Punica granatumوArtemisia herba albaلمستخلصات Quercusدراسة التأثـير المضـاد للبكتيريا والمضـاد للأكسـدة وأنواع

(1)

ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﳉﺍ

ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ

ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ

ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ

ﻛﺬﻣ

ـ

ﺓﺮ

ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﺮﻴﺘﺴﺟﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ

ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑﻭﺮﻜﻴﳌﺍ ﰲ

ﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ

ــــ

ﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴ

ــــ

ﻀﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻳﺮﻴﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺩﺎ

ــــ

ﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺩﺎ

ــــ

ﺓﺪ

ﻟﻟﻟﻟ

ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ

Artemisia herba alba

ﻭﻭﻭﻭ

Punica granatum

ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃﻭ

Quercus

ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑﻭ

ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ

:

ﺓﺎـﳒ ﲏـﺗﺍﺭﺇ

ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ

:

ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ

:

ﺃ

.

ﺸﻗ

ﻱﺩﺎـﳍﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲ

ﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ

ﻒﻴﻄﺳ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﺔ

ﻑﺮﺸﳌﺍ

:

ﺩ

.

ﻖﻳﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻑﻮـﻨﺧ

ﺘﺳﺃ

ـ

ﳏ ﺫﺎ

ـ

ﺿﺎ

ـ

ﺮ

ﻒﻴﻄﺳ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ

ﻷﺍ

ﺀﺎﻀﻋ

:

ﺩ

.

ﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﷲﺍﺯﺮــﺣ

ﺘﺳﺃ

ـ

ﳏ ﺫﺎ

ـ

ﺿﺎ

ـ

ﺮ

ﻒﻴﻄﺳ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ

ﺩ

.

ﻥﺎﲪﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﱐﺎﻴﻐﺑ

ﺘﺳﺃ

ـ

ﳏ ﺫﺎ

ـ

ﺿﺎ

ـ

ﺳ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺮ

ﻒﻴﻄ

-2008

(2)

ﺕﺍﺮﻜﺸﺘﻟﺍ

ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻧﺇ ﻢﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻋﻭ ﻪﻠﻀﻔﺑ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻩﺮﻜﺷﺃﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺪﻤﺣﺃ

ﻪﺗﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﻳ ﻢﻟ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻑﻮﻨﺧ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺰﺠﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ

ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻓﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﺔﻠﻴﻃ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺤﺋﺎﺼﻧﻭ

ﻪﺗﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗﻭ ﻪﺗﺍﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﷲﺍﺯﺮﺣ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﺼﻟﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺍﺮﻜﺸﺗ

ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ

ﻪﺗﺍﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻐﺑ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﺷﺃ

ﻪﺗﺎﻌﻴﺠﺸﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﺸﻗ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﺮﻜﺷﺃ

ﺍﻮﻠﻀﻔﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ

ﺑﺑﺑﺑ

ﻮﺒﻘ

ﻝﻝﻝﻝ

ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ

ﻥﺎﻤﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻐﺑ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﷲﺍﺯﺮﺣ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﺸﻗ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ

ﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ

ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻫﺎﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻞﻳﺰﺠﻟ

(3)

ﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ

ﻦﻴﻤﻳﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺀﻼﻣﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻗﺪﺻﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ

(4)

ﺱﺮﻬﻔﻟﺍ

ﺕﺍﺮﻜﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺺﺨﻠﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻻﺎﺑ ﺺﺨﻠﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺼﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﳉﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 1 ﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌ І -ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻣﻮﻤﻋ 3 І I -ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ 5 І I -1 ﺕﺎﺒﻧ

Artemisia herba alba

5 І I -2 -ﺕﺎﺒﻧ granatum Punica 8 І I -3 ﺕﺎﺒﻧ Quercus 11 І -II ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ 14 І -II 1 -ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﲪﻷﺍ 14 І -II 2 -ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ 16 І -II 3 -ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺍ 21 І -II 4 -ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﻱﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ 23 І -II 5 -ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ 25 IV -ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ 25 IV -1 -ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ 25 IV -1 -1 -ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ 26 IV -1 -2 ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻨﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ) terpenoids ( ﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺕﻮﻳﺰ 28 IV -1 -3 ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻠﻘﻟﺍ ) alkaloids ( 29 IV -1 -4 ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺘﻜﻠﻟﺍ ) lectins ( ﺪﻴﺘﺒﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋﻭ polypeptides) ( 29

(5)

IV -1 -5 -ﺔﻳﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ 30 IV -2 ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ 33 V -ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ 36 V -1 -ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ 36 V -2 -ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ 36 V -3 -ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﺛﺄﺗ 37 V -4 -ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ 38 V -5 -ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﻃ 39 ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ І -ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ 42 І -1 -ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ 42 І -2-ﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ ﺔﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ 42 І -3 -ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ 42 І -4 -ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ 43 II -ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ 44 II -1 -ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺳﺍ 44 II -2 -ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ 44 II -3 -ﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺕ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ 47 II -3 -1 -ﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺐﻠﺼﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﻷﺍ )

Disc Diffusion Agar

( 47 II -3 -2 ﻂﺒﺜﳌﺍ ﱏﺩﻷﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ (MIC) 48 II -4 -ﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺕ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ 49 II -4 -1 ﺭﺬﺟ ﺔﺣﺍﺯﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ DPPH 49 II -4 -2 ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ β-carotene / ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ 50 ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ І -ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺳﺍ 51 II -ﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺕ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ 53

(6)

II -1 -ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺐﻠﺼﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﻷﺍ 53 II -2 ﻂﺒﺜﳌﺍ ﱏﺩﻷﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ (MIC) 57 І -II ﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺕ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ 58 І II -1 -ﺭﺬﳉ ﻲﺣﺍﺯﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ DPPH 58 І -II 2 ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ β-carotene / ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ 61 ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍ І -ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺳﺍ 67 II -ﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺕ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ 68 І -II ﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺕ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ 72 ﺔﲤﺎﳋﺍ 75 ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ 76 ﻖﺤﻠﳌﺍ

(7)

ﺺﺨﻠﳌﺍ

:

ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻑﺪ ﱃﺇ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍﻭ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺑﻭ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﱯﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻊﺋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ . ﰲ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﺢـﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ

ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧﻭ Punica granatum ﻁﻮﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺾﻌﺑﻭ Quercus . ﺎﻫﺰﻴﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺕﺭﺪﻗﻭ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺖﺼﻠﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ . ﰎ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ،ﺹﺍﺮﻗﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺐﻠﺼﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ DPPH ﻭ β-carotene / ﺾﲪ ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ . ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﻇﺃ ﺿﺮـﻤﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻮﻤﻨﻟ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔ : Staphylococcus aureus ﻭ Enterobacter agglomerans ﻭ Salmonella typhi ﻭ Citrobacter freundii ﺎﳛﺰﻣﻭ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﺍﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻛ ﺕﺪﺑﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﺠﻠﻟ . ﺔﻴﺣﺎﺘﻔﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ : Artemisia ، Punica ، Quercus ،ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ،ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ . Summary:

In this study, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of some medicinal plant extracts were examined. These plants are widely used in the Algerian folk medicine. They are indicated in Artemisia herba alba, Punica granatum and some Quercus species. Phenolic compounds were extracted and quantified in the aqueous and organic extracts of the previous plants. The antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phenolic compounds was examined using disc diffusion agar method. Their antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH and

β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. From one hand; plant extracts and phenolic compounds

exhibited antibacterial activity against some bacteria species like: Staphylococcus aureus,

Enterobacter agglomerans, Salmonella typhi and Citrobacter freundii. In the other hand,

these extracts and phenolic compounds exhibited strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.

Key words: Artemisia, Punica, Quercus, polyphenols, antibacterial activity, antioxidant

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ﺕﺍﺮﺼﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ

FRAP Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HPLC-DAD High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

MIC Mimimum Inhibitory Concentration

NO Nitric Oxide

ORAC Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity

RAA Relative Antioxidant Activity

RNS Reactive Nitrogen Species

ROS Reactive Oxygen Species

SD Standard Deviation

TEAC Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity

TRAP Total Radical Trapping Parameter

WHO World Health Organization

(9)

ﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ

ﻝﺎﻜﺷ

ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 1 : ﺕﺎـﺒﻧ

7 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 2 : ﺕﺎـﺒﻧ Punica granatum 10 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 3 : ﻧﺃ ـ ﻉﺍﻮ Quercus ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ 13 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 4 : ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﲪﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ 15 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 5 : ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 18 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 6 : ﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎ Flavone ﻭ Flavonol 18 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 7 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ Chalcone ﻭ Aurone 18 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 8 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ Flavanone 18 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 9 : ﻥﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﲑﻈﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ) Isoflavone ( 18 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 10 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ Anthocyanidin 20 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 11 : ﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎ Flavan-3-ol ﻭ Flavan-3,4-diol 20 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 12 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ apigenin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside 20 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 13 : ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﻥﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ (biflavan) 22 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 14 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ tellimagrandin II ) ﻍﺎﺑﺩ ﺔﻬﻴﳑ ( 22 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 15 : ﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋ procyanidin B4 ) ﺔﻔﺜﻜﻣ ﻍﺎﺑﺩ ( 22 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 16 : ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﻱﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ 24

(10)

ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 17 : ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ 43 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 18 : ﻚﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺾﻤﳊ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﲎﺤﻨﻣ 45 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 19 : ﲔﺸﺗﺎﻜﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﲎﺤﻨﻣ 46 ﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻞ 20 : ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ DPPH 60 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 21 : ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ DPPH 60 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 22 : ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺎﺑ β-carotene / ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ 63 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 23 : ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ A. herba alba ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺎﺑ β-carotene / ﺾﲪ ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ 63 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 24 : ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ P. granatum ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺎﺑ β-carotene / ﺾﲪ ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ 64 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 25 : ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ilex Q. ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺎﺑ β-carotene / ﺾﲪ ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ 64 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 26 : ﺭﻮﺸﻗ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﻭﺬﺟ ilex . Q ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺎﺑ β-carotene / ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ 65 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 27 : ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ faginea Q. ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺎﺑ β-carotene / ﺾﲪ ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ 65 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 28 : ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ suber Q. ﻭ Q. coccifera ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺎﺑ β-carotene / ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ 66

(11)

ﻝﻭﺍﺪﳉﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ

ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ 1 : ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗﻭ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺮﻣ ) ﻎﻣ / ﺪﻔﳎ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻍ ( 52 ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ 2 : ﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺔﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺐﻠﺼﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﻷﺍ 55 ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ 3

:

ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻼﺴﻟﺍ 56 ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ 4

:

ـﻟ ﺔﻄﺒﺜﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ 50 % ﺭﺬﺟ ﻦﻣ DPPH 59 ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ 5

:

ﻞﺼﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ β-carotene / ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ 62

(12)

ﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ

ـ

ﺔ

:

ﺮﻃﺎﳐ ﺽﺎﻔﳔﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺮﺸﻋ ﻊﺳﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻄﺗﻭ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺍ ﺍﲑﺒﻛ ﺎﺿﺎﻔﳔﺍ ﺔﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟ . ﲑﻏ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺪﻘﻓ ،ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻤﻈﻌﻣﻭ ﺔﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﻪﺘﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺛﺭﻮ ﺔﻣﻭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ) Davies ، 1994 ؛ Service ، 1995 ( ﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺎﻬﻣ ﻢﻴﻜﳊﺍ ﲑﻏ . ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺖﻄﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺲﺴﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺮﻓ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺮﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﺑ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺢﺒﻛﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﳌﺍ ) Wilkinson ، 1998 ( . ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﺪﺑ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﺃ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﺟﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﻭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﺒﺴﺗ ﱵﻟ . ﺍﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺖﻟﺍﺯﻻﻭ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺫﺇ ،ﺭﻮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻝﻮﻀﻓﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻞﳏ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻧ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﻀﺤﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ . ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﻟ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﲎﻏ ﱃﺇ ﻯﺰﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺏﺎﻬﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﻷﺎﺑ ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ) ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﲪﻷﺍ ( ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻋﻮﻨﺗﻭ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺕﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨ ﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻻﺪﻴﺼ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺳﺍﻮ ) Bravo ، 1998 ( . ﺯﺎﺘﲤﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺎﻮﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﺎﺍﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺔﻠﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻠﻜﺗ ﺽﺎﻔﳔﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺟﻼﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ . ﻣ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺮﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺕﺩﺎﻓﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﲔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻑﻻﺁﻭ ﺕﺎﺌﻣ ﻦ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ) WHO ( ﱄﺍﻮﺣ ﻥﺃ 80 % ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺳ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﺘﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﻷﺍ ) Gurib-Fakim ، 2006 ( . ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ﺃ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﰲ ﲔﺒﺗ ،ﻼﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺎﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﺎﺟﻼﻋ ﻞﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺚﻠﺜﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻥ

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) Eisenberg ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1993 ( . ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻴﺑﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻖﻔﻧﺃﻭ 1995 ﺔﻤﻴﻘﺑ ﻎﻠﺒﻣ 35 ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻧﺮﻓ ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻣ ﻞﺻﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﺔﻴﻧﻻﺪﻴﺻ )

Villar del Frenso

، 1998 ( . ﺚﻴﺣ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻆﺣﻮﻟ ﺧﺃ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻯﺮ ﺩﻮﻌﻳﻭ ،ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍﻭ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﺑ ﻑﺍﺮﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ . ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻛ ﱄﻮﺗ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻘﺘﻔﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺎ ﺢﺘﻓ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﺍﺬ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺎﺑ ﱃﻭﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻭﺩ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﺀﺍﺮﺛﺇﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺚﲝ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﻛ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻑﺪ . ﻳ ﺝﺭﺪﻨ ﺜﲝ ﺎﻨ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻳﻭ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻊﺋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘ ﱯﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺢﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﰲ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍ ،

ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧﻭ Punica granatum ﺾﻌﺑﻭ ﻁﻮﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ Quercus ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺔﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ .

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ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ

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І

ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻣﻮﻤﻋ

ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ

:

ﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﻠﺘﻣﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻴﺒﻃ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻪﺋﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻞﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚ ﺔﻴﺟﻼﻋ ) Bruneton ، 1993 ( ، ﻮﻀﻋ ﰲ ﻱﻮﺘﳛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻛ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔ ،ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﲔﻌﻣ ﺽﺮﻣ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻱﺃ ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻭﺃ ﱯﻃ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﳍ ،ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺻﻼﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻴﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﺭﻮﺻ ﰲ ﺾﻳﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺖﻴﻄﻋﺃ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺽﺮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻋﺃ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻒﻔﳎ ﻭﺃ ﺝﺯﺎﻃ ﺐﺸﻋ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﰐﺎﺒﻧ ) ﺮﻤﻋﻭ ﻞﻜﻴﻫ ، 1993 ( . ﺮﻛﺫ ﺪﻗﻭ Gurib-Fakim ) 2006 ( ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻬﳘﺃ : -ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ : ﺟ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺹﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺒﻃ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺬ Urtica dioica ﻭﺃ U. radix ﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺔ Urticaceae ، ﺱﻮﺴﻗﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﺒﻠﺻ ﻭﺃ Glycyrrhiza glabra ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻘﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ Leguminosae ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﺨﺛ ﻭﺃ Harpagophytum procrumbens ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Pedaliaceae . -ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺰﻳﺮﻟﺍ : ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻉﺬﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻭﺎﻄﺘﳌﺍ ﱯﺸﳋﺍ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻮﻤﻨﻳ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﺘﻟ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﺖﲢ ﺎﻴﻘﻓﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻕﻮﻓ . ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﺒﻃ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺰﻳﺭ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ Piper methysticum ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Piperaceae ﻞﻴﺒﳒﺰﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧﻭ Zingiber officinalis ﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﺒﳒﺰﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺋ Zingiberaceae . -ﻝﺎﺼﺑﻷﺍ : ﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﺘﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﺨﺛ ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻞﺻﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻫ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻘﻟﺍ ﻦ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺃ . ﻦﻣ ﻫ ﱯﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻲ ﻞﺼﺒﻟﺍ Allium cepa ﻡﻮﺜﻟﺍﻭ Allium sativum ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Liliaceae . -ﺕﺎﻧﺭﺪﻟﺍ : ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﺕﺍﺫﻭ ﺔﺨﻔﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻧﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﺖﲢ ﻮﻤﻨﺗ ،ﺔﻨﻴﺨﺛ . ﰲ ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﻹﺍ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺭﺩ ﻲﻫ ﻱﻭﺍﺪﺘﻟﺍ Hypoxis sp ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Hipoxidaceae .

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ﺀﺎﺤﻠﻟﺍ (bark) : ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﳛﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻳﺎﲪ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺠﺸﻟﺍ ﻉﺬﳉ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ . ﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺜﻣﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪ : ﰲ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﺤﻠﻟﺍ Cinchona sp ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Rubiaceae ﻭ Cinnamomum camphora ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Lauraceae . -ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ : ﻊﻣ ﺔﻄﻠﺘﳐ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻫﺪﺣﻮﻟ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺕﻼﺘﺒﻟﺍ . ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺜﻣﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ Gingko biloba ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Ginkoaceae . -ﺍﻮﳍﺍ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ﻲﺋ : ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻮﻫ . ﺎﻫﺅﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻮﳍﺍ Hypericum perforatum ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Hyperiaceae . -ﺭﺎﻫﺯﻷﺍ : ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻞﻤﺸﺗﻭ ،ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﺋﺎﺷ ﻲﻫ Syzygium aromaticum ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Myrtaceae ﺕﺎﺒﻧﻭ Chamaemelum nobile ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Asteraceae ﺕﺎﺒﻧﻭ Hibiscus sabdiriffa ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Malvaceae ﺕﺎﺒﻧﻭ Calendula officinalis ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Asteraceae . -ﺭﺎﻤﺜﻟﺍ : ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﺭﺎﲦ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ Pimpinella anisum ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Apiaceae ﺭﻮﺸﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲﻭ ، ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻪﻛﺍﻮﻔﻟﺍ Punica granatum ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Punicaceae ﻥﻮﻤﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻗﻭ ، Citrus sp ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Rutaceae . -ﺭﻭﺬﺒﻟﺍ : ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺜﻣﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ،ﺎﻫﺪﺣﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻮﻳ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺖﻳﺯ ﺪﺟ ﻉﻭﺮﳋﺍ Ricinus communis ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Euphorbiaceae ﺱﺎﺒﺴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﺭﻭﺬﺑﻭ Foeniculum vulgare ﻦﻣ ﺋﺎﻋ ﺔﻠ Apiaceae . -ﻎﻤﺼﻟﺍ : ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻴﺋﺰﺟ ﻢﻀﻬﻳﻭ ﺀﺎﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻥﺎﺑﻭﺬﻠﻟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ،ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻴﻠﺧ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻮﻫ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ . ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻄﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﻭﺰﻏ ﺪﺿ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻛ ﻭﺃ ﻉﺎﻓﺩ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻮﻛ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﺠﺘﻨﻳ . ﺔﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ

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ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﻎﻤﺼﻠﻟ Acacia senegal ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Leguminosae ﺕﺎﺒﻧﻭ Terminalia bentzoe ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Combretaceae ﺭﺎﺒﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧﻭ Aloe vera ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Liliaceae . -ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺕﻮﻳﺰﻟﺍ : ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﲑﻄﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﺻﻼﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻴﻃ ﺕﻮﻳﺯ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ . ﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺜﻣﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺎﻨﻌﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬ ﺔﻴﻨﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗ ﻲﻠﻔﻠﻔﻟﺍ Mentha piperita ﺔﻳﻮﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ Lamiaceae ﺕﺎﺒﻧﻭ Cananga odorata ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ Annonaceae . І I

-ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ

ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ

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І I -1

-ﺢﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ

Artemisia herba alba

:

ﺃ-ﻪﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ : ﺲﻨﺟ Artemisia ﺔﻳﺮﻄﻋ ﺔﺒﺸﻋ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﱃﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺷ Asteraceae ) Salido ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2004 ( . ﺩﺪﻋ ﺲﻨﳉﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ) ﻦﻣ 200 ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﱃﺇ 400 ﻉﻮﻧ ( ﱄﺎﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻧ ﰲ ﺕﺪﺟﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ) Marco ﻭ Barbara ، 1990 ( . ﻭ ﺐﺴﺣ Tutin ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ ) 1976 ( ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱃﺇ ﺲﻨﳉﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ Artemisia ﻭ Dracunculus . ﺲﻨﺟ ﻢﻀﻳ Artemisia ﻉﻮﻧ

Artemisia herba alba Asso

ﺔﻴﺒﻃ ﺔﻣﺰﻘﺘﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﺑ ﺓﲑﺠﺷ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻭ ﻳ ،ﺔﻳﺮﻄﻋ ﺔﻓﺎﳉﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻮﻤﻨ ﳝﻭ ،ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺾﻴﺑﻷﺍ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺽﻮﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﻻﺎﻤﳍﺍ ﻝﺎﺒﺟ ﺏﺮﻏ ﻝﺎﴰ ﱃﺇ ﺪﺘ ) Salido ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2004 ( ، ﻳ ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﲑﺒﻳﻹﺍ ﺓﺮﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﻪﺒﺷ ﰲ ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺸﺘﻨ ﻳ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺒﺳﺇ ﻂﺳﻭ ﰲ ﻪﻟ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻛ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻎﻠﺒ ﻳ ﺮﺸﺘﻨ ﻕﺮﺷ ﰲ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺒﺳﺇ ﺏﻮﻨﺟﻭ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ) Salido ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2004 ( . ﺎﻤﻛ ﻳ ﱪﺘﻌ ﻕﺮﺷ ﻝﻮﻬﺴﻟ ﺰﻴﻤﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺇ ﻝﺎﴰﻭ ) Segal ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1987 ( ، ﻳﻭ ﺲﻠﻃﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﺒﺟﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺮﺸﺘﻨ ) Boriky ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1996 ( .

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ﺏ -ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻟﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ : ﺘﺴﻳ ﻞﻤﻌ ﺢﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ

ﺓﺮﺜﻜﺑ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﺝﻼﻌﻟ ﺕﺎﺑﺍﺮﻄﺿﻻﺍ ﻝﺎﻬﺳﻹﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﻦﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﻨﺸﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺡﻭﺮﳉﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﻟﻭ ) Feuerstein ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1986 ( ﻱﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﺿﺮﻣ ﺝﻼﻌﻟ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ، ﻭ ﻥﺎﻗﲑﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﰲ ) Marrif ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1995 ( ، ﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻡﻮﻤﺴﻠﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﻣﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﻸﻟ ) Ziyyat ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1997 ( . ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﻤﻴﻫﺰﻟﻷﺍ ﺽﺮﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﺒﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺍﺮﻄﺿﻻﺍ ﺝﻼﻋ ﰲ ) Alzheimer ( ﻭ ﻉﺮﺼﻟﺍ ) epilepsy ( ﺎﻴﻻﺍﻭ ﺭ ﱯﺼﻌﻟﺍ ) Salah ﻭ Jäger ، 2005 ( . ﺪﺟﻭ ﺪﻗﻭ ﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺕﻮﻳﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﺋﺎﳌﺍ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴ A. herba alba ﻀﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻤﳍ ـ ﻋﻮﻨﻟ ﺓﺩﺎ ـ ﻦﻣ ﲔ Leishmania ﺎﳘ : L. tropica ﻭ L. major ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺖﻳﺰﻟﺍ ﻰﻄﻋﺃ ﺚﻴﲝ ، ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﺑ ﲔﺘﻟﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﱪﻛﺃ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ 2 µ ﻍ / ،ﻞﻣ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﳌﺍ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍﻭ 4 µ ﻍ / ﻞﻣ ) Hatimi ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2000 ( . ﻪﻧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻒﺻﻭ ﺎﻤﻛ ﱐﺎﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﻣﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﻻ ﺩﺎﻀﻣ ) Tahraoui ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2007 ( . ﺝ -ﻪﺗﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ : ﱯﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺘﳛ Artemisia ﺔـﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﺔﻄﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺪـﻳﻮﻠﻘﻟﺍ ) alkaloids ( ﻟﺍﻭ ﲔﻣﺎﺘﻴﻔ A ﻭ B1 ﻭ B2 ﻭ C ﻌﻣﻭ ـ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﻥﺩﺎ ) Hoffman ﻭ Herrman ، 1982 ؛ Lee ،ﻥﻭﺮـﺧﺁﻭ 1999 ؛ Kim ، 2003 ( ﺗﻭ ، ـ ﻌﺑ ﺪﻛﺆ ـ ﻣ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾ ﻘﺘﺸ ـ ﺕﺎ ﺕﺎﻨﻳﺭﺎﻣﻮﻜﻟﺍ ) coumarins ( ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻲﻤﲢ ﺍ ﺪﺒﻜﻟ ) Kimura ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1985 ؛ Gilani ﻭ Janbaz ، 1993 ( .

(19)

ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 1 : ﺕﺎـﺒﻧ

(20)

І I -2

ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ

granatum Punica

:

ﺃ-ﻪﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ : ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ Punica granatum ﳒﻻﺎﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠ Pomegranate ،ﺓﲑﻐﺻ ﺓﺮﺠﺷ ﻭﺃ ﺓﲑﺠﺷ ﻮﻫ ﻳ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﱃﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨ Punicaceae ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺾﻴﺑﻷﺍ ﺮـﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺃ ، ) Kaur ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2006 ( ﰲ ﻮﻤﻨﻳ ، ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﻨﳍﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ) Huanga ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2005 ( ﺾﻴﺑﻷﺍ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺩﻭ ﻂﺳﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺮﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻛﺮﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ) Maskan ، 2006 ( . ﻭﺫ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﲑﺼﻋ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺓﺪﻳﺍﺰﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺷ ﺐﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺋﺍﻮﺘﺣﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺔﻤﻬﳌﺍ ) Li ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2005 ( . ﺏ -ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻟﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ : ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺴﻠﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ) Afaq ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2005 ( ﲑﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﻣﻭ ﺎﻳ ) Prashanth ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2001 ( ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻄﻔﻠﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﻣﻭ ) Dutta ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1998 ( ﻝﺎﻬﺳﻺﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﻣﻭ ) Das ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1999 ( ﺔﻳﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﺣﺮـﻘﻠﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﻣﻭ ) Gharzouli ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1999 ( ، ﻊﻣ ﺎﺎـﺒﺛﺇ ﰎ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻋ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﳌ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ . ﰲ ﺔﻀﺑﺎﻗ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﺄﻛ ﻪﺘﻬﻛﺎﻓﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻗ ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺭﺎﺣﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﻬﺳﻹﺍ (dysentery) ) Ricci ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2006 ( . ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﺩﺎﻓﺃ Jafri ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ ) 2000 ( ﻲﺋﺎﳌﺍ ﱄﻮﻧﺎﺜﻳﻹﺍ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﺄﺑ ) 50 % ﺡ / ﺡ ( ﺭﺎﻫﺯﻷ P. granatum ﺾﻔﳜ ﻱﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺪﺑ ﺏﺎﺼﻣ ﱐﺍﻮﻴﺣ ﺝﺫﻮﳕ ﰲ ﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ . ﺝ -ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ : ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﻋ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﺔﻄﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻰﻠ ﺪﺟﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺐﻟ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺩﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﻝﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻣﺎﺘﻴﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻜﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﲏﻏ . ﺎﻣﺃ ﺑ ﺬ ﻩﺭﻭ ﺽﺎﲪﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻏ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﻧﺎﻴﺳﻮﺘﻧﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺘﳛ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻌﺒﺸﳌﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺪﻟﺍ : delphinidin ﻭ cyanidin

(21)

ﻭ pelargonidin ) Sestili ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2007 ( . ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﲑﺘﻌﻳ Punicalagin ) ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺟﻼﻳﻹﺍ ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ( ﻥﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺐﻠﻟ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻮﺸﻗ ) Kulkarni ﻭ ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ ، 2004 ( ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ، ﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺭﺎﻤﺜ . ﺎﳍﺰﻋ ﰎ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺎﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺯﻮﻜﻴﻠﳉﺍﻭ ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺍﻭ ) Prashanth ﻭ ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ ، 2001 ( .

(22)

ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 2 : ﺕﺎـﺒﻧ Punica granatum

(23)

І I -3

ﺕﺎﺒﻧ

Quercus

:

ﺃ-ﻪﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ : ﺲﻨﺟ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﻳ Quercus ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﱃﺇ Fagaceae ) Berahou ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2007 ( . ﻊﺳﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﺯﻮﺘﻳ ﻚﻴﺴﻜﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻔﺗﺮﻣﻭ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﰲ ﱪﻛﺃ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻊﻣ ﱄﺎﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻧ ﺀﺎﳓﺃ ﻊﻴﲨ ﰲ ﺎﻴﺳﺍﺭﻭﺃﻭ ) Eurasia ( ﺍ ﺎﻴﺳﺁ ﻕﺮﺷﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻪﺒﺷ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﳉ ) Borgardt ﻭ Pigg ، 1999 ( . ﰲ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻳ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺾﻴﺑﻷﺍ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻏ ) Hidalgo ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2008 ( . ﻦﻣ ﺎﺃ ﺲﻨﳉﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺭﺎﺠﺷﺃ ﻦﻋ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺓﺭﺎﻴﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺓﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺠﺷﻷﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ isoprene ) Pio ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2005 ( . ﻉﺍﻮـﻧﺃ Quercus ﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺎﳍﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﰎ ﱵﻟﺍ ـ ﺔ ﻲﻫ Q. coccifera ﻁﻮﻠﺒﻟﺍﻭ Q. ilex ﻥﺍﺰـﻟﺍﻭ Q. faginea ﲔﻠﻔﻟﺍﻭ Q. suber . ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺎﻓ Q. coccifera ﻮﻫ ﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻀﺧﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﺓﲑﺠ ﲔﺑ ﺎﳍﻮﻃ ﺡﻭﺍﺮﺘﻳ 2 ﻭ 3 ﺭﺎﺘﻣﺃ ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﺔﻓﺎﳉﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻮﻤﻨﺗ ، Q. ilex ﱃﺇ ﺎﳍﻮﻃ ﻞﺼﻳ ﺭﺍﺮﻀﺧﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﺓﺮﺠﺷ ﻮﻬﻓ 12 ﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻀﻔﺗ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻡ ﲔﺣ ﰲ ،ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻟﺍ ﺏﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﺟﻭ ﻥﺃ Q. faginea ﱃﺇ ﺎﳍﻮﻃ ﻞﺼﻳ ﺔﻴﻀﻔﻧ ﺓﺮﺠﺷ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ 20 ﻞﺘﲢ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﻡ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﳌﺍ ) Rey Benayas ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2005 ( ﺎﻣﺃ ، Q. suber ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ ،ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﻀﺧﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﺓﺮﺠﺷ ﻮﻬﻓ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﻜﲰ ﻞﺼﻳ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻜﻴﲰ ﺔﻘﺒﻄﺑ 15 ﻢﺳ ) Hidalgo ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2008 ( ﰲ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻮﻤﻨﻳ ، ﻊﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺾﻴﺑﻷﺍ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺷﻭ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﻷﺍ 450 ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻠﻣ ﲔﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹ ﺔﳝﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺬﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺎﻳﻮﻨﺳ ﺭﺎﻄﻣﻷﺍ ) Lumaret ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2005 ( . ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﺗﻭ ﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﻃﻷﺍ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻰﻠ . ﺏ -ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻟﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ : ﻁﻮﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ Q. ilex ، ﻓ ﰲ ﺎﻋﻮﻴﺷ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻬ ﻐﳌﺍ ـ ﻌﻟ ﺏﺮ ـ ﺔﻴﻤـﻀﳍﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺍﺮﻄﺿﻻﺍ ﺝﻼ ) ﻬﺳﻹﺍ ـ ﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﺎ ـ ﻬﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺣﺮ ـ ﳌﺍ ﺏﺎ ـ ﺓﺪﻌ ( ﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍﻭ ـ ﺔﻳﺪﻠﳉﺍ ﺕﺎ

(24)

) Berahou ﺧﺁﻭ ،ﻥﻭﺮ 2007 ( . ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺭﻮﺸﻗ ﻟ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺭﻭﺬﺟ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻉﻮﻘﻨﻤﻛ ﺓﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﻡﻻﺁ ﺝﻼﻌ ﺘﳐ ﻭﺃ ﻩﺪﺣﻭ ،ﻕﻮﺤﺴﻣ ـ ﺒﻧ ﻊﻣ ﻂﻠ ـ ﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎ ـ ﻥﺎ Punica granatum ﺒﻧﻭ ـ ﺏﻭﺮﳋﺍ ﺕﺎ Ceratonia silica ) Benchaabane ﻭ Abbad ، 1997 ( ﺭﺎﺣﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﻒﻳﱰﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﺠﻨﳊﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﻟ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ) Berahou ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2007 ( . ﺝ -ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ : ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ Quercus ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻐﺑ ) Ohemeng ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1993 ( ﻞﺜﻣ ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ) Zhentian ﺧﺁﻭ ـ ،ﻥﻭﺮ 1999 ؛ Meng ﺧﺁﻭ ـ ،ﻥﻭﺮ 2001 ؛ Hideyuki ﺧﺁﻭ ـ ،ﻥﻭﺮ 2002 ( . ﺎﻤﻛ ﻥﺃ ﺪﺟﻭ Q. coccifera ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﲏﻏ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻔﺜﻜﳌﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ) Ben Salem ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2005 ( . ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻜﲤ Ito ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ ) 2002 ( ﺔﻬﻴﳑ ﻍﺎﺑﺩ ﻝﺰﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ Q. suber ﻭ Q. coccifera ﰲ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ castalagin ﻭ pedunculagin ﻭ acutissimin B ﻭ phillyraeoidin A .

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Quercus suber Quercus ilex Quercus faginea Quercus coccifera ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 3 : ﻧﺃ ـ ﻉﺍﻮ Quercus ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ

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І -II

ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ

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ﻊﻣ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻄﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﺣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﰲ ﲎﺒﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﺳﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﻊﻴﻣﺎﳎ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ) Bruneton ، 1993 ( ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻉﺯﻮﺘﺗ ، ﻊﺳﺍﻭ ﻜﻠﻤﳌﺍ ﰲ ـ ﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔ ـ ﺔﻴﺗﺎ ) Salunkhe ﺧﺁﻭ ـ ،ﻥﻭﺮ 1990 ( . ﺴﻘﻨﺗﻭ ـ ﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻢ ـ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮ : ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﲪﻷﺍ ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ) Bruneton ، 1993 ( . І -II 1

-ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﲪﻷﺍ

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ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺔﻄﻴﺴﺑ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻓ ﺕﺎﺌﻳﺰﺟ ﻲﻫ ) Morton ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2000 ( ، ﻫ ﻢﺴﻘﻨﻳ ﱃﺇ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬ : ﺾﲪ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﻣ ﻚﻳﻭﱰﺒﻟﺍ (hydroxybenzoates) ﻭ ﺾﲪ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﻣ ﻚﻴﻣﺎﻨﻴﺴﻟﺍ (phenylpropanoids) ﻭ ﺾﲪ phenol carboxylic . ﺃ-ﻚﻳﻭﱰﺒﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﻣ : ﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻫ ـ ﺘﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﺒ ـ ﲪ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘ ـ ﻞﻜﻴﻫ ﺎﳍ ،ﻚﻳﻭﱰﺒﻟﺍ ﺾ C6-C1 ﺭﻭﺬﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻋ ﰲ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗﻭ (angiosperms) ) Bruneton ، 1993 ( . ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻋﻮﻴﺷ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ : ﺾﲪ p-hydroxybenzoic ﺾﲪﻭ ﻚﻴﻠﻴﻧﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺾﲪﻭ syringic ﺾﲪﻭ protocatechuic . ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻚﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﺔﻴﺒﺸﳋﺍ . ﺔﻬﻴﻤﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﰲ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﺔﻴﺛﻼﺛ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﻣ ﻙﺭﺎﺸﺗ (hydrolysable gallotannins) . ﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﲔﻠﻴﻧ vanillin) ( ﺍﺮﻀﺤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻊﺳﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻼﺜﻣ ﺕ ﺔﻴﻧﻻﺪﻴﺼﻟﺍ ) Morton ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2000 ( . ﺏ -ﻚﻴﻣﺎﻨﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﻣ : ﻥﻮﺑﺮﻛ ﺕﺍﺭﺫ ﺙﻼﺛ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﻣ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴﺑ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻄﻋ ﺔﻘﻠﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻫ . ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺾﲪ ﳍﺍ ﻚﻴﻣﺎﻨﻴﺳ ﻲﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴ ) hydroxycynnamic acid ( ﺘﻧﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺐﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﺑ ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﺍﺭﺎﺸ

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ﻞﻤﺸﺘﻓ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ p-coumaric ﻚﻴﺑﺎﻨﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺾﲪﻭ ﻚﻴﻟﻭﲑﻔﻟﺍ ﺾﲪﻭ ﻚﻴﻴﻓﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺾﲪﻭ . ﺾﲪ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﰲ ﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻚﻴﻣﺎﻨﻴﺳ ﻲﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ) Croft ، 1998 ( . ﺝ ﺾﲪ Phenol carboxylic : ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺮﺣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻌﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﲑﻏﻭ ﺔﺴﻧﺎﺠﺘﳌﺍ ﲑﻏ ) Max ، 1978 ( ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ ﰎ ﺚﻴﺣ ، ﻦﻣ 700 ﻦﻳﺭﺎﻣﻮﻛ (coumarins) ﱄﺍﻮﺣ ﰲ 100 ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ) Croft ، 2000 ( . ﺾﲪ gallic ﺾﲪ vanillic ﺾﲪ caffeic ) ﺾﲪ 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic ( ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 4 : ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﲪﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ) Rodríguez Vaquero ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2007 (

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І -II 2

-ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ

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ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ 600 ،ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﺔﻴﺿﺭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺜﻜﺑ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗ ) Bors ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1997 ( . ﺍﻮﻧ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﲤ ﻦﻳﱰﺑ ﱵﻘﻠﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﺘﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺓ ) A ﻭ B ( ﻭ ﲔﺘﻄﺒﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﲑﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﺣ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ) pyran ( ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺑ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﲔﺠﺴﻛﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﺘﶈﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ 2-phenylbenzopyran ) ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 5 ( ) Bravo ، 1998 ؛ Narayana ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2001 ( . ﺎﺿﺈﺑ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﲑﻐﺘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻭ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﻊﻴﻣﺎﳎ ﺔﻓ / ﻭﺃ ﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺗ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﻞﻴﺜﳌﺍ ﻊﻴﻣﺎﳎ ﺎ ﻳﻮﻴﻨﺑ ﺎ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﻧﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻤﺎﻓ ، ) flavan-3-ols ( ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺳﻮﺘﻧﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺕ ﲔﺣ ﰲ ﻢﻀﺗ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻤﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟﺍ (chalcones) ﺕﺎﻧﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍﻭ (aurones) ﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺎﻈﻧﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻳ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﺒﺼﻟﺍ ﻲﻗﺎﺑﻭ ﺕﻻﻮﻧﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ) Forkmann ، 1993 ( . ﺕﻻﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ (Flavonols) ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ (Flavones) : ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﲣﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﰲ ﺕﻻﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻥﻮﺑﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺭ 3 ) ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 6 ( ، ﻑﻼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﺎﻣﻭﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺴﻔﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺔﻌﺷﻸﻟ ﺎﻬﺻﺎﺼﺘﻣﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ) Harborne ، 1994 ( . ﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺮﻛﺬﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺪﳉﺍﻭ ـ ﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗ ﺕﺎﻧﻮ ـ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺪ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒﻓ ،ﺕﻻﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻳﺭﺎﻋ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺜﻜﺑ ﺕﻻﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﺋﺎﻋ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺸﳋﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎ ) Harborne ، 1994 ( . ،ﺔﻳﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻏﺃ ﰲ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻌﺳﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﺕﻻﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻉﺯﻮﺘﺗ ﻲﻫ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺔﻓﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺕﻻﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ kaempferol ﻭ quercitin ﻭ myricetin ﻠﺘﲣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻒ

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ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺪـﺟﺍﻮﺘﻳﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻠﻟ ﻦـﳝﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺬﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﺔﻋﻮـﻤﳎ ﺕﻻﺍﺪﺒﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺪـﻋ ﰲ kaempferol ﻭ quercitin ﺔﺳﻭﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﰲ ) Harborne ، 1994 ( . ﻲﻫ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻧﻮـﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ apigenin ﻭ luteolin ﻭ tricetin ) Harborne ، 1994 ( . ﺏ -ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟﺍ (Chalcones) ﺕﺎﻧﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍﻭ (Aurones) : ﺎﻬﺘﳉﺎﻌﲟ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺀﺍﺮﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﺒﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻤﺴﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻧﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻢﺳﺍ ﻖﺘﺷﺍ ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻧﻮﻣﻷﺎﺑ chalcone ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻦﻣ chalcos ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻞﺻﺃ ﻥﺎﻛ ﲔﺣ ﰲ ،ﺰﻧﻭﱪﻟﺍ ﲏﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ aurone ﲏﻴﺗﻻ aurum ﺐﻫﺬﻟﺍ ﲏﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ . ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺕﻼﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﺴﻧﺃ ﰲ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﺤﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺐﺸﳋﺍ ﺐﻠﻗ ﰲ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺪـﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗ ﻞﺑ ،ﺕﺎﻧﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺕﻼﺘﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍﻭ ) Harborne ، 1994 ( . ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺤﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﻤﳍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ 7 . ﺝ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ (Flavanones) : ﺔﻧﻮﻠﻣ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻓ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻐﺑ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ 2 ) ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 8 ( ﺔﺒﻛﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﻲﻫﻭ ، (isomeric) ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ . ﻮﻫ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ naringenin ﺭﻮﺸﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺰﻋ ﺎﻣ ﻝﻭﺃ ﻮﻫﻭ ، ﺕﺎﻴﻀﻤﳊﺍ ﺔﻋﺍﺬﻟ ﻦﻋ ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻀﻤﳊﺍ ) Bruneton ، 1993 ( . ﺩ -ﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺎﻈﻧ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔ (Isoflavonoids) : ﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻋﻮﻨﺘﺑ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺎـﻈﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﻝﺍﺪﺒﺘﺳﻻ isoprenoid ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺎﳑ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺩﻮﺟﻭﻭ ، ﺚﻴﺣ ﻌﺿﻭ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺔﻴ aryl ﺔﻘﻠﳊﺍ B ﺔﻘﻠﳊﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ،ﻥﺍﲑﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﻮﻧ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ B ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ 3 ﻻﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ 2 ) ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 9 ( ) Lee ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1994 ( .

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ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 5 : ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ) Middleton ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2000 ( Flavonol Flavone ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 6 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ Flavone ﻭ Flavonol ) Cushnie ﻭ Lamb ، 2005 ( Chalcone Aurone ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 7 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ Chalcone ﻭ Aurone ) Cushnie ﻭ Lamb ، 2005 ( ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 8 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ Flavanone ) Cushnie ﻭ Lamb ، 2005 ( ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 9 : ﻥﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﲑﻈﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ (Isoflavone) ) Cushnie ﻭ Lamb ، 2005 (

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ﻫ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺳﻮﺘﻧﻷﺍ (Anthocyanins) : ﺔﻧﻮﻠﳌﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺍ ﻲﻫ . ﺚﻴﺣ ﱐﺎﻧﻮﻳ ﻞﺻﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ antho ﲏﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺯ kyanos ﻕﺭﺯﺃ ﲏﻌﺗ . ﻭﺬﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﻐﺒﺻ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻳﺩﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺀﺎﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻥﺎﺑ ﺭﻭﺬﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻗﺭﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﻮﺟﺭﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺴﻔﻨﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺮﻤﳊﺍﻭ ) Bruneton ، 1993 ( . ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺳﻮﺘﻧﻷﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻄﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻛ ﻲﻫ cyanidin ﱵﻟﺍ ، ﻊﻣ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺘﺗ ﻥﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﻴﳍﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤ ﺪﻘﺘﻔﺗ ﺎﺃ ﻻﺇ ﰲ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪ 3 C ﻊﻴﻣﺎﳎ ﻝﺍﺪﺒﺘﺳﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺈﺑ ﺔﻐﺒﺼﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﻛﻭ ، ﺔﻳﺮﻜﺳ ﻊﻴﻣﺎﳎ ﻭﺃ ﻞﻴﺜﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﻞـﻜﺸﻟﺍﻭ 10 ﺢﺿﻮﻳ ﺐﻛﺮﳌ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ anthocyanidin . ﻥﻮﻴﺗﺎﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﺳ ﲑﻏ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺳﻮﺘﻧﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﻧﺎﻴﺳﻮﺘﻧﻷﺍ flavylium ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺎﻬﻠﺜﳝﻭ ، cyanidin ﻭ delphinidin ﻭ malvinidin ) Jørgensen ، 1998 ( . ﻭ -Flavan-3-ols ﻭ Flavan-3,4-diols : ﻚﻠﳝ flavan-3-ols ﻭﺃ flavanols ﰲ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ 3 C ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﲑﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﳊ ، ﻪﺼﻘﻨﺗ ﻦﻜﻟ ﰲ ﻞﻴﻧﻮﺑﺮﻛ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ 4 C ، ﻪﻠﺜﳝ catechin ﻭ gallocatechin ) Markham ، 1989 ( . ﺎﻣﺃ flavan-3,4-diols ﻭﺃ leucoanthocyanidins ﰲ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﻊﻴﻣﺎﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﺤﻴﻓ 3 C ﻭ 4 C ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻠﻟ B ) ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 11 ( . ﺯ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ (Flavonoids glycosides) : ﲔﻤﺴﻗ ﱃﺇ ﻢﺴﻘﻨﺗ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ : C-glycosides ﻞﺜﻣ apigenin8-C-β-D glucopyranoside ، ﻭ O-glycosides ﻞﺜﻣ rutin ﻭ diosmin ) Harborne ، 1994 ( . ﺡ -ﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔ-ﻟﺍ ﻴﺘﻳﱪﻜ ﺔ (Sulphated flavonoids) : ﺔﻴﺘﻳﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ،ﺀﺎﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺏﻭﺬﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻫ 1 ﱃﺇ 4 ﺔﻴﺘﻳﱪﻛ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺮﻜﺴﻠﻟ ﻭﺃ ﻝﻮﻨﻔﻠﻟ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﻊﻴﻣﺎﺠﲟ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ) Harborne ، 1994 ( .

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ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 10 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ anthocyanidin ) Cushnie ﻭ Lamb ، 2005 ( Flavan-3-ol Flavan-3,4-diol ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 11 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ Flavan-3-ol ﻭ Flavan-3,4-diol ) Cushnie ﻭ Lamb ، 2005 ( ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ 12 : ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ apigenin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside ) Kanchanapoom ، 2007 (