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Élaboration d'un teste d'évaluation du langage écrit suggéré chez le grand adolescent et le jeune adulte

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(1)Élaboration d’un teste d’évaluation du langage écrit suggéré chez le grand adolescent et le jeune adulte Viviane Moulier Roulx-Laty. To cite this version: Viviane Moulier Roulx-Laty. Élaboration d’un teste d’évaluation du langage écrit suggéré chez le grand adolescent et le jeune adulte. Médecine humaine et pathologie. 2012. �dumas-01512467�. HAL Id: dumas-01512467 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01512467 Submitted on 23 Apr 2017. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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