:

z

_{Creativity: Expansive partitions}

_{Adaptivity: Expansion of K}

{

Proposition: To build such tools, a third

space, the environment space E, must be

introduced.

The C-K theory: Relevance of environment

{

_{External representations are the main engines}

through which design processes progress [Schön

and Wiggins, 1992], [Gero, 1998], [Suwa et al.,

1999]

{

_{Without the environment it is impossible to}

initialize the space K!

z

_{Where do the first knowledge items come}

from?

{

_{Design representations and designers are external}

Plan

{

Motivation and scope

The C-K design theory

{

The environment in C-K theory: The C/K/E

version

z

_Situatedness

z

_{The C/K/E framework}

Situated view of cognition

{

Cognition emerges from the interaction of the agent

with its environment

(Clancey, 1997), (Suchman,

1985), (Brooks, 1991)

{

Dynamic coupling between

Perception, Conception

and Action

{

Action and adaptation depends on the environment:

Î Knowledge can be

neither applied, nor learned

independently from

z

Specific demands of the environment

Situatedness and the environment

Situatedness as the interaction of three worlds, after [Gero and Kannengiesser 2002].

The environment in C-K theory: The

C/K/E version

The C/K/E theory and Situatedness

Concept space C Knowledge space K K

C

E

Interpretation

Action

Perspectives for the C/K/E framework

{

Situated and Social aspects of designing

z

Communication, negotiation, intermediary objects

(sketches, prototypes, etc.)

z

How can the C/K/E framework help?

{

Design tools

z

_{Situated design agents can be used to operationalize}

the C-K theory [Kazakci 2004]

z

_{Creative and adaptive design tools: Personal design}

assistants

Perspectives for the C/K/E framework

The assistant will cooperate with the designer by observing the external design representation on which he is working, making suggestions to him on how to elaborate this representation and adapting its (suggestions) behaviour according to the designer’s reactions [Kazakci 2004]