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The Wolf and the Whale: aesthetic relationships between electroacoustic music and poetry inspired by the Canadian landscape

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Université de Montréal

The Wolf and the Whale

Aesthetic relationships between electroacoustic music and poetry

inspired by the Canadian landscape

par Theo Mathien

Faculté de musique

Thèse présentée à la Faculté de musique en vue de l’obtention du grade de doctorat

en composition électroacoustique

Janvier 2014

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Membres du jury

• Jean Piché – Directeur du jury

• John Young – Membre externe du jury • Robert Normandeau

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Résumé

La présente thèse explore les relations esthétiques entre la poésie et la musique. Elle examine les éléments qui unissent et qui différencient les deux formes d’art, en mettant l’accent sur les caractéristiques que la poésie contemporaine et la musique électroacoustique ont en commun. Pour tenter d’expliquer la façon dont les caractéristiques de la poésie peuvent servir d’outil de composition musicale, ce document s’appuie sur des recherches récentes et plus anciennes concernant la musique et le récit, l’esthétique des musiques électroacoustiques, la psychoacoustique, la poétique, la sémiologie, la linguistique ainsi que l’histoire de la poésie et de la musique.

Cette approche globale présente une analogie entre le son environnemental et le mot poétique, communicateur d’image, de sentiment et d’histoire qui, lorsque recontextualisé en musique, peut à la fois transmettre et provoquer des émotions. En effet, dans la musique électroacoustique, le son environnemental peut détailler de manière explicite les caractéristiques d’un espace acoustique réel; cependant, grâce à la transformation créée par le traitement du signal, le son peut également passer du côté abstrait. Ce mouvement entre les sons perçus comme réels et ceux perçus comme abstraits se compare à celui observé dans la poésie contemporaine. Les deux formes d’art peuvent également exprimer un sens littéral et symbolique. La présente thèse cherche à définir la façon dont ces éléments communs, entre autres, permettent de surmonter les obstacles intercommunicationnels naturellement entraînés par les différences syntaxiques entre la poésie et la musique afin de permettre une interprétation associative de la poésie en musique.

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La thèse se termine par l’analyse musicale de quatre compositions, dont trois ont été créées grâce au soutien du Conseil des arts du Canada. Ces trois pièces, qui forment le noyau de mon doctorat, exemplifient la musique inspirée par la poésie et composée à partir d’enregistrements de sons environnementaux. Trois œuvres des poètes canadiens John Steffler, Don Domanski et Marilyn Dumont évoquent les différentes régions du Canada d’où les enregistrements sont tirés. Ces poèmes, variés sur le plan esthétique, utilisent un langage distinct pour décrire la diversité de l’écologie canadienne moderne. Le contenu de chaque poème, de concert avec mon propre souvenir empirique des environnements qui font l’objet des enregistrements, est la source d’inspiration principale de la musique. La quatrième pièce utilise également la poésie comme base de la composition; il s’agit toutefois d’une œuvre antérieure, moins axée sur l’exploitation du potentiel de l’enregistrement de sons environnementaux pour créer une œuvre musicale représentative d’une imagerie poétique portant sur un lieu précis. Elle est présentée à titre d’exemple de l’évolution de mes stratégies et de mes préoccupations compositionnelles.

Mots-clés : électroacoustique, acousmatique, poésie, abstraction, réalisme, récit, imagerie, esthétique.

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Abstract

This thesis explores aesthetic relationships between poetry and music. It looks at both the analogous and disparate traits of the two arts with a focus towards the shared qualities of contemporary poetry and electroacoustic music. In suggesting how those of the former lend themselves as a tool for the composition of the latter, the paper touches on current and past research concerning music and narrative, electroacoustic aesthetics, psychoacoustics, poetics, semiology, linguistics and the history of poetry and music.

This broad approach considers environmental sound as similar to the poetic word – a communicator of image, feeling, and history that, when re-contextualized in music, has the ability to both convey and elicit emotion. Indeed, in electroacoustic music, environmental sound can explicitly detail the characteristics of a real acoustic space, however, with the transformative effects of signal processing it can also shift into the abstract. This motion between sounds perceived as real and abstract parallels motion in contemporary poetry. Both arts can also express literal and symbolic meaning. This thesis investigates how these and other shared traits overcome intercommunicative barriers that arise naturally from their syntactical differences to mediate associative interpretations of poetry in music.

The thesis ends with the musical analysis of four compositions, three of which were created with the support of the Canada Council for the Arts. These three pieces are the fruition of much of my doctoral work, exemplifying music inspired by poetry and composed from recordings of the Canadian environment. The regions represented in these recordings feature in the work of contemporary Canadian poets, John Steffler, Don Domanski and Marilyn Dumont. Varying in aesthetic, these poems use distinct language to depict the diversity of

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modern Canadian ecology. The content of each poem, in combination with my own experiential memory of the recorded environments, provides the inspiration for much of the music. The fourth piece presented also uses poetry as a foundation for composition; however, it is an earlier work that is less concerned with exploiting the potential of environmental recordings to create music representative of location-bound imagery in poetry. It has been included as an example of how my compositional strategies and concerns were refined.

Keywords : electroacoustic, acousmatic, poetry, abstraction, realism, narrative, imagery, aesthetics.

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Table of Contents

List of Compositions ... vii

Dedication ... ix

Acknowledgements ... xi

INTRODUCTION ... 1

1. POETRY AND MUSIC IN HISTORY ... 3

1.1POETRY AND MUSIC IN SUMER ... 3

1.2POETRY AND MUSIC IN ANCIENT GREECE ... 5

1.3THE MUTUAL INFLUENCE OF MUSIC AND POETRY ... 7

2. MUSIC AND NARRATIVE ... 11

2.1THE NARRATIVE DISCONNECT ... 11

2.2ADEFINITION OF NARRATIVE ... 14

2.3NARRATIVE AND SYNTAX ... 15

2.4NARRATIVE AND STRUCTURE ... 17

2.5NARRATIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND ... 19

2.5.1 Narrative and representations of the environment in music ... 19

2.5.2 Functional change in environmental sound ... 21

2.6NARRATIVE AND EMOTION ... 22

2.6.1 Conveyance vs. elicitation of emotion ... 22

2.6.2 Sound species that convey emotion ... 24

2.6.3 Environmental recording and point of view ... 25

2.7NARRATIVE TENSES AND ELECTROACOUSTIC MUSIC ... 27

2.8NARRATIVE AND ACOUSTIC SPACE ... 29

3. MUSIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND IN PARTNERSHIP: ELECTROACOUSTIC CONSIDERATIONS AND STRATEGIES ... 33

3.1MOVEMENT BETWEEN SOUND IMAGES ... 34

3.2SURROGACY,SOURCE-BONDING AND SOURCE-CAUSE ... 35

3.3PITCH AND AMPLITUDE AS BINDING AGENTS ... 37

3.3.1 The use of amplitude matching as a compositional strategy ... 37

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4. ELECTROACOUSTIC MUSIC AND POETRY ... 41

4.1CONSONANCE BETWEEN ELECTROACOUSTIC MUSIC AND POETRY ... 41

4.2THE STRUCTURAL DISCONNECT ... 42

4.3POETRY AS A COMPOSITIONAL AID ... 45

4.4THE COMPLEXITIES OF WORDS AND SOUNDS ... 46

4.4.1 A sound is a feeling ... 50

4.4.2 A sound involves the whole body ... 57

4.4.3 A sound is a history ... 60

4.4.4 A sound is a picture ... 74

4.4.5 Sound in electroacoustic music and the ‘phrase-object’ ... 74

4.5LANDSCAPE,CANADIAN POETRY AND ELECTROACOUSTIC MUSIC ... 76

5. AN ANALYSIS OF DOCTORAL COMPOSITIONS ... 79

5.1THE WOODS BEHIND THE WATER TOWER ... 79

5.1.1 Structural considerations ... 80

5.1.2 Aesthetic considerations ... 84

5.1.3 The use of whistles ... 85

5.1.4 The use of melody ... 86

5.1.5 The use of metal ... 87

5.1.6 The use of strings ... 88

5.1.7 The use of environmental sound ... 88

5.2NOTES ON BURNT CAPE ... 89

5.2.1 Aesthetic considerations ... 90

5.2.2 The use of soundmarks ... 95

5.2.3 The use of distortion ... 96

5.2.4 The use of pitch ... 97

5.3ATRACE OF FINCHES ... 98

5.3.1 Aesthetic considerations ... 99

5.4THROATSONG TO THE FOUR-LEGGEDS ... 109

5.4.1 Aesthetic considerations ... 111

CONCLUSION ... 117

Bibliography ... 119

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List of Compositions

All four works are included on the attached CD. All were originally conceived in stereo.

The Woods behind the Water Tower (2009) 19:14 Notes on Burnt Cape (2010) 12:19 A Trace of Finches (2011) 10:22 Throatsong to the Four-leggeds (2013) 7:31

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