• Aucun résultat trouvé

Les cols blancs, fonctionnaires et employés Force Ouvrière jusqu'en 1963

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Les cols blancs, fonctionnaires et employés Force Ouvrière jusqu'en 1963"

Copied!
13
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Les cols blancs, fonctionnaires et employés Force Ouvrière jusqu’en 1963 Jeanne Siwek-Pouydesseau. To cite this version: Jeanne Siwek-Pouydesseau. Les cols blancs, fonctionnaires et employés Force Ouvrière jusqu’en 1963. Colloque sur Robert Bothereau et la naissance de la CGT-FO, 2001, Orléans, Paris, France. pp.117133. �halshs-00333079�. HAL Id: halshs-00333079 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00333079 Submitted on 22 Oct 2008. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) Manuscrit auteur, publié dans "Colloque sur Robert Bothereau et la naissance de la CGT-FO, Orléans, Paris : France (2001)". halshs-00333079, version 1 - 22 Oct 2008.  

(3)     

(4)   !"$#

(5) &%')( * +-,/.103246587:9* ;9=<&?>@AB CD E FFGD/H)IKJLD M*N+O=PQ)RGSD TTDUEVQ !W D TX EUY[Z \GP ]^I_D`T3SDaX&Pb

(6) TdcGbKE FGXTeD f-gGb

(7) PRGZ`T3SDcQG]:DUEVQ-gGE ]hPgg*PT:IiY[I

(8) P F-E QjLY+]^EVkEIKbKb

(9) DQ)]Tf-E F QD b

(10) TePFVY YP&QUlP&QG]:TmP XX QgZ-QF)D1g)bnE&XD$IKfmg*P ]+YE FY[D1S E&FTmb_DoTpRFGS I

(11) X EbKI

(12) Tpf1D?D Frq=]^EVFX&Dts=W!DmY^D ][f1DoSDoX&P buTvcbKE FXT-TDU][E QtYIKb

(13) I

(14) TZwS E FGTxTP&FyTD FGTxb

(15) DxgbzQT?bKE]{\GDwD F|R}IKF)X bzQ)EFY~b

(16) D TxP FXY^I

(17) PFFEIK]^D Te€X&PFY][EIK]^D f1D F Y1‚QFƒg)]^Z XZ SD FtY P&QGk][E \GDv„ue P†$FGP&Q*T3F‡KE k)I

(18) P FGT]^D:Y^D F Q‰ˆ&QD/b

(19) D T€D f-g*b_P RGZ TeD:YgGbŠQ*T3gGE ]+YIKX QGbKI

(20) ‹U]:D f1D FtYb

(21) DTŒD fLgb

(22) P RGZ T€SDŒcQG]^D E Q E g)]^‹ TwbKET:D XPFGSDŽ\tQD ]^]^DŽf1P FGSInE b

(23) D s/6FD [DY[e-b

(24) DT‘D f~gGb

(25) P&RGZT‘SD‘cQG][DUEVQ’SD kGIŠF]:D FVY“SD‘gbzQT‘D FgGbŠQ*T IKFGSZgD FGS E FY^T8SD`T”D f-gb

(26) P&RGZT•SD–X&P f-foD ]^X&D`e“DQj*N+f1—Vf1DT•SIKk)IuTZ Tex’bKE’˜3™€š›N+qhœexDFY]^DžX&P f-foD ]^X D EbKIKf1D FYE IK]^DŸDY/F)P FwEb

(27) Iuf1D FVY{EtIK][D`eX&D`T$SDU]{FGI

(28) D ]T-][D`T{YE FY€gDQƒFP f-cG]:DQj xbnExqhZ SZ ]^EUY{InPF SD T~!fmg*b_P RGZ T1DY ˜E&S ]^D T sW!Dv]^¡ b

(29) DmSD`TX&Pb

(30) Tc)bnEVFGXT+QtYS‡KE QtYEVFY!g)bzQTaX D FY][E b-qhœˆ&QGDvb

(31) D`TX E Y^Z \P ]^I

(32) DTP&Q)k][I

(33) ‹ ]D TP&gtY^‹ ]:D FY¢DVF FGP fmcG]:DgP&QG]!bKEL˜3™/šwDFw£U¤ ¥¦)sW!EY][‹`T›\]^E FSDf-E:lP ]^IiY^Z€SD TD FGTD IK\FE FY^T3ZY{E FY!SD f$DQ)]Z D€EVQtYP&FGP f1DeFGP&Q*T F‡

(34) D F§gGE][bnD ]^PFT8gGE TeŸcGIKD F¨ˆ&Q!‡KI

(35) b

(36) T•]:DgG]^Z TD FY[D FY}bKE©f1PIiYI_Z’SD T•[P FGXYI_P FFEIK]:D`T”SDªb«‡K=YEUYs$O=E ]f-Iwb

(37) DT P FXY[I

(38) P FFEIK][D`Te=T:D ]P&FYS I

(39) TY[IKF \tQZTb

(40) D TaEV\GD FY^TSDmb«‡K=YEUYE Q?T:D FGTb

(41) D€gGbŠQ*Tb

(42) IKf1IiY[Z`e b

(43) D TgPTYI

(44) D ]Teb

(45) D T3gGDU]:T:P FF)D buT SD TTD ]k)InX&D`TdgQcGb

(46) IKXTb

(47) P X E Qj1DYhSDvHGEVFVY[Z e][D \][P&Qg*Z TS E FGTSD`TTY{]QGXY+Q)]^D TT[gGZ X I

(48) I

(49) ˆ&Q*D T s W!D TgG][IKFXIŠgGEVQj‰]^D T[gGPFTpE cGb

(50) D TvSDLX&D`TvSIKk)DU]:T:D`TŒX EUY[Z \GP ]^I

(51) D T/SDLX&Pb

(52) TcGbKE FGXTŒ+QG]^D FY~b«‡KIuFGIiYIKEUYIKk)D-SD`T gG][D f1I

(53) ‹U]:D T^P ][f1D`T€SD/¬€Z`TI

(54) TYE FX&DtshF?D ^D:Y^e=b

(55) D/­wEVFGIK^D TY[DLSD T®LP&QG¯&D`e f1I

(56) TE Q$gGPIuFVYdgGE&]a˜°]^I

(57) TY{InEVFoO=IzF)DUEVQ*e SDmbKE-qZ SZU][EUYI_PF?SD T!fmgb

(58) P RGZ T€D:Y¢¬P&c*D ]YW!E&X PT{YD`e SDmb

(59) ELq=Z SZ ]^EUY{InPFoSDTqPFXY{I

(60) P FFEIK]:D Te+QtYT:IŠ\ FGZmb

(61) D?£U± FGP k)D f-cG]^D‚£U¤ ¥G²³gGE]€X IKF)ˆ‰D f-gb

(62) P RGZ TmD:Y€^P FXY[I

(63) P&FFEIK]:D`TmT:Q)]b_D`TvFGDQG€XZ \)ZYI

(64) TY^D TedSP FY€˜E g)PtX X&I

(65) eh™/E¯ I_DU]/DY ´-DQGf1D RD ]eb_D`TY][PI

(66) Ta][D`Tg*P FGT:EVcGb

(67) D TSDLbKE1˜3qš¢˜|Z:YE FYDQGj*N«f1— f1DT€SD T€D f-gbnPRGZT sWdD`TF)DQGTIK\FEUYE&IK]^D TaS)D bKEL˜™všwZ:YEI

(68) D FYYP&Q*T3X P FGTI_SZU]:Z TXP f-f$D/TP XIKE&b

(69) I

(70) TYD Te)b

(71) D T]^DgG]:Z`TD FYE FY^T3SD`Tµ/X&P buTdcb

(72) DQ*Ta¶mZ:YEVFVY!˜3°GD kE&bKf1De CE&X X PQSe=HGE&InbKbKE&FY¢D:Yd·/E FGSDgQtY_Y^D s¸€F-g)]^D f1I

(73) D ]]^Z TD E Q?SDv]^Z T:I

(74) TYE FX&D/FGPF1XP f-f-Q)FGI

(75) TY[D/ZY{EIiY!E&IKFGTIX&P FGTYIiY+QZ D:YhEbKbKEIiY!TD]^D F^P ][XD ]e EVQoT:DUIuF¹SDbKEL˜™/še E QtY{PQ)]ºSD`Td\]^PQgGD TSD/µ/¬Z`TI

(76) TYE FX&DœQ)k]^I

(77) ‹ ]:D¶)s W!D³gG]^P XDTT[Q*T~SD T1bŠQtY_Y^D T~SD1Y[D FGS E FGX&D`T~E c)PQ YI

(78) TT:E FYm»bKErTpX IuTT:I

(79) P F‘+QtY€Y]^‹ T~X P f-gGE]EVcGbKD‰S EVFT~b

(80) DT SIKk)DU]:T:D`T¼X EUY[Z \Pt][I

(81) DT-SD?XP b

(82) TmcGbKE&FXTef-Ebu\][Z$XD ]YE&IKFGD T1T[gGZ X I_I

(83) X IiY^Z T¼°GI

(84) TYP ]^I

(85) ˆ&QD`TVshW!E‰][DUX PFT{YIiY+QtYI

(86) PF S‡ŠQGFD ˜™všwµ/X P FYIuFtQZ D/¶€R-+QtY=gGDQtY^N{—Y{]D3gGbŠQ*TEX I_b

(87) Daˆ&Q!‡KEIKb

(88) b

(89) DQG]T s. ½=¾¿&ÀzÁÂ:ÃÄKÅGÆ ÇÈ É&ÂUÊ:ÊÂËÇLÌ

(90) Í[ÂËUÎ&Î ÂϾÐ)ÑÒnÓ Ô ÕÖz× Øي֊Ò^ÚaÑÕÑÒº× Û ÙzÒ!Ü ÙKØ Ôt×ÒpÝ`Þ¢ßiàË áâËãzã

(91) ËÎ Ý ää å ÝVætç åè ¾.

(92) æ € &pŒ()v L u:

(93) ?(* K(_' )+'t()' V+ *( / 

(94)     [>@B@2:>@. halshs-00333079, version 1 - 22 Oct 2008. bKE~W!IŠc*Z ]^E YIKP FGebKE$TY]EUY{Z\GI_D-SD`TŒE FGX&I

(95) D FGTQFGIiYE&In][D`TŒ+QtY^e=1b‡

(96) ZkGI

(97) SD FGXD e=SDmgG]^D F)St][D-SZ ^IuFIiY[IKkGD f1D FtY. DF f-EtIuF¹bKEL˜3™š€s O=bzQT:I

(98) DQG]Tdf1Z:Y°)PSD TdcGI

(99) D F-XP FF QD`T+Q)]D FY!T[Q)X XD TT:IKkGD f$D FY=QtYI

(100) b

(101) I

(102) TZ D`T3S E FGTb

(103) D TT:RFSI_X EUY^TD:Y ^Z SZU][EUYIKP FGT

(104) /S‡KEVcGP ]Semb

(105) D|SI

(106) T:X ][Z SIiY‰SDwYP&Q*T‚XDQj ˆ&Q*I¼Fº‡KE kEI_D FVY³gGEtTrgGE]+YIKX IŠg*ZƒSDƒf-E&FGI

(107) ‹ ]D‘E&XYIKkGD|DY IKFXPFVY[D TYE c)b

(108) D€LbKEm¬Z T:I

(109) TYEVFGXD e)bKEL]:D f1I

(110) TD/D FoX EVQ*TDvSD`TTY[]QGXY+Q][D`TDj*I

(111) TYEVFY^D TgP&QG]¢SZ`TY{E cGI

(112) bKI

(113) TDU]b

(114) D TE&FXI_D FT ]^Z TDUEVQj‰SDm]^DgG]:Z`TD FYEUY{InPFe6D F[IKF?bKE1XP b

(115) bKEVcGP ]^EUY{InPF‰ZY{]^PIiY[DLEVkGD X1b

(116) D TŒf1IKFGI

(117) TY][D`T€X&P f-f-Q)FI

(118) TY[D T/D:Y^e=E gG][‹`TŒb

(119) DQ)] SZgGE]+Y^e bKE/X ][I Y{Inˆ&QDT[RGTY[Z f-EUYI

(120) ˆ&QD€SD`Tdg)Pb

(121) IiYI

(122) ˆ&QD`T›\GP&QkGD ]^F)D f1D FtYEb_D`T s W!D Tm]^Z EXY{I

(123) P FGT-SD~SZ ^D FGTD$SD`Tv\]:P&QgD`Tmqhœ©+QG]^DFY€b

(124) D FY^DTmD:Y€f-EbX PP ]:StPFFGZ DTedbKE?b

(125) Z\GIiY^IKf1IiY[Z$SD`T ]^DgG][Z`TD FYEUYI_P FGTaS=‡KE kE FYbKE-™€QDU][]^D/SD kGIKFY]^E g)InSD foD FYP c*TpPtb_‹Y[D`e=D:Yb

(126) Dmf-E&FGˆ&Q*DmSD€gDU]:TP&FFE&b

(127) IiY^Z ThlDQGF)D`T€DY S RFE&f-I

(128) ˆ&Q*D T€gP&QG]gG]^DFGS ]^D~bKEo][DUb_‹ kGD-+QtY3QF‰°EVFGSIKX E g»SZ X I

(129) TIKs IKFGT:I

(130) e!T[QG]€bKD`Tvˆ&QGEUY{]^D-^Z SZU][EUYIKP FGTmZ:Y+QGSI

(131) Z DT IKXI

(132) ehTDQGb

(133) D-X&D b

(134) b

(135) D~SD`TŒOššƒkIiY!Y[PQ YSD1T[QIiY^D-Z f1D ][\GD ]QFxE FGIKf-EUY[DQG]aSD~bKE-FGP&Q)kGD b

(136) b

(137) Dm\GZ F)ZU][EUYI

(138) PFehT:EVFGT/SP&QtY[D EIKSZ€D F-XD bKE€gGE ]dbnEkI

(139) P b

(140) D FGX&D€SD`TE Y

(141) YE&ˆQ)D`TX P f~fLQ)FGI

(142) TY[D`TX&P FY]^Db

(143) DTE FX I

(144) D FGT][D`T[gP FGT:EVcGb

(145) D T s !W E !"#%$&$'()*+%)%,$'aE kEIiY=gGP&QG]dPt][IK\GIŠFE bnIiY[Z€S‡

(146) —:Y]^D]:D`TY[Z DaEVQtYP F)P f1D€EkEVFVY bKExgG]^D f1I_‹U]:D?™€QD ]^]^DŸf1P FGSInE&b

(147) D»D:Y-SDƒ£U¤ -!£$•£U¤)-.0/:s!!bKb

(148) DŸEkE&I YvgQƒE&IzFGTIaX&P FGTD ][kGDU]mQFGD‰bKE&]\GD$Q)FGIiY[Z`e3 b‡

(149) Dj*X&Dg YI

(150) P F S‡ŠQGF)D‘g*D:YIiY[Dƒf1IKF)Pt][IiY^Z‘g)]^P X °GD|SD|bKE˜™/š¸ EVQtYP&FP f1D•SD £U¤ -.” £U¤1± e-D:Y»T ‡KIKfmg*bKEVFVY{E P ]Y[D f1D FY=gGE]{f¹Ib

(151) D TP FGXY{I

(152) P FFEIK]:D TSDab^‡K=YEUY^eStPFVY=g)]^‹ TSDabKEvf1PIiYI

(153) Z€ZY{EI

(154) D FYhSD TIKFGTY{I Y«QtY^DQG]:T s ®/‹ TbKEL[IKFoSDŸ£U¤ ¥G²e˜›°E]^b_D`T3W!E QG][D FY¢TDUX ]:Z:YEIK]^DŒ\GZ FGZ ]^Eb

(155) e OI

(156) D ]^][D›´~DQGf1D RDU]TP F1E SlPIKFYDYd¬P&cDU]+Y W!E&X PT{YD`e gGE&]YIKX IŠg‹U]:D FY$bKE1X ]:ZUE YI

(157) P&F»SD-W!IŠc*Z ]^E YI

(158) P FGNK´~P ]^S?EVkGDUX$˜°]^I

(159) TY[IKE F?OhIKFGD E Q*e=W!P&QI

(160) TmHGE&Inb_bnEVFY^e=™/EtTY{P F šD`TTpI

(161) DU]:3e 2LD F]^Ih¬aIŠcI

(162) ‹U]:D-D:YCD E&F³šDjGXI

(163) D ]Us˜›°E&]^bKD T€W!E Q)]^DFtY^e~bKELY—:YD-SD-bKE1q=ZUSZU][EUYI

(164) PF³SDT€qP FXYI_P FFEIK]:D`T SDgQIuT“£U¤²¤e+QtYY]^Z T:P ]^I_DU]mSD$W!IŠc*Z ]^E YI

(165) P FGNK´~P ]^SwD:Y/][Dg)]ZTpD FVY{E‰b

(166) D³f1PQ)kGD f1D FtYvE Qƒ˜P f-IiY^Z$FE YI

(167) P&FEtbSD?bKE ¬aZ T:I

(168) TYEVFGXDŽD F¨£U¤ ¥ 1e€´-DQGf1D RDU]»bŠQGI$T[QGX X&Z StE&FY?X&P f-foDŽ]^D T[g*PFTpE cGb

(169) DŽSD`T‚[P FSTVs€W!E QG][D FY$gGE&]YIiY$g)PQ)] W!P F)St][D`TŽD F PXYP&cG]:D £U¤¥ 1žD:YwTDŽ]D F)StIiY‚D FGT[QGIiY^D| bK\GD ]e-P&†’I_b³TpI

(170) Z \GD E•b‡ TTD f-c*b_Z D}X&P FGT[QGbiYEUY{IKkGD gG][Pk)IuTpPIK]DE QLYIiY][D€SD€bnEv¬aZ TI

(171) TYEVFXDf1ZY]^P&gPb

(172) IiYE&IzF)D`egG]:Z`TpI

(173) S E/bKEL˜P f-f1I

(174) TTI

(175) P F1S‡_ZgQ)]^EUY{InPF1DY^eE Q-g)]^IŠFY^D fmg T £U¤ ¥¥GebKE1˜Pf-f1IuTTI

(176) PF³SD`T€q=IKFE FXD T s¬P&cDU]+YW!EX PTY[DLSD kGIKFYf1D f-cG]:DmSQxXP f1IiY[ZLD jZUX Q Y^IKSDmW¢IŠcZU][EUYIKP FGN HQ)S D F £U¤¥!£UeEIŠFGT:I/ˆ&QD»SQ•˜P f1IiY[Zx\GZ FGZ ]^EbvS*‡K=Y+Q*SD`TŸDY[ea‚bKEwW!IŠcGZ ]^E YIKP FGea+Q Y-X °E]\)Z‰SD»X&P Pt]:SP&FF)DU] b‡KEXYIukGIiY^Z•SD T|TD X ]:ZYE&IK]^D TŽ\GZ FGZ ]^E Qj’Z XP FP f1I_ˆ Q*D Te~E k)E FY»S‡_—Y][D•FGPf-f1Z•f1IKFGI+TY]^D•SDbKEO=]^P S&QGXY^I_P F IKFGS&Q*T{Y]^IKD b

(177) b

(178) D eD F¼TDg Y^D f-cG][D1£U¤¥¥s W!EVQG]^DFYD:Yº´~DQGf1D RGD ]E TT:I

(179) TY‹ ]:D FY¢-bKEmgG][D f1I

(180) ‹ ]Dv]ZQ)FGIKP F?D FVY{]DvXZ \GZ:Y^I

(181) TY[D TaX&P FG[Z SZU]:Z T€D:Y!Q)FIiYEIK]:D`T D F•£U¤ ¥!£s W!D`TmX&P f-f-Q)FGI

(182) TY^D Tv]^Z XbKE&f1‹ ]^D FY€bKE$f1PIiY^I_Z1SD T-P F)STmSDobKE?˜™vš•SZY[D F Q*TŒgGE]/˜°E&]^bKD`TvW!EVQG]^D FY^e. 4 ¾$¿ÀŠÁaÂ:ÃÄuÅGÆ ÇÈ É Ê^Ê{ÂËǪÌ_Í:ÂË ÎÎ ÂÏ[¾ŒÐ Ñ|ÒnÓÔtÕ ÖK×ØÙK֊Ò^ÚѕÕÑÒ65UÛVÔt×7zÖKÛ Ô&ÔtØ Ö98ÑÒ6:<;VÒ>=?;(@ A–ÙŠØCBD;ÑE8F8ÑG58:ÛÖKÕ Ñ,H$ÅáÂUÊ[ÊÂUÊ I tÎ ÀKJ Âá^Ê{ÀŠãuËÀzáÂUÊÉ&ÂaÞÀLLKÂUÝ ä?Mä Ýçç åmè0N ÐÑÒÒnÓÔtÕ&Öz× Ø+7ŠÒaÕÑÒ5 Û Ô×7KÖzÛ Ô&ÒPOP;&ÜÙKÖQ=?;ÑÒaØ+;R"R&SÚрÒÖS ×ÙKÑUÝ T!ÂáVUÂá^ÄuÞÂFJ áËÇ+LŠãuÝ æ+W?W Ýç æ è ¾.

(183) halshs-00333079, version 1 - 22 Oct 2008. ç f EtI

(184) TŸQF)D‰Y]:Z T:P ]D ]^I_DwXPf1fmQGFGD‚FGD‘+QtY³f1I

(185) TD‘D F|gGbKEXD‘ˆ&Qº‡_D F £U¤¥¥s®/EVFTxbKE‘f1D T[QG]:D‚P†WdE QG][D FVY$DY ´-DQGf1D RD ]Fº‡KEVkE&I

(186) D FYgGE T€ZY{Z/gGE&]YI

(187) T:EVFGT€S‡

(188) DjGXbŠQG][D-b

(189) D`TŒXP f-f-Q)FGI

(190) TY[D`T€SD-bnE$˜™€š|DFƒ£U¤1¤e=bnE-][ZQFGIK^IKX EUYI_P F SD‘bKEƒqZ SZU][EUYI

(191) PF•\GZ FGZ ]^Eb_D SD`TxqhP FXYI

(192) PFFEIK]:D`Tx+QtY~gbKQtY{¡`Y³f1PIKFGT»S I

(193) [IKXIKb

(194) Dƒˆ&Qº‡KE&I

(195) bKb

(196) D QG]TVs˜3DgD FStE&FY^evbKE ­wE&I

(197) T:P&F³SD`T3qºPFXY[IKP FFEIK]:D T-£U²~]Q)D/SD-HP b

(198) ^Z ]^IuFGPe)]^DgG]^I

(199) TD/LbKEmW!IŠc*Z ]^E YI

(200) P FGe)EVcG]^IiYEmbKDL˜P f1IiY[ZLS‡KY«Q*SDmD:Y¢S)D ®/P X Q)f1D FtYEUY{I

(201) P FwZ X P FGPf1I

(202) ˆ&Q*D?D:YLTpPX IKEtb_D-gQcbKIKEFY€bKEŸFGP&QGkGD b_b

(203) DoTZU]:I

(204) D$S&QolPQ)]FEb€µ/¬Z`T:I

(205) TY{E FGX&DoP&Q)k]^I

(206) ‹ ]:D¶)s ¬aEVgGIKSD f1D FY^ehSDmF)P f-cG]^DQ*TD`TvX ]^IiYI_ˆQD T/T ‡

(207) Z b_D kG‹U]:D FYX P FY]^D-bKE1X&D FY]^E&bnI

(208) T:E YIKP F‰SD~bKE1qZ SZU][EUYIKP F?\)Z FGZU][Eb

(209) D-DY bKE»cGE YEIKbKb

(210) D»T[QG]~b

(211) D`TŸTY]Q)XY+QG]^D T$E&X I

(212) b

(213) IiYEwbKE“gG]^I

(214) T:D»D F|f¹E IŠF*T$SD»XD ]YE&IzFGT?TpRFGS I

(215) X E Y^T$D:Y-^Z SZU][EUYI

(216) PFTogGE]~StDT X P f~fLQ)FGI

(217) TY[D`T l^QTˆ&QDbKaY{]^‹ Tf1IKFGP ][I Y{EIK]:D`T s ˜D TSDU][FGI

(218) D ]T{QG]^DFY!X&P F^P ]YZ TdgGE&]!b‡KE]^][IŠkGZ D/SD­wE Q)]^IKXDš!°GP ]:D ¯ E Qžf1IKFI

(219) TY[‹U]:D|SD|bnE•q=P FXY^I_PFžgQcGb

(220) I

(221) ˆ&QDƒ•bKE•^IKF SD©£U¤ ¥G±e-D:Y‰bKE|gG][Zg)E]^E YIKP&FS&Q’TYE Y+QtYŸ\GZ FGZ ]^E&b1SDT P FXY[I

(222) P FFEIK][D`T$+Q Y1D FYI

(223) ‹ ]:D f1D FtY-X&P FY]^¡ b

(224) Z DxgGE&]1bKD T?T[RFGSInX E&b

(225) I

(226) TY[D`T$X&P f-f-Q)FI

(227) TY[D T sOE ]^E&bKb

(228) ‹Ub_D foD FY^ebKE1lDQGFD \GZ FGZ ]^E YIKP FoSD`TT:R FGSIKX E&b

(229) I

(230) TY^D T[P FXYI

(231) P FFE&IK]D TegG][P X °GD`TSDvbnE~Hq ^œ8DYdˆ&Q*IEVQG]EIKD FY!S 1g)]^D FGS ]:D€bnEm]^D b_‹ kGD`eTD ]^D:Y][PQkG‹U]:D FY^e~E g)]^‹ T‘b

(232) DQG]wE&XYIŠkGIiY^Z•S E FGTŽbKE¬aZ T:I

(233) TYEVFGXD e~SD T‚gGPTY[D TƒSD|]:D`TgGP FGT:E c)I

(234) b

(235) IiY^ZŽgGPb_I Y{I

(236) ˆ&Q*D•P Q ESf1IKFIuT{Y]^E YIŠkGD`evXPf-f1D ¬€P&cDU]+Y$W!EX PTY[D`evCD E F•­‘P FGT»P&Q™/EtT{YP F˜Q*T:IuF sW!EVQ][D FY?D:Y-´1DQGf1D R)DU]:emDQjN f1— f1DTvE cT:P ]cGZ T€g)E]€bKDQG]€][DgG]:Z TD FYE YIKP F‰$b‡ TTD f-c*b_Z D1˜aPFTQGbiYEUYIukGDmgG]^PkGI

(237) T:PIK]:D`ehEVkEI

(238) D FYEbKP ]TŒgGbŠQ*T/S)D T:P IŠjGE&FY^DX IKFGˆmE FGT s QoX&P F\]:‹`TSDŒf¹E&]T-£ ¤ ¥ e)b

(239) D€X&P f-f-QGF)IuT{Y^D€CE&X ˆQD TO]{QUlEm]^Z X bKEf-EmbnEmXPFT{YIiY+QtYI

(240) PFoSD/[Z SZ ]^EUY{InPFT SD$^PFXY[I

(241) P FFE&IK]^D T1IuFGSZg*D FGS EVFVY[D TeE Qj)ˆQD bKb

(242) D T1bKExqZ SZ ]^E YIKP FwOhPTYEbKD~gPQ)]^]^E&IiYLT ‡KETTpPtX I_DU]-S E FGT¹QF X E&]YD b IKFY[DU][^Z SZU][Eb

(243) edEbKP ]Tmˆ&Q*D~W¢D~W¢Z E g‘DY€b_D-cQG]:D E Q»kP&Q*bKE&I

(244) D FY€f-EIKFY[D FGIK]€QFGD~qºZ SZU][EUYIKP F»\GZ F)ZU][Eb

(245) D~X E gGEVcGb

(246) D1S)D EIK][D‰bKEwT[RFY+°)‹TD?E&XD?EVQj‘g*P&Qk)PIK]T¼gQcGbKI

(247) XT³DYm»bKExFGP&QGk)D b

(248) b

(249) DxSIK]^D XYI

(250) PF SD‰bKE»qPFXY[IKP FwgQc*b_I

(251) ˆ&Q*D s!¸vF X P f-gG][P f1I

(252) T”+QtYƒ[IKFEb

(253) D f1D FtY‚Y]^P&Q)kGZ exEk)DUX©bKE’X ]:Z EUYI

(254) PF¨S‡ŠQF)D’¸€F)I

(255) P F ™mZ FGZU][Eb

(256) D©SD T•qhZ SZ ]^E YI

(257) P&FGTžSD qP&FGXY{I

(258) P FFEIK]:D T]^D \][PQgGE FYSD€f-E&FGI

(259) ‹ ]^Dg*bŠQ*T3 b X °)D/b

(260) D TaSI

(261) ^Z ]^D FY[D`T3^Z SZ ]^E YI

(262) P FGTX&P FGTYIiY+QtY{IKkGD Te)LbKEvgGbKEX&D/SD b‡KE FGX I_D FFGDxq™/qs!Wa‡ŠE cGP&FF)D f1D FtYm»bnE?Y{]^‹ T1IŠFGbŠQD FY^ D 3,

(263)  $ $' )*+) ,$'`e›FE \ QG‹ ]DxS IK]^IK\GZ DŸgGE&] ¬aP&cDU]+YhW!EX PTY{D`eSD kGIKFYhE&X QGbiYEUYIKs ˜°E][b

(264) D TW!E QG][DFY^e  \)ZSDTPIŠjGE FY[D`NTDg YhE FGTe+QtYh]^D fmg*bKE&XZaEVQoT:D X ]Z:YE&]^IKEUY \GZ FGZ ]^E&b-gGE&] bnE&IKF–WD|W¢Z E g ˆ&Q*I

(265) e3l^QTˆ&QD}bKte¹gGE ]Y{InX IŠgGE&IiY‰EVQƒlP&QG]{FEt0 b ,*$+E ,$³TQGX XD TTD QG]»SD &'  '<9*$+, E$‰D F‘SZ XD f-cG][Dƒ£U¤ ¥)±shW!D$W¢Z E gƒSD k)IKFY/EIuFTpIab‡ŠQGF‘SD T-g)]^IŠFGXIŠgGEVQj IuFVY[D ]^bKPX QtY[DQ)]T-S)D ­wEVQ]^IKXDmš!°P ]:DU¯1TQG]ab

(266) D TY][EIiYD f1D FY^Te=b

(267) Dm]:DUX&bKEtTT:D f1D F YaD:Yab_D¹TY{EUY+QtY3StD T€[P FXYI

(268) P FFE&In]:D T s)hF/l[Q*I

(269) bKb

(270) D:Y-£U¤¥ e=bKE SIK]^D XY{I

(271) P FoSDb[‡

(272) ¸€™/qqx]^D +Q*T:EmS D/T[Q*Iuk][D/b

(273) D T[Z SZU][EUYIKP FGTSDT3qIŠFE FXD TDYSD Tš]E kE Qj1gQc)bnIKXTe)EVkPt][E cGb_D`T3 qºœveˆ&QGITP&Q°E IiYEI_D FVYhbKEv\]^‹ kGD s [b)R1DQ YhEb

(274) P ]TSD Qj-g*P ]+YD`N«gGE][P bnDvSD`T[P FXY^I_P F FE IK]^D T

(275) &W¢D€WZUEVgoD:Yhb

(276) DcQG]^D E Q SD/b‡_¸™vqqºe)S DgbzQTD F-gbzQTgG][PtX °)DTSD/bKE€YD FGS E FX&Dq=]^E X °GPF1LbKE-˜™€š›eD:Y!OI_DU][]^D´-DQGf1D RDU]dgG][Z`TI

(277) S E FY!b+D X E]+YD bºSDTmHGD ]kGI_XD TgQcGb_InXTehDFŸf¹E:lP ]^IiY[Z/gP&QG]aq=P ]^X D-œQGk][I

(278) ‹U]:D s˜DmX E]Y{D b\]:P&QgGE&I Y3b

(279) D`TŒ^P FXY[InPFFEIK]:D`TvSD b‡KYE Y^e)bKD`TŒH*D ]k)InX&D`T›gQcb

(280) IKXTDYSDmHGEVFY^Z e)b

(281) D TOšš¢e)bKD TšE cGE&XTD:Y b

(282) bŠQ)f1DY

(283) Y[D`T3EIKFGT:I=ˆQD/b

(284) D Tš]^EVkEIKbKb

(285) D QG]T3SD b‡KYE Y^eP&Qk][I

(286) DU]:TSD TE ]T:D FE Qjºs gG]:‹ Tab_DLSZgGE&]YSD Tf1IKFI

(287) TY]^D TXP f~f-QFGI

(288) TY[D`TŒSQ$\GP&Q)kGD ]^F)D f1D FtY^e=DF$f-E Ia£U¤ ¥ .ebKE/YD FS E&FX&D/qhP ]^XD œQk][I

(289) ‹U]:DƒSD kGIKFY$gbŠQ*TwT:P&QX I

(290) D Q*TDƒSD T‚XP FY][EIŠFY^D T“\GP&QGkGD ]F)D foD FYEb_DTwD:Y‰TV‡

(291) P&ggPTpE}EVQj–][DkGD F)SI

(292) X EUY{InPFT ]^ZgZYIiY[IKkGD TSD€°E Q*TT:D/SD T!Y][EIiY[D f1D FVY[TEb_IKf1D FYE&FVYdb‡

(293) IKF^bKE YI

(294) P Fs W!D€¥$SZ XD f-c)]^D eb‡

(295) ¸€™/q=q‰SZ X I_StEvQF1E&]^]^—:Y!S)D Y]EVkE&IKbSD€¥¦m°GDQG]:D`TeT[QG]dg][P&gGPT:IiY^I

(296) PFoS‡ S ][I

(297) D F1W!E k)DU][\FGDvDYSD/bKEmq´~e)D FoT:P&QtY^I_D F1E Qj$IKFGTYIiY+QtY[DQ)]TSD/bKE h¾Þ áËÎ ›!Ì ÂÆ Vá U&ÂUÊÏ[¾ÐGÑÒº#Ñ " O%$,8:ÖzÑÔt×ÑÒhÒnÓ Ô ÕÖz× ØيÑÒhÑ'Ô & 8:Ø Ô× Ñ¢Õ Ñ ()+*,(A-()+.,`0Ý /2Ç 1 ÀKÂáÝ ä3 WÝ è ¾ +æ W ¾.

(298) halshs-00333079, version 1 - 22 Oct 2008. ^] Z \I

(299) PF-gGE][IuTpI

(300) D FFGDmˆ&Q*I

(301) e)S‡KE&Inb_b

(302) DQ)]Te)SZ X&IKS‹U]:D FYSD/]:DgG]^D FGS]^D/b

(303) DY][E kEIKb Q³X E&]YD bhSD T€HDU]{kGIKXD T3gQcGb

(304) IKXTe)bKE \]:‹kGDE kE IiYhZY[Za][DgP&Q*TTZ DgGE&]!bKD`TT:IŠj1[Z SZU][EUYIKP FGTqhœhDY=kGP Y[Z DgGE&]!X D b

(305) b

(306) D TSD€bnEYD FGS E FXDq][EX °P F:s W!D T”SIŠkGD ]^\)D FGXD TT[Q)]}bKD Tˆ&QD`T{YI

(307) P FGT•X&P ]gGP ]^E YIŠkGD TD:Y}TQG]}bKD T8f1P RGD FGT•SDªEIK]^DžE c)PQ Y^IK]|b

(308) D`T ]^D k)D FGS I

(309) X EUYIKP FGT$Z:YE&I

(310) D FY-SP FX»X bKE In][D`TeaT:EVQGLX °)D ¯‰b

(311) DT³D FTD IK\FEVFVY[T s b_Pt]:T~ˆQD1´~D QGf1D R)DU]~ZYE&IiYL[P ]YD f1D FtY IKfmg*b_I

(312) ˆ&Q*Z‘S E FGT»bKEwY{D FGS EFX&DwqhP ]^XD‘œQ)k][I

(313) ‹ ]D em˜°E][bnD T»WdE QG][DFY$]^D +Q*T:E|SD‚]D XPFFE KY]^D‘bKE}T:X I

(314) TTI

(315) P Fˆ&QI SZ:Y]Q)IuTpEIiY€b‡ŠQGFIiY^Z$SD~b‡KE FGX&I

(316) D FFGD-q=™/qºe6f¹E&IKFY^D F QD1X P FY]:D¼kGD FY^TmDYŒf¹E&]^Z D T-SDgQGI

(317) Tx£U¤²¤sW!D TmX b

(318) IKkEV\GDTLTD IK]:D FVYŸD F–P F)XYI

(319) P FžSD`TrgG]^Z [ZU]:D FXD T‚SD‘XD ]YE&IKFGT»][D`T[gP FGT:EVcGb

(320) D TemP&QD F–TQ*IKkEVFVYŸSDT»b_P \GI

(321) ˆ&QD`TrgGPb

(322) IiYI

(323) X&PN ESf1IKFIuT{Y]^E YIŠkGD`TvSZl:1EVFGX I

(324) D FF)DTe=XP f-f1D-EVQj‰qhIŠFE&FXD T shH)IhbnE~^Z SZ ]^E YI

(325) P FxSD`TvqIuFEVFXD TmZYE&IiY!Y^D F QDmgGE]bKE YD FGS EVFX&D qhœ/eTpD`T TpRFGSIKX EUY[T X PFT{YIiY+QtY[In^T ZYE&I

(326) D FYªg*bŠQ*T gGE&]Y+E \Z T

(327) }b_DT¨TRFGSIKX EUY[T S&Q š]^Z TP ]e8SD b‡K!F][D \GI

(328) TY]^D f1D F Y^exSD T•®mPQ)E FGD TTZ SD FYEIK]:D T•EIŠFGTI»ˆQD b

(329) D T•X E&S ]D T•SD`T”˜aPFVY{]^IŠcQtYI_PFGT”SIK]^D XY[D T TD gG][PF)P

(330) F E FYTDQ*b

(331) TŒg*P&QG]€XD:Y

(332) YD~P&gtY^I_P Fs Qjr®mP&QGE F)D`TvEXY[IKkGD Te=QF)D1f-E:l:Pt][IiY^Z~]^D bKEUYIukGD-kGP YE~gGP&QG]€][D`TY{DU]€$bKE ˜™vš¢ehbKD-gGbŠQ*Tv\][E FGSŸFGP fmcG]:D-EX X&D gtYE FY€SD1TD1X&P F^P ][f1D ]€obKE$SZ XI

(333) T:I

(334) PFrˆ&QI¢b‡

(335) D f-gP ]Y[DU][EIiYs6F‰]^D kE F)X °GD e gGP&QG]!X PFTD ]^k)DU]¢TpP FLQ)FGIiY[ZaXP ]{gGP ]^EUY{Izk)D/DY!TD T €QGk]:D TTP XI_EbKD`Te)b

(336) DTpRFGS I

(337) X E YhSD`T˜P FY][IŠcQtYI

(338) PFTIuFGSIK]^D XY[D`TTD ]^D:YIK]^E-S EVFT3QF)DLTD f1I+N+E QtYP&FGPf1I

(339) DeYP&QtYD F$]D TYEVFY¢-b‡K¸€™mqqeD:YdFGD/][DlPIK\FIiYbKE1˜™/šƒP IKXI_D b

(340) b

(341) D f1D FtYˆ&Qº‡

(342) DVF £U¤ ¥)¤s)W!D¹TRtF)SIKX EUYS&Qr˜3ES EtTY+][DLX °GPIuTpI Y3E Q*TTpIºb‡KEVQtYP FP f$I

(343) D`eºf¹E&IuTFGDL][D kGIKFYˆ&QD/cI

(344) D F$gGbŠQ*TYE&]^S~1bKE1˜™€š€s Qj‰š]E kE Qj?gQcGbKIKXTe=b

(345) D T/IŠF\)Z FGI

(346) D QG]:T€DY3b

(347) D`Tg*D ]TP&FFGD b

(348) T/E&S f1IKFI

(349) TY][EUYIK^T/T[Q)Izk)In]:D FY¬P \GD ]aW!EVgGDR]:Dm1qP ][XD œQk][I

(350) ‹U]:D e~EbKP ]T‘ˆ&QD}b

(351) D T‘EV\GD FY^TƒSD Y][E kE Qj*e-S P FY»b

(352) D TŽ]^D T[gGP FGT:EVcGb

(353) D TƒZ:YEI_D FVYrgGP&QG]YEVFYwT:P X IKEtbKI

(354) TY[D`TeoTD gG][PF)P FX‹ ]D FYvr±  gGP&QG]mbKEr˜3™š€s bKE‰q=ZUSZU][EUYI

(355) PFwSD?b‡KES f1IuFGI

(356) TY]^E YIKP Fw\)Z FGZU][Eb

(357) D eb

(358) D TmgDU]:T:P FF)D buT~SDT gG][ZU[DUXY+Q)]D TmX °)PI

(359) T:IK]D FY€qhœ/e!ŸbnEŸqºZ SZU][EUYIKP F IK]:N+™€Q*D ]^][DN+­wE&]^IŠFGD e!b

(360) D TmgD ]T:P FFGD b

(361) TmEtSf1IKFGI

(362) TY][EYIK^T-P&gtY[‹U][D FVY gGP&QG]qºœ•Y+E FSI

(363) Tvˆ&Q*Dmb

(364) DTY[DUXV°FI

(365) XI_D FTŒ]^D TYEI_D FVY31bKEo˜3™šŽE kD X-b

(366) DT€P&Q)k][I

(367) D ]T s)W!E~qZ SZU][EUYIKP FxSD`TŒ¬D:Y][EIiYZ Te E FIKf1Z DvgGE&]b«‡_IŠFT{Y^IiY+QtY{DQG]WP&QGI

(368)  T aP&QGbKEVF\GD ]eSD foD QG][E-IzF)SZgD FGS E&FY^DmDYX&P FGTD ]kE1SD`T]^D bKE YI

(369) P FGTE kGD X€YP&QtY[D`T b

(370) D T€Y^D FS E&FXD T sWD TvgGPbKI

(371) X I

(372) D ]TmEVkE&I

(373) D FY^edStEVFGTmb

(374) D QG]€f-E^lP ][I Y[Z e!][DY][P&QGkGZ~b

(375) D QG]/EVQtYP&FP f1I

(376) D?S‹`Tx£U¤¥ .sh˜°DU¯Ÿb

(377) D`T D FGTD Iu\FE FY^T]^D TY[Z`TE Q YP FGP f1D Te=ˆ&Q*D b_ˆQD TaIuFGSIKkI

(378) S&QGE&b

(379) IiY^Z TeX Pf1f1DmOI

(380) D ]^][D/™/Eb_P FGIhP&Q³­‚E QG][IKX D/­wE T:X ]^I

(381) D ]e SD b‡

(382) D FGTD IK\FGD f1D FtY=Y^D X °FGI

(383) ˆ&Q*D e)]:DlPIK\FGIK][D FVYdqºœ/e)E&bKPt]:Tˆ&QDLbKEmf-E^lP ]^IiY[Z/SD TXD FY]^D TS‡KE ggG]^DFY^I

(384) TT:EV\GD€Eb

(385) bKE&I YdLbKE ˜™všastœF¼T[EIiYhˆ&QGD el[Q*Tˆ&Qº‡

(386) D F»£U¤±¥Ge QFD€S P&Qcb

(387) DaEVggGE]

(388) Y{D FEVFXDa+Q YhES f1I

(389) TDD FY][DabKE/q=´žDYhbKEL˜3™€š»PQ1qhœ-s  '  exbKD T•bŠQtY

(390) Y[D T•SD•Y[D FGS E FGX&D`T8E kEI

(391) D FY‚YP&Q`lP&QG]:T•Z:Y^Z”gGbŠQ*T  gG][D`T8ˆ&Q*DžX °)D ¯ b

(392) D T•E Q Y]^D T P FXY[I

(393) P FFEIK][D`T|SDžb‡KYE Y^e~gQ)IuTpˆQDSD Qj [Z SZ ]^EUY{I

(394) P FGT•˜™/š D:Y‘˜™/š¸ T ‡_ZYE&I

(395) D FYwE&]^P FY[Z D`TŽE&kE FY‘bKE ]^ZQFGIK[InX E YI

(396) P FxSD‰£ ¤ 1s gG]^‹ TvbnE$T:IŠ\FEUY+Q)]^D-S&Q‰OE&XYDv\GDU][f-E&FGPNTP kI

(397) ZY{I

(398) ˆ&Q*D-D Fƒ£U¤ 1¤e=bnEmYD FGS E F)XDvgGEX IK^I

(399) TY[D µ¼HRFGS I

(400) X E Y^T¶xE kE&I YmZ kGIuFX&Z?b

(401) D T~XP f-f-Q)FGI

(402) TY[D`T~T:E FGT¼f1Z F*EV\GD f1D FYsh®mDQjƒ[Z SZU][EUYIKP FGT~XbKEVFGSD TYIKFGD T~kIK]:D FVY EIŠFGTIb

(403) D!lPQ)]aT:P&Q*T3·LIKX °R

(404) )b«‡ŠQ)FGD/X&P FGTYIiY+QZ DLSZ IKFGIiYIKkGD f$D FYLšP&QGb

(405) P&FGeT:P&Q*TbKEmgG][Z`T:I_SD FGXDmSD-H)EIKb

(406) bKE FY^e*gGE ] b

(407) D T?EVFXI

(408) D FGTŸXP FG[Z SZ ]Z Te/˜3P&Q\FGD FGXeŒ­wEUY«°Z e€q=]^P&FYR•DY$­‚P ]^D E  Q €b«‡KEVQtY][D»SIK]^IK\GZ Dxg)E]$b‡KE FXI

(409) D FŽQGFGIiYE&IK]^D df-f¹E&F Q*D b=qb

(410) DQG]{R³E TT:I

(411) TYZ-SD/W¢Z PF³®vIK\EUY^e E FXI

(412) D F$XP F[ZSZ ]:ZtsW!E-]^ZQGFI

(413) I_X EUYIKP F?F)D/+QtYl:E&f¹E&I

(414) T€D ^D XYIukGD-DY b

(415) D TD j*N_Q)FIiYEIK]:D`Tdg)]^IK]^D FY!b_D QG]!]^D kEVFXV°GD€/bKE/WIzcZ ]^EUY{InP F :s¸ŒF1XP f1IiY[ZSD€\GZ ]^E FX&Dag)]^IiY!D F~f¹E&IKF1bKE/^Z SZ ]^E YI

(416) PF ¾ É áËãnÀKÆ ÎÊÉÂU!Ê )ÀnÎ&ËÎÂUÊ[Ý)ÉÂUÊ "=áË>J ËÇ$# è Ç21)LKÀ UÊÂ:ã%"áËÎÊ è Æ á+ãÊ^Ý /Àzá^Ä!dÇtÂ:á+áÂUÄ'&³ËáÀŠÎt Ý=¿ÂáJ À ÂUÊ è Ç21)LKÀ UÊÂ:ã¿Ë Îã(Ý Ë#1 ËUÊ=Â:ã/LQLŠÇâ/Âpãnã

(417) ÂUÊ[Ý Ë ÀzÎÊ+À) Ç Â(LŠË $*,+Ý-)VÇÀtËLQLKË Àiã.&ËÎ)UÂ:áÉ& è ÆÊ{Àzã

(418) ÀKÆ Î)¾ / 0 ¾ 1É áËpãuÀKÆ ÎÊÉ& L2ß * Æ Î Æ â/ÀKÂ!ÎËpãuÀKÆ Î&Ë LKÂUÝVÉ Lß /Éâ€ÀzÎ À

(419) Ê_ãnáË:ã

(420) ÀKÆ Î U-Îá+Ë LKÂUÝVÉÂUÊ Å"3"~Â:ãGÉ Ê3"áËJ ËUÀ9L LKÂ:Çá^Ê ÉÂDLß *ãKËã+¾ 4h6 ¾ 56Æ Î ãnáËÀzáÂâ/Â:Î&

(421) ã 7!ÞÂd8Þ Ë è ) ÇÀ áÂâ è LK:Ë 9Ë¢Í[Æ $Ç .&ËÇ #;7DLzËd'ã <pãuÂÉ LzË;5 !"$ÂÎ>=[ËÎJ ÀnÂá ä-)M ¾ ?h, ¾ T!ÂVá U&Æ ÇtÎ&ÀnÆ Ç #/ Ì /LŠËUÀŠÎÏ[¾ &hÛ 8:×UAÑ @D;-B8^Ö S,8:ÑUÝ ¿&Â:ÇtÀ LnÝ ä:C 3 ÝVæ 3Dè ¾UÂpã &hÛ 8:×UAÑ @D;-B89Ö S,8:ÑUÝVÅ I Ý :ä?M æ Ý æ M3è ¾ ".  .

(422) halshs-00333079, version 1 - 22 Oct 2008. 3 D:Y!f1IiYD F-gGbKEX&D€SD`TT:RFGS I

(423) X EUY^T›QFIKˆQDTe)X P f-f1DmS E FGTb[‡KE FGX I

(424) D FFGD€^Z SZ ]^E YI

(425) P F-QF)I Y{EIK]^D s ­wE Y+°Z`e˜3PQ)\FGD FXmDY q][P&FVY«R¹+QG]:D FY!D fmgG][IuTP FF)Z`T3DYdS*‡KEVQtY][D`TX&P F^Z SZ ]:Z`T3ZgQ)]ZTTpE FGTdgG]^DQkGDE kGZ ]:Z D/SDb

(426) D QG]!X Pb_bnEVcGP ]^E YIKP F[s Q SZcQtYS‡KE&P  YL£ ¤ ¥ e*QFoX&P f1IzY[Z/FEUY{I

(427) P&FE bhSDv\]^‹ kGDm]^ZQGF)I Y3bnEmg)bzQgGE]+Y¢S D T€P&ggPTpE FY^T-bKE-f-E^lP ]^IiY[Z/^Z SZU][Eb

(428) D e SZ X I

(429) SZ D/L]:DgG]^D F)St]:D/b_DaY]^EVkEIKbs˜P FY][EIK]^D f1D FYLX&DU]+YEIŠFGT€T:PX IKEb_IuT{Y^D Te)XPf-foD/®mP f1IKFGI_ˆQD/™/][IKf-Eb

(430) SI=DYb

(431) D`T E f1I

(432) T€S D 

(433) ) *#!ˆ&QGI=kGP&Q*bKEI_D FVY3]^D TY^D ]a~bKE1˜™€š¢e=bKD`Tg)bzQTFGP f-cG][DQj*e=E kGD X1˜EVf1I

(434) b

(435) b

(436) Dm­wP&QG]{\tQ‹ Te ˆ&Q*IiY

(437) Y{‹U]:D FY»bKE•qZ SZ ]^E YIKP FgPTYE&b

(438) D}D:Y»X ][Z ‹U]:D FYŸQGF ˜aPf1I Y[Z|S*‡ XYI

(439) PFTpRFGS I

(440) X Eb_IuT{YD•D F SZ XD f-cG][D £U¤ ¥ e Y]EVFTpPt][f1Z/D F-qhZ SZ ]^EUY{InPFoHRFGSIKX Eb_IuT{Y^DE QtYPFGP f1D/SD TOhš!šwDFal[Q*I_bnb_DYv£U¤ ¥ .eS E FGTbKEvf1P&QkEFX&DSDqhœ-s&hF FGP k)D f-cG]^D ehb

(441) D T/E&f1I

(442) TvSQ1l:P&QG][FE b 

(443) )"   *#P&FGS‹ ]D FY3QFGD-[Z SZU][EUYI_P F‰IKFGSZgD FGS E&FVY[D1TD-]^Z XbKE&f¹EVFVY Z \Eb

(444) D f$D FYaSDvqºœ-sW¢D T€SD Qj1Y[D FGS E FXDT€TDL][ZQ)FGIK]^D FY^e=D F?E k][Inb€£U¤¥¦teS E&FGT€bKE-qZ SZ ]^E YIKP F‰T[RFGSInX E&b

(445) I

(446) TY[DLSDT š!][E kEIKbKb

(447) DQG]T‘SDT‘Oš!šN+qºœ¼sLWhEž˜™€š X P&FGTDU]{kEžbKE”f¹E[lP ]^IiY[Z•SD`T g*PTYI_DU]:Te$T[QG]Y{PQ Y»S E FGTƒb_D`TƒTD ]kGIKXDT YD X °F)I

(448) ˆ&Q*D TeEbKP ]Tˆ&Q*Db

(449) D TE \GD FY^TP&gtYE&I

(450) D FY=gGP&QG]!q=Pt][X DœQk][I

(451) ‹ ]D s  #  )6$'

(452) $#+*$' 

(453) #*'&$+ $ e\][P&Qg*EVFYh/bKE/P IuT3b

(454) D Tdg*D ]T:PFFGD b

(455) TX&P f-f-QGFEVQj D:Y/°)PTgGIiYEb

(456) I_DU]:TebKD`T¼XP f-f-Q)FGI

(457) TY[D`T¼+QG]^D FYmDj)XbŠQ*T~D F£U¤ 1¤“DYvXP FGTY{I Y«Q*‹ ]^D FY€Q)F T[RF)SIKX EUY/IKb

(458) b_Z \E&b

(459) ef-EI

(460) T-b

(461) DT E FX I

(462) D FGT¼XZ \GZ:Y^I

(463) TY[D Tmf-E^lP ]^IiYE&IK]^D Tmf-EtIŠFY[IKF]^D FY/b

(464) DQG]/P ]{\EVFGIT:E YIKP&F‰gG][P^D TT:I_P FFGD b

(465) b_D-gD FGS E FYY^P&QtY[D1bKE$\ QDU][]^D e X E]bKD`T€EV\GD FY^TFº‡_ZY{EI

(466) D FYgGE TYP&Q*T€X PFTI

(467) SZ ]:Z`TŒXP f-f1D-[P FXY^I

(468) PFtFE IK]^D T s)W¢D TgG][IŠFGX IŠgGE QjxSIK]^IK\GD E FY^TvSDmXD:Y

(469) Y:D ^Z SZU][EUYIKP F‚gGE]+YIKX Izg‹ ]DFYmE Qjƒf1P&Qk)D foD FY^T$SDŸ]Z T:I

(470) TYEVFGXD eE&IKFGT:Ia™mD P ][\GD`T P FFEXxf1P ]YmD FƒSZg*P ]+YEUYIKP FGe ¬aEVR f1P FG S P f¹E&bh+QtY+QG]€T:D X ]^Z:YEIK]:Dv\GZ FGZ ]^EbdSD-bKE1qZ SZU][EUY+I

(471) P F?SD TmHDU]{kGIKXDTgQcGb

(472) IKXTvDYSD$HGE FYZ-˜™všƒgQ)IuT qºœve)DYdWhQGX I

(473) D F1CEVREUY!ˆ&QI)gG]^Z TI

(474) S ELbKEmXP f-f1I

(475) TTI

(476) P F$SD€]D XPFT{YIiY+QtYI

(477) PFoSD TPt]{\EFI

(478) T:E YI

(479) P FGTaTRFGSIKX Eb_D`TD F £ ¤ ¥G±e D Fw]^D f-gbKEX&D f1D FVYmSD$˜EVgGP XX IaSZ f1IuTTI

(480) PFFEIK]^D sº˜D TmE FGX&I

(481) D FGT-X P F)^Z SZ ]:Z`TmEVkE&I

(482) D FY€gG][I

(483) TmXP FYE&XY^e!D F£ ¤ ¥ 1e E k)DUX~b

(484) D`TvXPf-f-QGFGI

(485) TY[D T/SD~b‡KE FXI

(486) D FFGD-qhZ SZU][EUYIKP F»D:Y]:DU[I

(487) ]^D FYb^‡ŠQ)FIiY^Z-~bnE~W¢IŠcZU][EUYIKP Fs)­wE&I

(488) T/b

(489) D TY[D FGS E&FX&D`T Dj N_QF)I Y{EIK]^D~DYqhPt][XD1œQk][I

(490) ‹ ]D1TV‡

(491) P&ggPT‹ ]D FYX P FGTYE&f-f1D FY=l[Q*Tˆ&Qº‡KEVQjx\]:‹ kGD TvSD~FPkGD f-cG]:D1D:Y€SZ XD f-cG]:D £U¤ ¥ .s W!D€f-EIKFY[I

(492) D F1-bKE¹˜3™/š‘+QtYhkP Y[Zag)E]m££kPIŠj?XP&FY]^D¼¦/gGP&QG]qºœ”D:Y¢±-EVc*TYD FYI_P FGT s WhQGX&I

(493) D F1CE RE Y!P&gtYE gGP&QG]!bKEL˜3™€š¢eS P FYhI

(494) b)SD kGIuFVY!TpD X ]^Z:YEIK]:DaX&P F^Z SZ ]^E&bueD:Yh+QtYhDjX bŠQoSDbKE-HGq ^œ-sWdD`TD ^D XY[IK^TSD€bnEvqZ SZU][EUYI_P F +QG][D FVYSIukGI

(495) TZ TmgGDQ$gG][‹`T~Z \E&bKI Y[Z ef-E I

(496) TaI_buT3cGE&I

(497) TT‹ ]^D FYX PFTI

(498) SZ ]^EVcGb

(499) D f1D FYE gG][‹`TbKE1T:X&IuTT:I

(500) P FGeEVQ*TT:I cGI

(501) D F$ bKEL˜™€š‚ˆQh‡Kqhœ-s hFw£ ¤ 1¤e)bKE & ) $'  #"'EVkEIiY!X&D`TTZY^P&QtY[D/X Pb_bnEVcGP ]^E YIKP F1E kGD XvXD Qj?SD/bKE€YD FGS E F)XD QFGIiYE&IK]^Dƒˆ&QI-F‡KE kEI_D FVY³gGEtT“XP&FGS E&f-FGZƒb

(502) D gGEXYD \GDU][f$E FPNTP k)I

(503) ZY[I

(504) ˆ&QDtsmH)P F–TD X ]:ZY{EIK]^D‘\)Z FGZU][Eb

(505) e-œ€][D`TY[D ˜EVgGP X X I

(506) eZ:YEIiYmSD-Y]^E&S I Y[IKP F»gGE&XIK^I

(507) TY[D$f-EtI

(508) T¹Fº‡KE gg)E ]YDFEIzYŒgGbŠQ*T-xbKEoYD F)StEVFXD»µ-HRFGS I

(509) X EUY[T¶GshO=DF)StEVFYLbKE \ Q*D ]^][D`e6bnE$q=Z SZU][EUYIKP FxXP FGTDU]{kE~QF)D-XD ]YE&IKFGD-EXY{IKkI Y[Z ehFGP YE&f-f1D FY€S E FGTvb

(510) DT€c)E Fˆ&Q*D Te6f¹E&IuTv]^D +QT:E$S*‡_—Y{]^D IKFY[Z \][Z D1S E FGTmb‡

(511) P ]{\EVFGI

(512) T:EUY{I

(513) P F‰SD~bKEoX °E&]YD~SQ?Y][E kEIKbsœ€]D TY[D1˜E g)PtX X&I

(514) e bŠc*D ]Y™/E&¯ I

(515) DU]€b

(516) D1TD X ]Z:YE&In][D1SD~bKE gQGI

(517) TTpE FY^DvX °E&fLcG][DLTpRFSIKX Etb_D€gGE][I

(518) T:I

(519) D FFGDmSD T!fmg*b_P RGZ Te bK][D S1WD f¹E IK]:D/SI

(520) T[gGE&]Q$gGDFGS EFYbKE-¬aZ T:I

(521) TYEVFGXD e D:Y¹˜›°]^I

(522) TY[InEVF O=IKFGD E Q*eT:D X ]^Z:YEIK]:D?S&Q}T:RFGSIKX EUYmSD T~X EtS ][D`T$D:Y€Y^D X °FGIKXI

(523) D FGT$SDxbKE E FGˆ&QD?E kE&FYmbnEx\ QDU][]^D e gGE&]

(524) YIKX Izg‹ ]D FY€EVQ ˜P f-IiY^Z$S‡KY+QSD T-Z XP&FGPf1I

(525) ˆ QD`T¼DY/T[RFGSIKX Eb

(526) D T-ˆ&QI!gQcGb

(527) IKE?b

(528) D~­wEVFI_^D TY^D$SD Tm®mPQ)¯D sº˜D X P f1IiY[ZEVkEIiY=QFGD/DjIuT{Y^DFGXD€TD f1Ib_Z \E b

(529) D€D:Y!TD]^ZQGF)I YhXV°GD ¯L˜›°][I

(530) TYIKE F-OIKF)DUEVQ-gQGI

(531) TE QoT:I_‹ \GD€SD€bnEvqZ SZ ]^E YIKP F ! ¾ I Î. À

(532) Ê_ãuÆ áÀ ) Ç ÂÉÂLzË ÉáËãnÀKÆ ÎvÅGÆÊ+ã

(533) ËLKÂUÝ&ÉÂ

(534) À .`È &7 LKËaÊ ÀuÊ[ÊÀKÆ ÎÝ&ËA:ã( è Ç21)LKÀ ÂÎ+Â:ÇtÀLLKÂ:ã

(535) Æ Î è ËávÒnÓÔtÕ&Öz× Ø ÙKÖzÒ7zÑ & @»É& ääDC 7æ+W+W?W ¾.

(536) halshs-00333079, version 1 - 22 Oct 2008. å SD TdfLgb

(537) P R)Z`Te)XV°E]\Z DmSDgQcGb_I

(538) DU]T:P FQb

(539) b

(540) D:YIKF:s ®/D TX P FYE&XY^TEVkD X/b

(541) D TE F)X I

(542) D FGTQ)FGIiYEIK]^D TDQ)]D FYdb

(543) I

(544) DQ³DVF £U¤ ¥d£aD:Y/£U¤ ¥ -GeFP`Y{Ef-f1D FYdEk)DUX/­‚E][X DUEVQ*e)EbKP ]T3ˆQD€OI

(545) D ]^][D€®LD bKP FGe)b

(546) DLTD X ]Z:YE&In][D€ESlPIzFYSD/bKEmqZ SZ ]^E YIKP FGe P ]\E F)IuTpEIiY$b

(547) D TxqšO–S EVFTxb_D‰´-P ]:SsaW!D‘±|f-EIx£U¤ ¥ 1e/bKEƒ˜™/š©]^ZQ)FI_I

(548) Z D‘SZT:IK\FEƒX IuFGˆ}][Dg)]Z TD FVY{E FY^Tx b‡ TTD f-cGb

(549) Z D/X&P&FTQ*biYE YIŠkGD/S‡ bu\GDU]:eSP FY bŠcDU]+Yh™/E¯ I

(550) D ]DYh™/D P ]\GD T QI

(551) TTPFeE FX&I

(552) D F¼TD X ]^Z:YE&In]:D\GZ FGZ ]^E&bSD bKE/qZ SZ ]^E YI

(553) P&F1SD T!fmg*b_P RGZ TSD1£U¤ -G²m?£U)¤ -)¤teˆQ)I)f1PQ)]QtYhDFr£ ¤ ¥ s gG]:‹ T/bKE$W!IŠc*Z ]^E YIKP FGehb

(554) D T/bŠQtY_Y^D T/SD/Y^D FGS EVFGXD TLTV‡KE kIKkG‹ ]:D FtYaD FY][D-b

(555) D T/EVFGX I

(556) D F*TŒQFGIiYE&In][D`TmSDmgGbŠQ*TmD F gGbŠQ*TŽFGPf-cG]^DQj¨D:Yƒb_D`T|EVFX&I

(557) D FGT|XP F[Z SZU]:Z T•SDžbKE q=Z SZU][EUYIKP FGeŸSP FY‘b

(558) D TDUX ]:Z:YEIK]^D”\GZ F)ZU][Eb»˜E g)PtX X&I E ggGE ]

(559) YD FEIiYEVQj?\]^P&QgGD T€qhœ/e f¹E&IuTvSDQj‰SD-TD`Tg)]^IKFXIŠgE QjxX ES ]^D T€SDmbKE-FGP&Q)kGD b

(560) b

(561) Dm\GZ F)ZU][EUYIKP FGe=OIŠFGD E Q»DY ™/E&¯ I

(562) DU]:e=ZYE&I

(563) D FYSD kGD FQ*T€f1IuFI

(564) TY{]^D T/D:YaSZgQ Y^Z T/T:PX&IKEbKI

(565) TY^DTVsGqE&X DL$˜E gGP X X&Iue=b

(566) D-TDUX ]:Z:YEIK]^Dm\)Z FGZU][EbhESlP IKFY^e OI_DU][]^D-®mD b

(567) P FGehZ:YEIiY3QGF‰EVFGIKf-EUY[DQ)]Iuf-gGP ]YEVFVYSD$b‡KE FXI_D FFGD1˜™vš¢¸/edSD1bKE$¬aZ TI

(568) TY{E FXD~X P f1f-Q)FIuT{Y^D~DY€S Q OE ]+YIsCpQTpˆQh‡KE Q1SZgGE]+YhS D`T›f1IKFGI

(569) TY][D`TX&P f1f-QF)IuT{Y^D TS&Q-\GP QkGDU]{FGD foD FY^e)˜EVgGP X XI)]^DgG]^PX °E/E Qj1Dj*N_QFGIiYEIK]^DT S‡

(570) D FY][E kGD ]Y{PQT1b_D`T¼f1P Q)kGD f1D FtY^T~SD³\]:‹ kGD sHD`T¼]^D bKEUY{I

(571) P FGTeXPf-f1D?f$D f-cG]:D?S&Q XPf1IzY^ZŸSIK]^D XY[DQG]mSD?bKE HGq ^œ/e=ZY{EIKD FYaX&P fLgb

(572) Dj*D T€E&kGD X1b

(573) D Tvf1IKFGI

(574) TY{]^D T/TP X&InE&bKIuT{Y^D TedDY][E FX °GD f$D FVYXPF[bKI

(575) XY+QD bnb_D`TvE kGD X-b_D-f1IKFGI

(576) TY{]^D S&Q1š¢]EVkEIKbGX&P f-f-Q)FGI

(577) TY^D fmcG][PI

(578) TD€˜]^PIn¯ E Ys&hFLF)P kGD f-cG][D1£U¤ ¥ .eb_D`TdQ)FI Y{EIK]:D`TeE g][‹`TEVkGP In]d]^D +Q*TZ€bKE€\]:‹kD gG][Pg)PTZ D€gGE&]bKELq=ZUSZ ]^E YI

(579) P F$SD Tadfmg*b

(580) PRGZ`TŒD FoSZ X&D f-cG]^Dx£U¤ ¥ e][ZUX&bnE&f1‹ ]:D FVYdQF)D/\]^‹ k)D/\GZ F)ZU][Eb

(581) D/I_b

(582) b

(583) IKf1IiY[ZD X P FY][D1b

(584) DmgGbKE&F‰­‚E ]T[°EbKbsO=PQ)]af-E][ˆ&Q*D ]/T:P&F‰IKFGSZgD FGS EFX&D-ob‡_Z \E&]^S?SD1bKExHGq ^œveº˜EVgGP X X I¢SZ f1IuTTI

(585) PFFE S&Q}XPf1I Y[Z»SIK]:DUXY[DQG]$D F}SZ XD f-cG]:D|£U¤ ¥ .ŽDY~TDŸgG]^PFGP F E eaX Pf-f1D»CUP&Q)°EVQj*eX P&FY]:D»bnE‘T:X I

(586) TT:I

(587) PF s [bS tY D FGT[QI Y[D?SZ f1I+TT:I

(588) P FFGDU]-SD?bKE»X P f1f1I

(589) TTI

(590) P F‘DjZ X QtYIKk)D?XP F[Z SZU][Eb

(591) DxD:Y/F)D?+QtY€g)EtT~Z bŠQ E QƒTD X ]:ZY{E]^IKE Y/SD?bKE ˜™vš›N_qºœ-s)W!DmXPf1I Y[Z-FE YIKP FEbSD-bKE1qZ SZU][EUYI

(592) PF‰SD T€!f~gGb

(593) P&RGZTvDY˜ES ]:D T/SZ XI_StE e=-QFGDmEIŠcb

(594) D-f-E^lPt][IiY^Z e S‡KES °)ZU]:D ]a1bKE1˜3™/š›N_qºœ–f¹E&IuTQFGDm\]^EVFSD/gGE&]YI_DLSD-bKE~X °E&fmcG]^D-TpRFGS I

(595) X Eb_D/gGE&]^I

(596) T:I

(597) D FFGD`e=SDmf1—Vf1D1ˆ&QDLb

(598) DT T[RF)StI_X EUY^T3SD€­wE]:T:D Inb_b

(599) D/D:Y¢SD›´~IKXD e)X °GPIuTIK]^D FY!bKE-˜™/š€s˜3E gGP X X I]:D`T{YE¹TpDUX ][ZYE&IK]DŒ\GZ FGZ ]^EbSD/bKELq=Z SZU][EUYIKPF qºœxl[Q*TpˆQh‡

(600) D F»£U¤±²egGDQ1E kE FY!T[E€f-P ]Ys œ Fƒb

(601) DŸkGPIiY^e3b

(602) D T1X EVQ*TD`T~SDxbKEwT:XI

(603) TT:I_P FƒP FY-ZY[Z?E TT:D ¯»XP fmgGE][E cGbKD T$S E FGT$b

(604) D T$ˆ&QGE Y]^D?[Z SZ ]^EUY{InPFT gG][IuTpD`T“D FXP f-gtY[D sa­‚EI

(605) Txb

(606) DƒSZ ]:P&QGb

(607) D foD FYxS&Q•gG]^P X&D`TTQ Tx+QtY$S=‡KE QtYEVFY~gGbŠQ*TŸgG]^Z X&P XDƒD:Y$kGI_Ptb_D FVYxˆ&QD bKE YD FGS EVFX&D€XP f-f-Q)FIuT{Y^D€Z:YEIiYhf-I

(608) D Qj1IufLgbKE FY^Z D s. h¾!Ë èè Æ á

(609) ãâ/Æ á+Ë L É)ßáÂUÊ+ã

(610) ÂA5hË è Æ+ ÀËÇ Æ Î)U áUÊ  É áË L É :ä- å Â:ãËá . ÀKJ ÂUÊ=ÉÂDLKË. hÄ  €¾. 

(611) * 5.

(612) C. €L  *Š9):uo(6<9/,/.~0¹ :

(613) 9' [>@ 2:>@AB  !W Em]^D b

(614) ‹ kGDmSD T3\GZ FGZ ]^EUY{I

(615) P FGT+QtYTP&Q)kGD FYSIK^IKXI

(616) b_D`e)b

(617) DT3XP FY[D f-g*P ][EIŠFGTaSD/CUP&Q°EVQjoEVREVFY¢XV°GP I

(618) TI=SD`T bKI

(619) D QtY[D FE FY^T»ˆ&QI-E kEI_D FVY~Y]^P&g”cGI

(620) D F]^ZQ*TTI-S E FGT‚bKEƒgGP b

(621) IŠYIKˆQDƒP&Q b‡KES f1IKF)IuT{Y]^E YIKP Fs€W!D‘FGP FX Q)fmQ*b-SDT f-EF)StE Y^TT[RF)StI_X E Qj$DY=gPbKIiY^I

(622) ˆ&QD`TeE&]f1D/SD\ QDU][]^D€XP FY][D€b

(623) D`T3XP f-f-Q)FGI

(624) TY[D`Te+QtYhEVQ*TT:IQ)F-°EVFGSIKX E g~f¹E:lDQG] gGP&QG]?b_D`T“E FXI

(625) D FGT“XP F^Z SZU]:Z T saWdEƒ\GZ F)ZU][EUYIKP FSD aP Y+°GD ]:DUEVQFGD“gQtY?T ‡_IKf-g*PTDU]Ÿ]^E g)InSD f1D FtY^evPQžE gG][‹`T ˆ&Q*D b_ˆQD T$E FF)Z DTeˆQDx\] &XDx T:E“gGE ]YIKX IŠgGE YIKP Fƒ bKE‚¬aZ TI

(626) TYEVFXD ef¹E I

(627) T~gGE T$E Qj EVkE FY^N_gGPTY[D`TŸSD»X&DY

(628) Y[D SD ]FGI_‹U]:D eE&IzFGTI Pf¹E b)FGZ€D F»£ ¦t¤¤e*HGIKS ]^P-D F»£U¤² eš!]^IŠcGI

(629) Z€D F»£U¤h£U²mD:Yh­wP&QG]{\ Q*‹ TD Fr£ ¤h,£ -s. halshs-00333079, version 1 - 22 Oct 2008. Q»SZ cQtYSD»£U¤ ¥¦te=bKE1X&P F+Q*TI

(630) P F?+QtY3\][E FGSD-X °GD ¯ #$')*+) ,$' $6#   9_eX °E&X QF‰X E&fLg)EIiY ]Q)DoSD‰H)PbK^Z ]^IKF)PxgGP&QG]LP X&X Qg*D ]/b

(631) D T-b_PX E Qj‘DY  ",

(632) ?$$FGD¼gGE][EI

(633) TT:E&I Yg)bzQT-SDgQGI

(634) T-b_D$f1PI

(635) T~S*‡_P XY^P&cG]:D. gG][ZUX&Z SD FYshF‰[IKF»SD-XP f-g Y^D ehb

(636) D T€g)E]Y{IuTpE FGT/SD-qºœ/eh][DlPIKFY^TŒgGE]bnD TŒg*PTYI_DU]:TehS&QG]^D FY€T ‡

(637) IuFT{YEbKb

(638) D ]€StE&FGTŒQF kGI

(639) D IKb°G¡ Y[D bgGE&]YIKX QGbKI

(640) D ]e .)¦»]QGD?SD?b^‡

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to