DÉVELOPPEMENT D'UNE MÉTHODE IMPLICITE SANS MATRICE POUR LA SIMULATION 2D-3D DES ÉCOULEMENTS COMPRESSIBLES ET FAIBLEMENT COMPRESSIBLES EN MAILLAGES NON-STRUCTURÉS
259
0
0
Texte intégral
(2) N° : 2006 ENSAM 0007. École Doctorale n°432 : Science des Métiers de l'Ingénieur. THÈSE pour obtenir le grade de. Docteur de. l’École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers Spécialité ''Mécanique'' présentée et soutenue publiquement par. Thibaud KLOCZKO le 15 mars 2006. DÉVELOPPEMENT D’UNE MÉTHODE IMPLICITE SANS MATRICE POUR LA SIMULATION 2D-3D DES ÉCOULEMENTS COMPRESSIBLES ET FAIBLEMENT COMPRESSIBLES EN MAILLAGES NON-STRUCTURÉS. Directeur de thèse : Alain LERAT Codirecteur de thèse : Christophe CORRE. Jury : Hervé GUILLARD, Directeur de recherche, SMASH, INRIA Sophia-Antipolis ............ Président Erik DICK, Professeur, Université de Ghent (Belgique) .................................................. Rapporteur Bruno DUBROCA, Professeur associé, MAB, Université Bordeaux I ............................ Rapporteur Alberto BECCANTINI, Ingénieur, LTMF, CEA Saclay ................................................. Examinateur Christophe CORRE, Maître de Conférences, SINUMEF, ENSAM Paris ....................... Examinateur Alain LERAT, Professeur, SINUMEF, ENSAM Paris ..................................................... Examinateur. Laboratoire de Simulation Numérique en Mécanique des Fluides ENSAM, CER de Paris L’ENSAM est un Grand Établissement dépendant du Ministère de l’Éducation Nationale, composé de huit centres : AIX-EN-PROVENCE ANGERS BORDEAUX CHÂLONS-EN-CHAMPAGNE CLUNY LILLE METZ PARIS.
(3)
(4) .
(5)
(6)
(7) !"#$#%'&(!)&+*-, . . 1999 . /01,2435*-,2687469&:<;,& <.>=?/69.@;A#B69
(8) ;C, !"&2!",@;D=?&:E"GFH.>=?IKJMLONQP)3*-B,SR(6/E%;769&:T.U6HRVB;C,.U69WV/69 HLOXYJQZ[P\IK]5^_I`. .B/ RV,, M01,a69&2;bF%.U6%c2&b;T#B6d;,CeCf#%$69&&2E"43O*-Sgh,2i6;C#$i&kj[IKNlR(69[,&b!"/69 &bR9gm", n /6983oS0:,(69&2;69,A#%#%&:T;$!/2 p.$qK] I
(9) 687r"!$#%&69#$L:sO. 769 &_3t&2,2T687r&2pRE$RV,S. ,*B.uR. ,2d &2!"#$RE2"&2 W.b0:,QR(69.U69 v;Hwx/69&2d#B69!"'y<%wx;D= #$R.E#%&O/69&y/^ n 6, !"&2 ,2S.>=?'eCRVE&2!"p.6$R. ,2z!/2p01,25*"={69_7rE"!,2pF$!"|*-,p}K,&2M2f"T69,~.U69WV/69 nO P\];C, IKN LC6!.U68sH1D*5&2F[/'#%!."`RV/&&2"6871"!|0:,4*={692R(69/69rE!""`#%#%&: &2,W. U69W."8^ ,f")"!"&&(69/69&:+FP\&2,N@^ n /6983vq`9gm",F.>=?IKJiLON[P q 6983GRV,6871 & ES!"M/69&(!/2S;M7:S|RV,Q6871 zRVEM,&~ &2!"fM &:EQF#%"|/687469,CeH;M"!/2!/24^ [#%!i7: 71#%&:|P<"/,5Iz^CjQ!/d|[^CjQ,W:!86C3C"RV"! 7r#%&:zq`9gm",zFp.>=?ZQ& 71 E ;%[2&:%h5. 401,2[Mq`9gm",S6:!E$Fd.>=?Z& 71 E5;869,CebX3aRV,p687r S6!"!"RE$;@. !"M#%E#% SzRV,&*-,r#%&:,2|#%&~/68769 .>^ &2pFG#%!pP\&2,ST^_i, . .U69;D3tjQ "!,p;"!/2!/2BFG.>=?XxJ[XYNLORU6NQ&: RV. 83 RV,Q6871 6!"!"REp;MR(69! RV[69,$*Y,sv;i2f"4^ q 69!"0:,2!"'eCRVE&2!"&_={69,/69 R(6EE.U6#%#%/69&2,CeD3)*,(69 #%! !/(69.,,2#%&:."k#%#TW";C,.U69WV nO P\] RV#B69&2&:k#$RV/69 "01,$4/¡!"¢F., £gm"¤RV&&a69.¥ E"v!"&: W,2&:~Fbg>69 u;u.U6k"!/2!/2<,&¦69,2&:01,2<R.U69 8^ <! /69 &§7O/6!}+L:sO. 769 &¨W&©'3iXx/69WV. .43SLC69&CY[ 83 Eª#%43Mj[;C83 869&C n ,2!r3MP)=?,~P\E83 [E.f&2431j[&&(6C3 n 69,43C[, . .U69,#%43:I`&!"3:J[6;CU6C31NQ&&243rNQ&(69,2;D31«S69 #B6C3:NQ. 'eD3 ,. 43:Q69/69&(6C^ ^ ^ N¬7r"!,&2#%&:&RVE"!69.®RV,¯} LO4,2°Uw±[ 7r.U6z,2'yY'3¢L:ER(69&2UwxPb6²iPu IL1yY'3rI`&&2@Uwx|69&(69&2;D={69r&:-yY'3O]2";uUwx|69&(69&2Q;D=?-yY'3 qKP³Uw-i´" R_µ I`&B71 .UFi,&2z!"#$#B69&2; 0:,;E"!/ 4µ yY'3 [&MUwxP<!|q 69&§ YMyY'3 ±iEUwxI`&:,71'>#%>µ yY@.>= &2,W. U69W.G¶ & :& h;C 5w-2,&CY2,&yY'^ ^ ^ n #% . .,ARV,k.U6¢c2&_^ n "b#%k#%#B69&201,2&:ARV,A'eOR #%!"0:,2<*-;FN. WV 5"!"!869&: &¬QFBR2@4^X.z#%MR(69;&&2&:[!"/69 &2#%&:i;M&2MR(6! z., " "RV"!¥gmS!86983_RV,S#%>3tR. ,2S0:,2$;"S&2!86;C/69&:3¬!"$/&:S;71E /69W."T69#$8^ ^ ^%P<! &2!"BF 71,2z;,CeHz,,QF@W&:ªTµ µ µ ·.
(10)
(11) . A .
(12) . . .
(13) "!$#%!'&)(+*,%-!$!$#%./
(14) 021435%#%.6#87:9<;67=&?>!. @?A. BDCFE6GGFEHCIJLKC8MN+O'K-PQ8 SR
(15) 2TVUMJWU. ^ i71& &BIK0:,(69&2^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Ji687O-YL:r""01,(69&2zgh6RV-gh"!z16] \( ^ ^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^Z ^Z J[&C;C #%&2&(69._gm# ^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^ Z _^ [ L:/69&2;269;u.:!/vXx#$R. ! [LO!/2#%p^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^_[ I`,2. #$R. ! Q!/2#% ^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z _^ [C^ Z Q 4C;Q'eO&2&^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z _^ [C_^ [ I eC&2&u$Ji687O -YLOr""01,(69&2T^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z _^ [C^ · n ^5Pb6!/<JQ,#TWV]o. ^z^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^· &:'eC®^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^· ^Z n ^5P\6!/uR"!"&2;C & &2%gmz!"&27469 71SsO# ^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^ · _^ [ q`/!"&2;¥&2";u,MR ^| &2;u!/2#% ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^· ^· ZQ&286;Csv]o. ^zG^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^` j[,(69.¥> #%Mgh/69#%h ^^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^ `2^ Z ZQ&286;CsG. ^5Pb6!/~&:,#TWVi \( ^z@^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^ `2_^ [ &2!. ,2&2l^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ^c. XHY. Z Z. [. JLKjC8Fflk5 UME/JLUM-G. mHY. [ Z. c `. X. . C^ NQRR8eC #B69S]a6! ´69&<P\2:; ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [C^ Z ^ Z NQ. &(69 &dj[ "!&uXx#$R. ! P\2:; ^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [C^ Z _^ [ P\:;C¥c(";~NQRR8eC #B69S]a6! ´69&\P<2:; ^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [C^ Z ^ · Xx/69 71M!""!&\9g¬g>6! ´69&<k^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [C_^ [ Q.U6e69&uP\2:; ^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [C_^ [C^ Z q`¥&(!' R."i69&2;HRRV"z^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [C_^ [C_^ [ NQ. &(69' n &2 6!"Wt.U6e269&~R:!"";C, ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [C_^ [C^ · NQ. &(69' n &2M69,2YLO;._.U6e69&uR:!"";C,^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [C_^ [C^ ` q ¥&O 6!"Wt.U6e269&~R:!"";C,$^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [C_^ [C^ c L:sO#$#%!pqo &:[S69,2-YLO;._.U6e269&uR:!";,v^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [C^ · &2!. ,2&2l^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^. · ·. [ [2` [ba [ba. ·[ ·bc ·bd ·bd. `fe `b` `Mg `Mg c e c/Z. c ` cbc c a c g cbn cbd abe abe a Z ab[ c.
(16) a. 28VGF
(17) Y. · ^Z · _^ [ · ^· · ^` · ^c. 0JLKCFFf CF
(18) . R-$TVUMJWUfG. 0& * &! 7 .H# ; V7: 143I%#%.6#87"! #;H714; V7b!. b. '. fFU. Xx&::;C,2!&\69&2;~WC*! 71" ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ n &2869 ´69U&\9go2M #$R. ! ,RM^| &2;~/!/2#%^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ ](, /69&2gh# ^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ NQ#$R. ¥c(!869&~g>6! ^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ NQ&(69. sO|9g 2SjQ "!Q!/2#%^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ c ^ Z I D"!9g &2!"&2&2!svWV ^"&~ #$R. ! [69&2;~'eCR. ! /69r"¯^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ c _^ [ n ^P\6!/~&:,#TWVQ "! ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^_a NQ&(69. sO|9gK69RR8eC #B69S /69 7rS #$R. ! 869#%&: ^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ g NQ. &(69Sj[ "!&<X#$R. ! QP<2:; ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ gO^ Z i.W(69.¬69&(69. sO^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ gO_^ [ n :!"69.o69&(69. sC%^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ n P\:;C¥c(";~NQRR8eC¥#B69/S]a6! ´69&<P\2:; ^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ n ^ Z i.W(69.¬69&(69. sO^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ n _^ [ n :!"69.o69&(69. sC%^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ d NQ. &(69' n &2 6!"Wt.U6e69&uR:!"";C,M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ Z e¢NQ. &(69' n &2M69,2YLO ;2'.t.U6e69&uR:!"";C,^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ Z eC^ Z i.W(69.¬69&(69. sO^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ Z eC_^ [ n :!"69.o69&(69. sC%^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ ZbZ qo &: 6!"Wt.U6e69 &uR:!"";C,u^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ ZbZ ^ Z i.W(69.¬69&(69. sO^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ ZbZ _^ [ n :!"69.o69&(69. sC%^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ Z [L:sO#$#%!@M69,2-YLO;._.U6e269&uR:!"";C, ^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ Z [C^ Z i.W(69.¬69&(69. sO^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ Z [C_^ [ n :!"69.o69&(69. sC%^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ · ^ Z8· &2!. ,2&2l^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^. (. E/$*),+.-
(19) 2UfU. JWKjC8Ff (. UTV
(20) . 2^ 0 WC*"! 7r"<^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ 2^ bP 69¥e:]2"M #$R. ! 869#%&: ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2^_[C^ Z M&2/69._R &2! R." ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2^_[C^_[ Q". ,&u9go2SPb69¥e:]2"S!/2#% ^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2_^ [C^ · I eC&2&u7O!",2 \( ^z^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2_^ [C^ ` I eC&2&u,&286;Cs \( ^zA^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2_^ [C^ c Xx#$R(6!9go2M. ^5Pb6!/~R"!"&2;C &2 & ^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2^ · q`"/7: &B2MPb69¥eO]2"MRRVxs ^| uq`"!"&2;C &&³^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2^ · ^ Z M&2/69.Dg¨/69#%h ^^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2^ · _^ [ ji/69 .t9g 2MR"!"&2;C & &d#B69¥e ^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2^ · ^ · N,. svPb69¥e:]2"M869#%&:zgm \( ^zQ6969. .tRV"";¢^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2^ ` 869#%&:Q9g 2MWV,&2;269"Q9g 2M!"#$R,/69&a69.¬;2#B6 &^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2^ `2^ Z I eCR. ! 869#%&:^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ ` Z ` _[. Y. ·. a a2` a c a a b. ag a d g$e. ·. g g$a. gbg gbg n e n e n/Z n [. 4· n4· n. n `. n a n a n a nbn nbd d e d e. $&% / m dbc d a d a dbd Z e Z Z eb[ Z e2` Z e c Z e c Z eg Z e n ZbZ e ZbZ e.
(21) g. 2^ 2^ xX #$R. ! z869#%&: ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ `2^ `2^ · bP 69¥eH9go2MWV,&2;269sH!"&2;C &2^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^. ZbZ e. 8C8N.. /m. ` ` _[. m. . ,VEHC )G FG+ ]TVU. RE. E/$ ),+.-)2UfU. (. (. UTV
(22) . . % QTU jCFUf U ) VE/F VG. ZbZ e. ^ Xx&::;C,2!&^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ ZbZc ^ Xx#$R(6!9go2SPb69¥e:]2"S #$R. ¥c(!869& ^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ ZbZ a i.W(69.¬69&(69. sO^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ ZbZ a c _^ [C^ Z n :!"69.o69&(69. sC%^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ ZbZ g c _^ [C_^ [ Pb69¥e:]2"TL:sO#$#%!@M69,2-YLO;.t/!/2#%~^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z [ Z c ^· i.W(69.¬69&(69. sO^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z [ Z c ^· ^Z n :!"69.o69&(69. sC%^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z [ Z c ^ · _^ [ Pb69¥e:]2"Sqo &: 6!"W¬!/2#% ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z [ · c ^` i.W(69.¬69&(69. sO^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z [ · c ^ `2^ Z n :!"69.o69&(69. sC%^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z [ · c ^ `2_^ [ I D"!9g 4<6RV"!z/69 ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z [ba c ^c P\]¬YLSLG/!/2#% ^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z [ba c ^c ^Z P\]¬q !/('#% ^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z [g c ^ c _^ [ &2!. ,2&2l^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z [ d c _^ a c Z c _[. . . ,EHC*)GFG. 8C8N.. RE. C^ aC^_[ aC^ · aC^ ` aC^ c aC_^ a aC^ g. . TVU (. E/$ ),+.-)2UfU (. UfT
(23) . . . % TU 'E FUM +R- UfG U ) VE/F VG6Y). Xx&::;C,2!&^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ q 69/69#%/Q9go2S,2;Cs ^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ aC_^ [C^ Z n ^5P\6!/uR(69/69#%T^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Xx#$R(6!9go7O!",2zRV"!/69.t/6;C ,2 #$R. ¥c(!869&~gmz,W2/&!M!86" ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ n ^5Pb6!/u7O!",2-;#$ &(69";~4 #%^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ ±[!",2|R"!"&2;C & &2d&a69&2!"'#%&Oi^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ P\]¬YLSLG/!/2#%S69&2;~P\]¬q /!/2#% ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ I D"!9g 4<6RV"!z/69 ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ aC^ gO^ Z j[ "!!/2#%u^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ aC^ gO_^ [ P\]¬YLSLv69&2;~P\]¬q /!/2#%"¢^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Ca ^ n &2!. ,2&2l^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ a Z. RE. O^ gO^_[ gO^ · gO^ `. . ,VEHC )G FG+ ]TVU. 8C8N.. (. E/$ ),+.-)2UfU. (. UTV
(24) .
(25) . % QTU O:GUfE6 ) VE/ G. 8· Z8·/Z Z8·4· Z8· ` Z8· a Z8b ·n Z8b ·d Z /Z. Z ` Z Z `f[ Z `b` Z `b`. '. Xx&::;C,2!&^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z `Mg q 69/69#%/Q9go2S,2;Cs ^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ` n ZQ&286;CsGR"!"&2;C & &2 ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z ` n #$R(69&<.:!/ P\69¥eO]2" ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zc4· gO^ `2^ Z Q4,.U69z4;^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zc4· gO^ `2_^ [ L:!/2";~4;^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zc ` gO^ c &2!. ,2&~^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zcbc g Z. . . E6GF : VJWUf$FEHC ))K?UM28JWUMG. /m. n Z. Zc g. ^ Xx&::;C,2!&^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ ^ P\:;._R.U69-gh#g¨/69#%h ^A^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^. n _[. Zcbn.
(26) n. ^ · ]o.^71'Q6 &2MW,#$R ^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zcbd ji"! R& ^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zcbd n ^· ^Z ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z abe n ^ · _^ [ 0 WC*"! 7r"9g 2S,2;Cs NQ&(69. sC|9g 2SP\69¥eO]2"igh/69#%h ^
(27) ^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z a Z n ^· ^· #$R(69/&<.:!/v/!/2#% @P\])!/2#%igmz,2W2&! \( ^ ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z a Z n ^· ^` #$R(69/&2z &~2M. ^5P\6!/u4 #%\^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z aba n ^· ^c P\#%sv/69r ^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z a d n ^ · _^ a &2!. ,2&2 ^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z g$e n ^· ^g qo/, . . \( ^ ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z g Z n ^` ji"! R& ^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z g Z n ^ `2^ Z ^n `2_^ [ 0 WC*"! 7r"9g 2S,2;Cs ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z g$[ #$R(69/&<.:!/v/!/2#% @P\])!/2#%igm AR = 1 ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^ Z g$[ n ^ `2^ · #$R(69/&~ghz!/2";H4;³^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z g · n ^ `2^ ` P\#%sv/69r ^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z g$a n ^ `2^ c &2!. ,2&2 ^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z g$a n ^ `2_^ a L:1"8=/"!"&2;HRW.# ^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z g n n ^c ji"! R& ^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z g n n ^c ^Z n ^ c _^ [ 0 WC*"! 7r"9g 2M"-!86)^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Z g d ZQ&286;CsGR"!"&2;C & &2 ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zn e n ^c ^· #$R(69/&2.:!/v!/2#% P\69¥eO]2"S!/2#%¦^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zn/Z n ^c ^` &2!. ,2&2 ^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zn4· n ^c ^c n. bb. / (. . 9<7#M# #;H;. E/$*),+.-
(28) 2UfU. 1435 # .6#87"! #;H71. JWKjC8Ff R- E/U . ; 7. ( &&#. 7=";. *, ! %)9. * &?>";. % QO:G2 Vb 2Uf
(29) ,2F jG. ^ `q "/&:/69&<9g 2p5NiL · P !":; ^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ JQ,#%!869._#%(1;2|gm|,&2,2!,";~4;l^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ d ^_[ Pb69¥e:]2"M #$R. ! 869#%&: ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ d ^· &2!. ,2&~^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ d ^` d Z. EHC8F VE/F . ]TVU. (. E/$ ),+.-)2UfU. (. UTV
(30) . % X + Y. jCUM kIUfG +B E6GUMG. A . . . Zn g Znbn Zd/Z Zd ` / m. C^ Xx&::;C,2!&^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zdbc Z eC^_[¢]o.^71'Q6 &2MW,#$R ^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zdbc ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zdbc Z eC_^ [C^ Z q 4 &u9g 2MRW.# Z eC_^ [C_^ [®q`,2RV4®^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zd a ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^ Zd g Z eC_^ [C^ · JQ,#%!869.t",. 69 M = 0.1 ^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ Zdbn Z eC_^ [C^ `569&2!". .U69&\zRW.# ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [be Z Z eC_^ [C^ c JQ,#%!869.t",. 69 M = 10 ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^ [be · Z eC_^ [C_^ a®JQ,#%!869.t",. 69 M = 0.5 Z eC_^ [C^ g¯&2!. ,2&2 ^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [be2` CZ ^ · · jXx&:7O!;uL: &2W,#$Rb(69&&2.^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [be c e Z eC^ `§&2!. ,2&2l^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [be n Z e Z. −4.
(31) d. ) VVbF.
(32) jUMC8C88 W 0ELk5UfU. (. . . . E/ " P + (. E6$T. . VJ. UM. U 8JLU. X- . ^ xX &::;C,2!&^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [ ZbZ ^ 2S86;CsGRW.# ^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [ Z [ ZbZ ^ · i71& &B"0:,(69&2^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [ Z [ ^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [ Zc ZbZ ^ `JQ,#%!869.¬69R2Rr6!/2" ZbZ ^ `2^ Z ]2,. . sv!"#$R" W.p. 71i^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [ Zc ^5P\6!/\6sO#$R!S!"#$R" W.p. 71^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [ Zc ZbZ ^ `2_^ [ n ZbZ ^ c JQ,#%!869.t/. ,&2Q^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [ Z a ZbZ ^ c ^ Z &:71r&2!"T69&(69. sCG^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [ Z a ZbZ ^ c _^ [®N[sO#$R!iR"/,'>W(6";~/. 7r|7Cz;&2 xs1>W(6/";~. 71T^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [b[be ZbZ _^ a¢J[&C/69&(69sH!86i^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [b[b[ ^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [b[b[ ZbZ _^ aC^ Z ji"! R&<9g 2iRW.# ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [b[ · ZbZ _^ aC_^ [®JQ,#%!869.¬. ,&2 ^ZbZ aC^ · ji&2 xs:>W(6";~. 71|7Cz6sO#$R!MR"/,'>W(6";~/. 7rB^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [b[ c _ ZbZ ^ g &2!. ,2&2l^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [ · e ZbZ Z ZbZ _[. B VfC8 VGF VG. XHY Y. ,VVU ))U. XHY. . E/$FUfG iTU. (. 'E UM +R UfG. R,)GUJ. . NT^ Z I`,.QIK0:,(69&2S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ N@^ Z ^ Z 6!"WU69&\P\69!""|gm|2M &:7O /!,; \2,Ce" /· Z ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ N@^ Z _^ [ /69&2gh#B69&u#B69!"" /· Z
(33) ^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ NT_^ [Ji687:-YL:1""01,(69&2 ^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ N@_^ [C^ Z ±[!",2 6!"WU69&<#B69!""A^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ N@_^ [C_^ [ ±[!",2zRV"!/69.t/6;C ,2@^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ . . :UM jJLEHj . VEHC*)GFG. XHY. ·g. [. ·g. [. ·. [ bn. ·. [ bd. ·. [ bd [2`fe X ' . [^ Z xX &::;C,2!&^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2` Z [_^ [ | 6!MR &2! R."¢^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2` Z i_^ [C^ Z n &2869!869.U69Q6;C71"!&u"0:,(69& ^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2` Z i_^ [C_^ [ ](,[LO" ^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2`f[ i_^ [C^ · NQ#$R. ¥c(!869&~g>6! ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2` · [^ · L:sC#9g`"0:,(69&2 ^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2`b` i^ · ^ Z n &2869 ´869&\9go2SsC# ^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2`b` i^ · _^ [ ](,z69&2-gh#³^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2` c i^ · ^ · NQ#$R. ¥c(!869&~g>6! ^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2` c [^ ` NQ&(69. sO|9g 2p69#$R. ¥c(!869&ugm6!^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2`fa i^ `2^ Z NQ&~'e269#$R.%} 2p69#$R. ¥c(!869&ug>6!z9g 2Sj[ "![LO. 7r^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2`fa i^ `2_^ [ n &, ^| ~2S!"&:71'r'&(!S/69³^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2`Mg i^ `2^ · I D"!9g 2M#%"~ ´8^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^M^S^S^ [2` n. + C8F E6KT . X m-.
(34) H A . 69& B! &:d #$R. ! G!/2) #%Hgm B!"#$R, &) !"2#$%RR""/ &:W .\69&2\;+. p 5;71RV""";;kaH z(B%;&¢7r,&2.R#%,2!&:,2@"9; g #%"2"8^iXx&<[ &::;C,2!&t3 | . .¬c2i'eCR.U69 & |:su2$#$#$/69U69pFB.>= K&24N|#$0:,2 >IKNM| &:"";H &v2M;7r.R#%&:Q9go,2!/~69&~ B !&: ( . 71'5gmz69. .¥RV""; ( z83 |!/ :. Q687469 .U69W.[69 2/699gDK2"69&2; |a69 z2 . #$ /69&28O&2'eO | . .a;/69 . Ufb. UMG. EH. -U
(35) . DTVU. ^. P . ^.
(36) ^ D^. ]\ ^. ^. \ ^. ^. l^. ^. \ ^ ^ i^. /^. 2Q/694sgm. .^";dp #$R71Q712Q'eC &T:.569&2;G&(69W.Q2[69&(69. sC9gt!"&Cc24,/69&2 (69i ^MR7O,2. sv,9go69&r4^ 2S4.W(69.o!"&:'eOQ9g`0 ^vz2p;71.R#%&:QW:sv2@IKN9g`&:,#%!869.¬:.zgm,2;CsO & W:s ^568s+9gT #T,.U69&2\/6gmxs+9gS&:,2!.869vR.U69&:vG2v&24s:>R:;C,2! &+;7:!""v,2!/¦6 gh,2.z!". .d69&2;OsO;Cr& &24sr^¢Xx&%.U69d!86vgh% &2/69&2!"43|6\#B6*%,2H$R"!. s 4,(69/69&:"[2,2Q9g_:sC;Cr,& ^| . .V#B69¥&H/6gh0 ^|2&G 4. sB&2r!i69&2;G&4. sB'eOR2. 4 7r 16 ^| . .MWV\#B6;A687469 .U69W.b)2br&2/69.MR,W. !4^ 2kI`,RV869&'e!"'. .&2!"k&2 ^QsC/6gh >LC6gmxsb9gzsC;Cr&)6T69&I`&24s569MR"!. sA69 #%@69T69&(69. sO´" &u2%CS9g|:!"!,&2!" 69&2;RV4 W.G!"&2"0:,2&2!""9g[6u&:,#TWV9g:sC;Cr&C>.U69";+6!"!;&:/69.5R2&2#%&(6\ &;@ "/69W. A:sC;Cr&C>"!/&2.r"@6p6v!";C W.d69. &(69 7r%H!"&:71&:&(69.,!""S9g5&24sA69&2; %169 &<R,W. !@6!"!"R/69&2!"Tgh2 [;269 . sH,24^|Xx&u;QB86!/<2"Srr69.83a2S#%#TWV[9gK2 &2 ^%R.U69&dT!869s%,&:,#%,25'eCRV #%&:/69.D69&2;B&:,#%!869.D,2;C"8C69#%&@2"#%#TWV83 2 n 69WV/69 %;D = `,2;"S;" /69&2-gmMi;P<E"!869&0:,2;"i]o. ,;"% nO P\] n 69WV/69s<gh 2@,2;Cs~9g /69&2-gh[R2&2#%&(6v69&2;\9?g \2,;<#%"!/(69&!"'3VWV.&4 &vd2I Nl!"&:[.:!869"; &LC6!.U68s13D(6M;71.RV";A6G&H'eCRV$&b2$,2;Cs\9g2:sO;Cr&ku &k!"&:/69 &2";k,2 ,4Bs1869K9g_6! 7O xs &%25c(.;%9gD! 7O .2&:,2!.869&4 &2" &69&2;$K&2 ^+,& &p 'eORV/ ^569;z2ic(.;~9gog¨,2.t!". .69&2;H:sC;Cr&u&24s1^ n B,2B&2 ^WV<6b. .~#%<RV"!¥c(!u&¢2u!"&2!"RG9gi:sC;Cr&¢ &2!"~ B G6b1sg>6! &+2~;71.R#%&:d9gS6 \( ^5. 71$gmB69. .¥RV""; \( ^z8^¢N|%#%~/69r"B9gS6!"!;&:d/!"'&a694 &&:,2!.869@R.U69&:83o:sO;Cr&#B68skWV%.86/";pr&2/69"; &2;G6H&:,2!.869T86!@,2!/)6p2 !,&:Q69&2;vg¨,,SIKqhE86!,QFI 69,uqK",E"5z q
(37) ¦hq`",";
(38) 6986! 26 86! 71p#$¥eO,T9g 69 83 ^569[869# 69&2;u:sO;C/r'&\#B68sv2&<.:!869. . svgm# 69&2;u &2"!""/69sH WVQ69W.zp6!"!,/69. s$R";C!2;C W,&G9g (/z;C D&: 16 RV"!"K &2;z2zr"#%s$ & ;T!""!. sd #T,.U69Q2Q!"#TW,2&vR:!"" gm:sO;C/r'&t^`Xx&2;";_3O;RV&2;C &$&d2.:!869. !"&2!"&:/69&~9gtRV"!"569&2;d&G2R"&2!"[9g_#$ 169&H;7O!""83::sO;Cr&G#B68s%W,&dgh. . ^| & ;C D&:v#%1;2A \a69#%b;C ,2&_3z.:!869.MG4.W(69.M; \a694/69&_3i6!"!"./69"4; \a69#%"3;&(69&a $&2$W,&¢69B69. .>^+LO9!869. ."; 0D #%:;.B n ,#$RV";O>R(69/69#BB#%:;.%(687rvWV"& &:/'&( 7r. s ,2";)gh$sr869 ^|2&¢!"69s: &A6ghxs,2;C"%69&2;(6871v,2!"!"/ 7r. s69. . ^";bW/69 & 687r/69r"; 7469. ,2"%ghB#$RV/69,43|R"/,<69&2;¢!/2#$!869.iRV"!"d!"&2!"&:/69&_^ [ ^71832"~#%:;.. +"3- 7%'!79VUW6A*K@B"9CNX"9 9+D7&09/'Y1-/Q9: "!%'6E#"IB$1"Z "3%',&())-++% *,%.-/-+%'!0&E28 1 "3'48'9 35FG*7"36.7"% H8')9+&4'I !09+J9:-+649:$; "3&409?9+&#&79/""!8K*<'-:L$'D0"D79/: -:=>"&<% 1&M30%'-N>34"30-:9'OQ9)P>"3R79)9T&.S0!0DB-+9T9:"?9C"19:'"3-/0"%& Z e.
(39) . ZbZ. 69H,&(69W.~/kR7:;<6k;/69 .";+ &Cgm#B69& &¢2H.:!869.Q!"&2!"&:/69&9gi2~16"BB& 6 /69¥c(!869&dR:!""^KL:RV"! ca![] j¦:.K(6871|:,2 WV&d;71.RV";% &d; p6"`2zCK9g 4& /69W . xs\69&2;\;&(69&k9gK16Q#$¥eC,"QW:su. 7: & ^| \ 4C>". ,&A!/2#%"Q2pg¨,. . · j sC#%9g¬!"&2769&v.U6 ^zr71& &@20 \( ^z,&2 ;
(40) 5 !"&2;/69&k}¬( nO P\]A(6;71.RV"; &+R(69!,.U69d2H&O,#%!869.R.U69-gm# NiL · P ` 6l ^. .Q6%2 0 J[ZML!":; _a 3 & !". .U69WV/69:& ^| H2iXY[LOJhXx&2 ,5RV,5.U6@[6;CR"!&u5.U6$L:©EiJQ,2!.E869 TJ[69&(69. Xx&2 ,ighz[6;CU69&<69&2;~JQ,2!."69iLC6ghxs2'^ 2 \( ^zu&2!",&:"; ^|2& #T,.U69 &¢:sC;Cr& .8669&2; !"#TW,2& & 2b.U69r!869. r"#%"[xsOR!869.o9gK&:,2!.869[86!M69T'eC#%. s~7469";D3 ^| b6%.U69rTRV"!,# 9g R(6!"@69&2; #%d!/(69/6!!G!869."@69&2; \( ^4 #%"G}Sgmp &2/69&2!"43`6~/69¥c(!869&)R:!""p#B68sk.U6Sgh 2,? ^| .z6i!"#TW,2&%R:!""? ^| . .WV|71`¥&B6[#B69K9g "!"&2; ^| .52 ^|2.|7r. ,#%|9gD6 # M3 ^| vr"#%!869._W2/6!."#%86, &$71/69.V#%83O(QxsOR!869. I q 9 q
(41) 569WV, .&4G9gt6iW86!/d &B50000 2zR #B69s%! !, 5 ^| . .aWV9g_6igmh ^¢!"&: #%M3 ^|!/d 69.S2 ´89gD2 \a69#%gh&:o(69o#T,2oWV56!"!,/69. s@!"#$R,"; &; i6/"¬2 &2;C,2!"";$;Cs:&a69#$ !.r6;4.U683 6@69. 86;CsARV &:";,283¬:sC;Cr&)!"#TW,2&#B68sk4 71%/%~71s ^869O. sA!"#$R" W.Q \( ^z gmS6G. ^; \a694/69&S6 \a69#%$;C V,2&kW,p69.Gv 4. s\!"#$R" W.$R2&2#%&(6 ^|2&6 ;&2/69&$/691"¬R.U6!"4H^
(42) 2&$!"&Cg¨&:"; ^| ,2!/$06 ^|;5RV"!,#9Hg \( ^z83 ^[#B69¥&$/69/'4" !869&WV5!"&2;";H}_2c2 &2|69 #%K69`;7r.R &SR(69/69. sT2#%4K69RRRU6969&2;$6!"!,/69 &:,#%!869.C#%2:;Tgmo86!/@xsORV96g \a ^zV ^| .2/"!"&2;@&2o&:";@ ^569;o2;7r.R#%&: 9g69& "69. .¥>R,RV4 D\( ^/. 7r8^S.869. sr-3 ^|2&b;71.R &v2$NML · P R.U69-gh#~3 2T&2"!""/ xs MWV69W.|S!"#$R,zWV<h0:,(6£o &2!"#$R" W.Q69&(;%!"#$R" W.] \( ^zK(6KWV"&d6i#B6*-K,2 69&2;2v&2'eC$R(69/694/69R 9g[% &::;C,2!&¢%&: . s;7r";A6k01,!/;"! R&¢9gi2 /69i9gt2M695169;C &$2[;" 4&v9g 69. .¥RV""; \( ^§/. 7r83C!"#$R."; ^| ~69&v717Oh ^¦9g¬2 'eC &%!/2!""#B6; ^| &~2TNML · P :.¬69z2S/69z9g i ^V^ ; !"#$R"/ W. 'U UMCF KjJWUM EHC8C + GK"UfUM j P G C Uf2G 2 ' &2!"#$R" W. \( ^z 69&2 \( ^z b!&:¥c(!A!"#$#T,& "~(6871\.&WV"&§ ^R(69/69 ^.;83i6v . . ,2/69";§W:s 2\gm6! 'gm&2!"<WV:Ov& 2<&:,#%!869.i#%2:;vRV"!¥c(!<)86!/¦9gS2" \( ^ 4 #%~69u,2,(69. .¥s 69. #%4u'e!. ,2 71. s¦;7r"; +&2A~2A2h"bgmH &2/69&2!" _[g gmH"!/&0:,2"uRV"!¥c(! !"#$R" W. \( ^RW.#%v,2!/6d2bi:;C,&27+/!/2#%\69&2; _[2` ghd#%2:;d.U69"; &2!"#$R" W. \( ^§RW.#%z,(!/~6gh/6!&(69._RH|R9*!&~#%2:;'^ Q ^7183Ogm|#% s1869&2 ^S3C6p!"&: &:,2,2| (6WV"&v;7r";dTW, .;C &@W;Cr"WV ^"&v2" ^ ^.; 3 #% 7469";W:sb2$g>6!@6H&:,#TWV@9g|869.¥ ^.;69RR. !869&2;CR.U68sA #T,. /69&2",2. s \( ^4&2 (69M#B69 &"&:U69. . s< &2!"#$R"/ W.B69&2;k2 ^|2$!"#$R"/ W . xsb D"!M:!"!,T69&2;b(687r kWV~/691&+ &:6!"!",&:8Q'e269#$R."B9gM &:"%gm%2<I N (687r~WV"&¢4 7r&69WV7r: ^| ¢2 7469,2SR2&2#%&(6~¥&O7r. 71";k &A2$:sC;Cr&!"#TW,2&R:!""T69&2;69&22T'e69#$R.%.U69"; A6&(69,!869./,2"#B68s)WVGgh,&2; & _ab[ ^| +2H,2;Cs)9gM6\7r!869.z/691' §69&2;.U69&2;C & 69 !/6gh ^|2T2 \( ^
(43) 7rQ2T!"#$R.$69 !/6gh[ &<.U69&2;C &H ,(69&\#B69 &2i. ^5RV"";<2&2!" &2!"#$R" W. ^| .S2 \a ^#$¥";vgh#2M#B69&2:,7O &S*|| 4. sv!"#$R" W.4^ N[%"!869. .";¢ &¢2u"!"'&Od7:h ^R(69RV `f[ 3(~#B6*-G;C &2!"uWV ^5&2~ &2!"#$R" W. 69&2;u!"#$R" W.TI`,.[Ji687O-YL:r"Q"0:,(69&2. "z &u2p!"&: &:, xsh#B6!"&27469&a "0:,(69&_^q`,. s &2!"#$R" W. \( ^. 71@. s&R",'>W(6";)#%2:;3K:,2$!/&2"; WV"!869,22@R",@i,2";k6M6d#B69RR &HR(69/69#%Sv/69-ghs~2!"&: &:, xsb"01,(69&_
(44) 3 ^|!/ 69d,2,(69. . s)69RR. ";) &) ^\R2v}$2d#%#%&:,# "01,(69&2%69G. 71";¥&+6Hc2R_?3 ^| 6 R",Q4/6;C&:5!"#$R,";dg¨#2QR", &d2QR7:,2 #%QRG #$R. s$&2/69r&G &: 6!"!",&:83C@6ps:.;G69&v69,CeC . U69s%71.1! xs$c(.;DO2QR",zc(.;d 2&v!"#$R,";d &H6S/"!"&2; R_32g¨# 6%qo/&<"0:,(69&_3( &<,2!/\+6 ^568sv2T69,CeO . U69sH71.:! xsH#B69R2Q&:d6%;C 71r&2!"'mg¨" . 3.
(45) . Z [. 71.:!¥Ysuc(.;D3D:,2S/69-ghsO &v'e26!. s<2$!"&: &:, xsb"0:,(69&_^q`,. sb!"#$R" W. \(^l. 71 69;&2 xs:>W(6";D3#%869& & 2s. s
(46) &2/. ,&l9gG2)#B6/83@#%#%&:,# 69&2;&24s "0:,(69&2 ^| &6k69&:sORV'WV.¥!sC# 9gG!"&27469&.U6 ^z\gm\2k9gd!"&27469 71 7469U69W." (ρ, ρV~ , ρE) ^|2 ρ v2A;&2 xs13 V~ 2b71.:! xs7r"!<69&2; E 2kRV"!¥c(!b/69. &24s1^ N c2A/694s
(47) ;7r.R®69&69. .¥RV""; \( ^ . 7r!",.;WV2'gm§ #$R.#%&:WV R",'>W(6/";¯69&2;®;&2 YslW(6";#%2:; ^| &®2!":;4^ ^56)R"!. s;&(¢gh 2NiL · P 9g¨ ^569 ^|!/
(48) R7O;"b&
(49) &2(69&2;6+R"/,'>W(6";
(50) /. 7r83Sgh\!"#$R, & &2!"#$R" W.$i. ^5RV"";\7469U69W.;&2 x:s \( ^zM,2!/k6i&2!",&:/'/;k &b/69¥c(!869&kR:!"" 69&2;¦&¦2k2v(69&2; 6;&2 xs1>W(6";§. 71G,2 &2:!/1!869R, &¢!"&27469 7rb"!/&01,2" gmk!"#$R, &;&(69&lRW.#%8^ P\)R2"!'/. sr32)R2",'>W(6";#%2:;A69RR. "; )2A6s:#$R!A69RR8eC #B69&9gT2bJi687:-YL:/r"H"0:,(69&2H &¦2\. #$ ~9g@#B69. .MPb6!/ &:,#TWV83 ^|!/ 69. . ^zvc2. H,v2k6!",2! ^56871"8i2bRa6!b;C! ´69& GW(6";¦& 2G]o & 'I`.#%"&:$#%2:; ^| .G2d #%H6;C7469&2!"#%&:@RV-gm#%";),4+6<#$¥> #$R. ! R9*"!&l69. r #~ ^
(51) 2&;869. &S ^| ;&a69&R2W.#%83T2 D!k9gB7O /!"4 xs69 &24."!";di(69 2zIK,.'"01,(69&2 #B69 &BMWVz. 71";$,2 &S,MR ^| &2;d;C! ´69&d"!/&01,2" ^| & 6k!". . !"&:/'/";¢]o & '>± . ,#%Hgh#T,.U69& &+r&2/69.z,&2,2!,";+4;8^ 2H,M R ^| &2; !/2#%"|687469 .U69W.[ &~NiL · P 69[ 2|9gt20 \2,CeB71"!5R. &xsORVF ^| G±69& n "5/!/2#% g d gh &2/69&2!"'3C9gt2i \2,Ced;C D&2!"[R. &xs:RV4M3 ^| G2[:Q!/('#% _ag 5.:sOW; !/2#%"Q,2!/<6z2pNzZiLOP !/2#% `fa ^ (M #%'> &:4/69&\zRV-gh#%";< 2Q'eCR. !¥.¥s~ &<69&H #$R. ! 0 ^568sb3C,2¥&2B6$JQh ^|&C«isO.7~69RRr6!/_^ Nc2p;C/6 ^|W(6!/A9gz6v:.K. sO &u&,2!/6;O>2:!%&:,#%!869."!/&0:,2"SS2$&2"";A~;7r.R #%b6>RM:&2 ^|.";Crk&2 \( ^9gp &:"H6d)WV< &RV4 &¦)."!v2<RRV "!/&0:,24^K[ ^ 7r 8 3C 2[ #B 69 &u;C/6 ^|W(6!/v9g ,2!/u6@/694sd5(69| z #$R. sdgm69 . ^|2&~2 \( ^z ,&2;i,2;Cs ;CR.U68sH&2869. s~ &2!"#$R" W.69&2;u 4. su!"#$R" W. \( ^4&28^ Xx&2;"";D3a6sO#$R!S#%:;.i69S769. ;u&. s ^|2&u2pPb6!/u&:,#TWVQ#B69. .¬&2,4¨xs:R!869. . sH,R M = 0.3 ^| .v!.U6!869.|;&2 xs:>W(6";)#%2:;@g>69 .\!""!. s)!"#$R,v &:7:/!W; \( ^z & ^|!/G2QPb6!/d&:,#TWVWV"!"#%":p. ^¨xsOR!"69. . s%."/ (69& '^ Xx&2;"";DM3 ^|2&G2QRV"; 9gV25#B69U69H. ^568715WV"!"#% #B69. /. ^z¥$"RV"!`/[2z6!",2M!|RV=""0.1;D3r2|I`,. sC#WV"!"#%" ^|!/ ."6;2v+67rs. ^!"&:71r&2!"k/69\86;Cs:/69<gmH/69&2;269;§;&2 xs1>W(6"; #%2:; g c 1#%"718f3 ^|2& M → 0 31/#%z!"#$RV&2&:9gD2|&:,#%!869.V;C/ R(69&B &::;C,2!""; W:sH,MR ^| &2;C &GWV"!"#%T'e!"" 71. sv 4_3 ^|!/<sO.;RV:. s:x6!"!,/69Q71&u/69. . 's ^|& \( ^ . ,&2 _[ n ^ ,& &bu2G"!"&2;)/694s13 u2G;71.R#%&:$9gQ69&69. .¥RV"";)P\6!/C> &2;RV&2;"&: &:,#%!869.Q#%2:;D3|"01, "d 2deC&2;+2 ' &2!"#$R" W. ~R",'>W(6";+#%2:;d 42Pb6!/H&:,#TWVi \( ^zzz$'eC&2;v2 !"#$R" W. S;&2 xs:>W(6";H#%2:;z$. ^ Pb6!/ &:,#TWV' \( ^z8^ 2\c2~R& (6HWV"&'eOR."; &2!"k2bWV4 && & 9g@2k71&:" _[ d 69&2;#%H%."$!"&: &:,(,2. s &2!"v2& g 3 _a n 5$. &2H9g ^(6$R/W(69W. s!,. #$ &(69"; ^| 2G"!"&:+ ^ cbd ^ 2v"!"&2;R&(6@WV"&2vWC*"!$9g2,4 &:71" 169&2 &2!"G2d#$;O 4:"83 ^| 2G/#$ &(69I. ^59g ,1. g c 3 W,@c2&2; @:@ &&2G9gQ2 869. "@69#$R69T;C/6 ^| &\!"&&2"!&2TWV ^5& &2!"#$R"/ W.G69&2;!"#$R" W.l \( ^/.¥7O & "!/&0:,2"83&(69#%. s2u69¥c(!U69.Q!"#$R" W . xs#%2:;¢;7:/";W:s2 & Zc |%#%2:; ,&2b2)sC# 9gd!"&27469&.U6 ^zbr7r& &69&
(52) &2!"#$R" W. \( ^ &:§69&
(53) :sORVWV. ! sC#®9g¬!"&27469&v.U6 ^z(69|!869&GWV[. 71";d,2 &&2[9gt2[#B69&:sB/!/2#%"5;7r.RV";Ggh2 !"#$R" W.dI`,.TpJi687:-YL:1"p"0:,(69&2dh,2!/6S2%:%!/2#%$ghS &2/69&2!"43¬R7:;"; 2\ r&2sC# !869&WV\!"#$R,";('^ 2b69RR. !869&§9gp2b69¥c(!U69.i!"#$R"/ W . xs¢#%2:; . . .
(54) 8·. Z. #B69 &2. #$ ";)<R,. s &2!"#$R" W.,\(^z8 2^7r832 &_=?@;86 ^56@.U69'eCR. ";)W:s ,1. g c ^|2~RRV4/";~#T,. R. sA2% #%'; 7469 7rG9g|2dI`,.T:sORVWV. !dsC# ^z¥ 6)9!869. .";¦. ^5Pb6!/¦R"!"&2;C &2 &+#B69¥e¦;" 4&2";¦69. H2k6!",2!kRV"";§6/1!U69"; ^| kSsC# &A,2!/6 ^568sb69. .K r&:7469. ,2"S9g2 \2,Ce 6!"WU69&A#B69¥eb#B69 &A9g2$/69#% ;Q ^|2&¢2uPb6!/+&:,#TWVdr:"%/k´83:,2G6871;C &2~&:,#%!869.[ &2"$,24^ 2 R"!"&2;C & &2u#B69¥eb &::;C,2!"";kW:s ,1?. ^56S;" 4&2";bWOs ^: &~&6dgm#T,.U69&9g2 I`,.<"0:,(69&2~ & #%u9g$&:R!769U69W." (p, V~ , S) 3 ^|2 p ~2kR",69&2; S ( &:R:s13_H6Mv;"!",R.$2R","0:,(69&bgh#2('p7r. ,&"01,a69&2S &2!"&2.¥s 2\R",b"01,(69&§GWVk6 "!";W:s¢2k69RR. !869& 9gTR"!"&2;C & &(p #$R.\#B69¥e /69&2-gm#B69&2%69. . ^z@('&<"!"71'2dR"!"&2;C &28;I`,.$"01,(69 &('eCR""; &)#% 9gv!"&27469 717469U69W."83 ^|!/l&:,#%!869.d!/2#%"A;2'71.RV";gmk2)gh,. .¥s!"#$R" W. sC#³!"69&WVv;C "!. s69RR. ";D^)](. . ^| & ,1.>3 /'71/69.5"869!/2B,2!/+6B2 P\:. Z ` 3
(55) L:#$ nbc 3|±69& n " n e 3z±K&469" ^569/69 & P\O. n/Z 3|(6871<RRV4"; 2 ^|&R"!"&2;C & &2A#B69¥eD^)NQ. 2,4+; 71";)g¨# ;C D'/'&O$R .4R"d69&2;)g¨# ;C &: \9g%769U69W."h&:R!gm ,r.69&2;± 69& n "83p7O!",2<R #$ 7r (p, V~ , T ) gmb2 P\:.~69&2;
(56) A/ L:#$ a'3569. .|2"vR"!"&2;C &2G69H!.4. s.U69";D^]($ &2/69&2!"432s 69. .|WV"!"#%~ &4,.U69l ^|2& M = 0 b2s69. .|"01,2¥/~6b!,- ¦7469. ,2Ggh$2 %R(69/69#%8^+N[ 69. 86;CsRV &:";,83`R"!"&2;C & &A2GsC# 9gQ!"&2/769&.U6 ^zT&2 ^| 2,$ D"!& 2T&:,#%!869.`!/2#%69RR. ";</B2@sO# }gmQ &2/69&2!"43 ^|2&k69RR. sO &vQ14=?0 \2,CeO;C D&2!" R. &v!/('#%Td2pR"!"&2;C &(";bI`,2. M"01,(69&23a2T#B69¥e:>W(6/";<&:,#%!869.`;C R(69& #T,2WVQ!"&2,2!";dgh#2&( ^¦ r&2sC#6:!U69"; ^| G9g¬"01,(69&231gm,&(69. s 687469 .U69W.@ &b!.4";ugm# ^|2&b2 ,1.oR"!"&2;C &2 &H[,2";h/" n4· '^ n ^5P\6!/k&:,#TWV R"!"&2;C &2";A7r&2M9g2NzZiLOP 3 i69&C n 6eO>769& n "M 69#%"&_=?TZMLOq§/!/2#%"S69 "RV"! 71. sGR7O;";H & `fa c/Z
(57) gbg ^ 2z!/2!"9gD69&d69. .¥RV"";%R",'>W(6/;B. 71K69&d69. .¥RV"";%;&2 xs1>W(6";B. 7rKK"&:U69. . s ;#$ &2"; W:s 2k & U69.S &:71"#%&:u9g@2k!":;A;71.RV~ ^569;u&2k9g@uRV"!¥c(!869. . s /69r";$"!/&0:,2M}t &$2|!86|9ga2NML · P!":;43r2z69#%,&: 9gV D`R,` &:i2|;7r.RC #%&:i9gK 4C>//. ,&b,MR ^| &2;b!/2#%"Qgh[/. 7: &v!#$R2" W. \( ^zi&\r&2/69.o,&2,2!,2"; 4;(6#% 769";2G #$R.#%&:/69&¢9g ,1.5. ^5P\6!/&:,#TWV$R"!"&2;C & &/b6@ 4 71@69&k69. .¥RV"";b!869R(69W . xs<d2@. 718^ 2@R"!"&2;C &2";b,MR ^| &2;b!/2#%"%h:43 N|ZMLOP #$R.#%&:"; ^| &lNML · P (6871AR/7r";2 k69W . xs +sO.;
(58) 6!"!,/69). ,&2b9g$WV ^869O. sA69&(;A 4. s!"#$R" W.Q \( ^z8V3 ^| 6u!"&:7rr&2!"d<86;CsA/69%.U69r. sA &2;RV&2;&: gh#¯2[gh""869#Pb6!/H&:,#TWV83(69. .DRRV"zR"!. sv'eORV"!";vgh#¯2i,2/i9g`6T. ^|P\6!/ R"!"&2;C & &2 c ^ Xx&BR/6!!"43O 5 ^56 W2 7r";B2 ^71(695!/2#%" &2!. ,2;C &@R"!"&2;C && #B68su;CR.U68s<#%T.U6!/u9g W,2&2"$ 2@!"#$R,/69&kW. ^z[,R\WV"!869,2@9g 2@:!"!,&2!" 9g`&2&C>R:sC!869.o/69"83a,2!/\6&2169 7rp7469. ,2"Q9g`2SR",4H3 ^| &<2 \( ^Q'(W2,2&2" ,2"#%idWV@.U69"; ^| k2@,2$69&2;b;'c2& &A9g56G!,- §hi. #$ &:Q7469. ,2@R"! WV"; ^|2&G!"#$R, &@2R(69/69#%|69RRV869 &@ &B2R"!"&2;C & &#B69¥e% &G;SR71&:2 #B69¥eugh# WV"!"#$¥&2~ &4,.U69S69 M = 0 3 &(69#%. s~gmi/694&(69& \( ^S^SN. 2,4k !,- ;'c2& &<|&2 ^,2";H &u71sv!"#$R,/69&_3a zz . .t;CX B!,. %R #$ ´8p z769. ,2igm!"#$R.'e RW.#~^~LO71/69.;'c2& &2@9g52 !,- B69d687469 .U69W.4V3 ^|!/;RV&2;&2%&(69,B9g|2 \( ^ ¨ &:7:!;+$7O!",283 86;Cs)$,&286;Cs$69&2;+69.k&+2v4;,2";)gm2~!"#$R,/69& ¨4,.U69i[!/2";D3 ^|!/\#B68sH &::;C,2!"69&b6RV"!Q/69B &<2T!,- ;'c2& &a'^P\"7183 RV4 W.Qp,2/[ 6S 4.W(69. !,- gh20 ^|2.i!"#$R,/69&(69._;#B69 &H56p.:!869. !,- & 86!/k!"&:.`!". .z g$a ghM6B.U69r@7Oh ^9g,2!/k!86"'^pLO#%$69,2i";\d,&¥ghs<69. . 2 ;'c2& &2zW:sd;C &4, &%86!/~!86 n/Z O&2712."83C z69RRV869|@WVi . .D!/(69. .&4 &%@r 6T #$R.[W,| B!&: !',2- [;'c2& &_^ 5RV &: ^| . .VWVi;869. ^| v &G ^BW,I ^565&2 . .
(59) . Z `. 2M1sd,2i(69z#% 7469";~2MR"&:,2;Cs1^`Xx&vg>6!83&2!"S/. 7r";v2S69. .¥RV";'\(^ ,2S69&2; 2i. 71|69RR. ";v@869.¥>. ¥ghM!"#$R,/69&2| &:71. 7: &%6T71's%.U69r[&:,#@WV'z9g¬4;GRV &:5WV"!869,2 9g2@&2"";\v;C! ´8$ #T,. /69&2",2. s<(@.69r/!869.r"#%s\9g56d!"&:/69 &#%&:T69&2;bRV"!¥c(! 4&2,2!/G6 2&2 4:WV2::;G9gt6MW286!/_3: 69RRV869";d2J[h ^|&C«is:.7% #$R. ! 869#%&: ,2";+gmGRV"";C &>,R2\!"&:7rr&2!"\86;Cs:/69 ^|6d:#%#%s1!"&2,#$ &2^ (~c2 #% 7469&9g ^ ^56S2'gh%H;2'71.R_3t #$R.#%&:@69&2;k7469. ;269+ ^| &NML · P 69& 69. &(69 715 #$R. ! K869#%&:" ^|!/%!",.;$ DK6Q";C,2!"";$#%#%sT"0:, #%&:" ^| .5R"7: & 2\4.W(69.M B!&2!s9gT2b!":;403 ^| ¦2k6;;C &(69.p69&2;¦!,2!U69.S!"&2/69 &:HR7O;b,2!/ RRV"pgmp2l ^|2.B/69&rB9gzPb6!/&:,#TWV83o(69TS &2!. ,2;C &\2%,2B9g|R"!"&2;C & &22^ 2d&2'eC@R(69/694/69R ^| . .&2 ^;"! WVG2G/694skgm. . ^";) &) ^< #$R71G71@2 'eC &$ #$R. ! Q!/2#%M &~2SRV"!¥c(!S!"&:'eC9g`6R"!"&2;C &2";<!"#$R" W. \( ^. 718^ " P + f G 8JLKC8Ff 2UfE/JLUG EHC8C + GK"UMUf PlG L: &2!"S2ic(WC*"! 7rp9g 0 ^G <;" 4&6~.^¯!4T #$R. ! !/2#%Bgm@69. .¥RV"; \(^z83j^|2d.^5!"4T#%869&2@WV).^®!"# R,/69&(69. !"4i69&2;u. ^
(60) /69r43 6c2QRu&(69,/69. . s~d'e69#$ &2T2p'eC &d.^
(61) [69->.86 ";C,2!"";A!"4S/694"MghS!#$R2" W. \( ^l. 718_2$"!"&2;k/'R^| . .`WV2%6;269R/69&9g ,2!//694" QR"!"&2;C &28;$!/2#%"8^oji" 4& &S6. ^5!"4 #$R. ! 869#%&:`#%869&2 /.¥7O & 6T#T,. ¥WC*"! 7rSR #$ ´69&~RW.# & ^|!/~&2i.1Cgm2M #T,. /69&2",2|#$ & #$ ´694&u9g 2G!"#$R,/69&a69.| #%G &:7r. 71"; &)2v!"&:71r&2!"G\86;Cs¨R:sC!869.5;C,(69.£T/69H69&2;)9g 26:!U69";b/69rT"01, #%&:8^ 2T#$ & #$ ´69&A9g!"#$R,/69&(69.K!"4i!869&\WVpRV-gm#%"; W:s!"&2; &6b ^9WC*"! 7ruRW.# &2!"H2~4.W( 69.Q !"#$R,/69&(69.[!"4BRV&:%k86!/6 86;Cs:/69uv6!#@W &(69&§9gM &: &2!< B!&2!s
(62) 2u&:,#TWVv9gS /69&2G&2"";"; 86!/p86;Cs:/69M69&2;A,& p!"4MRVp /69&_^ 0 71/69. .>3¬;"¥4&2¥&2\69& B!&:TS. ^5!"4 #$R. ! !/2#%B#%869&2pc2&2;C &k6~. ,&)9gz2 WC*"! 71dR #$ ´69&)RW2. #,#$#B69¥´8"; &]o 2V^ eC_^ eC^ Z ^GZ[,(69. . sr3t2%#B6eC #$¥´69&9g5 &: &23!B B!&2!sr3o(69pS2$#$ & #$ ´694&)9g|2 Cost per point and per iteration (to minimize). Intrinsic Efficiency (to maximize) Memory Storage (to minimize). ]o 4, Ce ^_eC^ Z }Kji" 4&~9g`69&u B!&:z #$R. ! 869#%&:T}K6@#T,. ¥WC*"! 7rpR #$ ´69&<RW.#~^.
Documents relatifs