Due trattati di pace conclusi nel dodicesimo secolo tra i Banū Ġāniya, signori delle isole Baleari, e il comune di Genova

Colección  DVCTVS,  2

Nuria  Martínez  de  Castilla,  ed.

DOCUMENTOS  Y  MANUSCRITOS  ÁRABES

DEL  OCCIDENTE  MUSULMÁN  MEDIEVAL

Presentación  por  María  Jesús  Viguera  y  Pascal  Buresi

CONSEJO  SUPERIOR  DE  INVESTIGACIONES  CIENTÍFICAS MADRID,  2010

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A.  EDIZIONE  DEL  TESTO  ARABO36

Ύ˱Ϥϴ˶Ϡ˸δΗ˴Ϣ͉ϠγϭϦϴϴ͋Β͉Ϩϟ΍ϊϴ˶Ϥ˴Οϰ˴Ϡ˴ϋ˵Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ϰ˴Ϡ˴λϭϢϴ˶Σ͉ήϟ΍ϦϤ˸Σ͉ήϟ΍˶ௌ˶Ϣ˸δΑ˺  

˶Ϫϧ ˸Ϯ˴ϋϭϰ˴ϠόΗ˶Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍˶Δ˴ϛή˴ΑϰϠ˴ϋΎ˴ϫΎ˴π˸ϣ΍˳ΓΪ˴ϫΎ˴ό˵ϣ͋ϭ˳ΔϤϟΎ˴δ˵ϣ͉ϭ˳ΓΪ˴ϗΎ˴ό˵ϣ˴ϭ˳ΔΤϟΎ˵μ˴ϣ˵ΏΎΘ˶ϛ˻  

Ύ˴Ϭ˴Ϥ˴Ϝ˸Σ˴΃˴ϭ˶Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍˶Ϧ˸Ϥ˵ϴΑΎϫ˴ά˴ϔ˸ϧ˴΃˴ϭΎϬϣ˴ή˸Α˴΃˴ϭ

˵Ϟ˸γ˵ήϟ΍˵ϭϩ˴ή ˸μ˴ϧ͉ΰϋ˴΃˴ϭϩή˸ϣ˴΃ௌΪ͉ϳ΍˳ϲϠ˴ϋϦ˸ΑΪ͉ϤΤϣϦ˸Α˵ϖΤ˸γ΍Ϣϴ˶ϫή˸Α˶΍Ϯ˵Α˴΃˵Ϟ˴Ο˴ ˸Ϸ΍Ϫϴ˶Ϙ˴ϔ˸ϟ΍˼  

Ϊ˶ϗΎ˴ό˸ϟ΍˵ϩΎ˴ο ˸ή˴ϳΎϤ˶ϟ˵Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍Ϫ˴Ϙ͉ϓϭ΍ϭέϮϣΩϥ΍Ϯρέ˵Ϟϴ˶ϠΠ˸ϟ΍

͋ϞΤ˸ϟ΍ϱ˶ϭ˴Ϋ˶ϥΎ˴ϴ˸ϋ˴ ˸Ϸ΍˴ϭ˶ΥϮ˵ϴ˵θϟ΍˴ϭ˶˯΂Ϥϋ˵ΰϟ΍˶Δ˷Ϡ˶Π˸ϟ΍˶˯΂Ϥψ˵όϟ΍˶Δ˴Ϡ˶λΎ˴ϨϘϟ΍˴ϭΔϘ˶γΎΒ˴Ο˸έϻ΍Ϧϋ˽  

ϢϬ˶Θ͉ϣΎ˴ϋϭϢϬ˶Θ͉λΎ˴Χ˸Ϧ˶ϣϢϫ˴˯΁˴έ˴ϭ˸Ϧ˴ϣ˴ϭΓϮ˸Ϩ˴ΟϞ˸ϫ΍Ϧ˶ϣ˶Ϊ˸Ϙ˴όϟ΍˴ϭ

Ϣ˵Ϭ˸Ϩ˴ϋ˸Ϣϫ˶Ϊ˴Ϡ˴Αϲ˶ϓϪ˶Θ˴Ϥ˴Ο˸ή˴Θ˶Α˴ϭ˸ϢϬ˶ΑΎ˴Θ˶Ϝ˶Α˶Φϳ˶έΎ͉Θϟ΍΍˴ά˴ϫϲ˶ϓ˵Ϟ˶λ΍˴Ϯ˸ϟ΍ϩ΍˴Ϯ˸Ϙ˴Θ˶ΑϢ˵Ϭ˴Θϣ΍˴ή˴ϛ˵Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍˴ϡ΍˴Ω˴΃˾  

˵ϩϮ˵ϣΎ˴ϗ˴΃˴ϭϢϫ˶έϮ˵ϣ΃ϊϴ˶Ϥ˴Οϲ˶ϓϩϭ˵Ϊ͉Ϡ˴ϗ˸Ϣ˵Ϭ͉ϧ˴΃Ϧ͉ϤπϤϟ΍

ϰϠ˴ϋϪ˵Ϡ˶Ϥ˸Ϝ˵ϳ˴ϭ˶Ϧ˸ϴ˴Β˶ϧΎ˴Π˸ϟ΍Ϧ˸ϴ˴Α˴ή˸ϣ˴ ˸Ϸ΍΍άϫ˵ϖΛϮ˵ϳϪ͉ϧ˴΃˴ϭϢϬ˸ϴϠ˴ϋϭ˸Ϣ˵Ϭ˴ϟϢϠ͉δϟ΍΍˴ά˴ϫ˶Ϊ˸Ϙ˴ϋϲϓϢ˵Ϭ˴ϣΎ˴Ϙ˴ϣ˿  

˵Ϫ˴ϧΎΤ˸Β˵γϰ˴ϠόΗ˵Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍΂ηϥ΍˶Ϧ˸ϴ˴Ϭ˸Ο˴Ϯϟ΍ϲ˶ϓ˶Ϊ˸Ϙ˴όϟ΍͋Ϣ˴Η˴΃

Ϟ˸γ˵ήϟ΍˵ϭϩήμ˴ϧ˴ϭ˵Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ϩΪϳ΍ϲϠϋϦΑΪ͉ϤΤϣϦ˸Α˵ϖΤ˸γ΍Ϣϴ˶ϫή˸Α΍Ϯ˵Α˴΃͊ϞΟ˴ ˸Ϸ΍˵Ϫϴ˶Ϙϔ˸ϟ΍Ϊ˴Ϙ˴ό˴ϓ̀  

˸ϩϮ˸ϨΟ˶Ϟ˸ϫ΍Ϧϣ΍˴άϫϕ ˸Ϯ˴ϓ˴ή˶ϛ˵Ϋ˸Ϧ͉Ϥϋ΍ϭέϮϣΩϥ΍ϮρέϞϴ˶ϠΠ˸ϟ΍

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˶Ϊ˸Ϭ˴ό˸ϟΎΑ˳˯Ύ˴ϓ˴ϭ˴ϭ˶ΕΎϴ͋Ϩϟ΍ϭή˶΋΂Ϥ͉πϟ΍˴Ϧ˶ϣ˳˯΂˴ϔ˴λ˸Ϧϋ˶Δϧ˴ΩΎ˴Ϭ˵Ϥ˸ϟ΍ϩ˶άϫ˵ϩΎ˴ο ˸ήϳΎϤϟϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍Ϣ˵ϫή͉δ˴ϳ́  

Ϫ˶ϘΛ΍˴Ϯ˴ϣϭϪϧΎΤ˸Β˵γ˶Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍˶ΩϮ˵Ϭ˵ϋ˶˯Ύ˴τ˸ϋ˶·ϰϠϋ˴ϭ˶ΕΎ͉ϳ˶Ϯ͉τϟ΍˶ιϮϠ˵Χ˴ϭ

˵Δ˴ϗ΍Ϊ͉μϟ΍˶ϪΑ͊ή˶ϤΘ˸δ˴Η˳ι˴ϼ˸Χ˶·˸Ϧ˴ϋ˴ϭ˶ΕΎ͉ϴ˶ϋ˸ή˴Ϥϟ΍˶ΩϮϘ˵όϟ΍˴Ϧ˶ϣ˵ΏΎΘ˶Ϝ˸ϟ΍΍˴ά˴ϫϪ˵Ϩ͉Ϥ˴πΘϳΎϣ͋Ϟ˵ϛϲ˶ϓ̂  

˵Ϊ͉ϛ˴΄Θ˴Θ˴ϓΔ˴Β ˸Τ͊μϟ΍˶Ϫ˶ϴ˸ϋ˴ή˶Α΍Ϯ˵ϔ˸μ˴Η˴ϭ˵Ϟ˶μ͉Θ˴Η˴ϭ

˵Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ϩΪϳ΍˳ϲϠϋϦΑΪ͉ϤΤϣϦ˸Α˵ϖΤ˸γ΍Ϣϴ˶ϫή˸Α΍Ϯ˵Α˴΃˵Ϟ˴Ο˴ ˸Ϸ΍Ϫϴ˶Ϙ˴ϔ˸ϟ΍ϡΰΘ˸ϟΎϓϞ˶μ˴ϔ˸Ϩ˴Η˴ϻ˴ϭ˺˹  

΍ϭέϮϣΩϥ΍ϮρέϞϴ˶ϠΠϟ΍Ϟ˸γ˵ήϠϟ˶Γ˴ΪϗΎόϤϟ΍ϩ˶άϬΑϩήμ˴ϧϭ

ϩ΍Ϯ˸Ϙ˴Θ˶Α ˵͉ௌϢϬϘ˴ϓϭ˸ϩ˴Ϯ˸Ϩ˴ΟϞ˸ϫ΍ϊϴ˶Ϥ˴Ο˴ϭ



Δ˴Ϡ˶λΎ˴ϨϘϟ΍ϭ˶Δ˴Ϙ˶γΎΒ˴Ο ˸έϷ΍Ϣϫ˴ή˸ϛ˶Ϋ˶ϡ͉ΪϘ˵Ϥϟ΍Ϫϴ˶Ϡ˶γή˵ϣ˴ϭ˺˺  



Ϫ˴ϗ ˸ή˵Ϩ˴ϣϭϪϗ˸έϮ˵ϴ˴ϣϩ˶Ω˴ϼΑ˶Ϟ˸ϫ΍˸Ϧ˶ϣ˲Ϊ˴Σ˴΃˴ϕ˵ή˸τ͉ϳ͉ϻ˴΃

˳ή˴Αϲϓ˳ήθ˶ΑϪ˵Α˸ή˵ϗϰ˴ϟ΍Ϫ˴δϴ˶ϧ΍Ϧ˶ϣΎϫ͊ΪΣ˴ϭϩϮ˸Ϩ˴Ο˴Ω˴ϼ˶ΑϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ΎϬ˴γή˴Σϩ˴ή˸ϴ˴Θ˸Ϩ˵ϣή˵ϓϭΔ˴δΑΎ˴ϳ˴ϭ˺˻  

˶Ϫϴϓ͋ή˴μ˴Θ˵ϣ˴ϭ˶ϪϟΎ˴Οέ˸Ϧ˶ϣ˲Ϊ˴Σ΍ϯ͉Ϊ˴ό˴Θϳ͉ϻ˴΃˴ϭ˳ή ˸Τ˴Α˴ϻ͉ϭ

Ϣ˵ϬϟΎϨ˴ϳ˴ϻ˴ϭϢϫ˵έΎ˴τ˸ϗ΍˴ϭϢϬϴ˶Σ΍˴ϮϧϪ˸Η˴Ϯ˴Σϭ˸Ϣ˵ϫ˵Ω˴ϼ˶Α˵Ϫ˸Θ͉Ϥο˸Ϧ˴ϣϰ˴Ϡ˴ϋ˶ϪΗ΍ΰ˵Ϗ˴ϭ˶ϊ΋Ύ˴τϘ˸ϟ΍ϲ˶ϓ˺˼  

˴ϡ˴ΰΘϟ΍Ϛ˶ϟ˴άϛϭέ΍˴ή ˸ο˶·˴ϻϭ˲Δ˴ϳΎ˴Ϝ˶ϧ˶ϊ˴Α ˸έϻ΍ή˶΋΍˴ΰΠϟ΍˴Ϧ˶ϣ

ΔϘ˶γΎΒ˴Ο ˸έϻ΍ Ϧϳ˶έϮ˵ϛ˸άϤϟ΍˶Ϫϴ˶Ϡ˶γή˵ϣ˸Ϧ˴ϋ έϮϛάϤϟ΍ ΍ϭέϮϣΩ ϥ΍Ϯρέ Ϟϴ˶Ϡ˸Πϟ΍ Ϟ˸γ˵ήϟ΍˺˽  

˸Ϣ˵Ϭ˸Ϩ˶ϣ˲Ϊ˴Σ˴΃͉ή˵π˴ϳ͉ϻ΍Δ͉ϣΎ˴ϋϭΔ͉λΎ˴ΧϩϮ˸Ϩ˴ΟϞ˸ϫ˴΃˸Ϧ˶ϣΔ˴Ϡ˶λΎ˴ϨϘϟ΍ϭ

   



Ϫ˴ϗ ˸ή˵Ϩ˴ϣϭϪ˴ϗ˸έϮ˵ϴ˴ϣ˴ϊ˴Α˸έϻ΍˴ή΋΍˴ΰΠϟ΍Ύ˴ϫ˶ή˸ϴ˴Ϗ˴ϭϊ˶΋΂τϘ˸ϟ΍ϲϓ˸Ϣ˶ϬΗ΍ΰ˵Ϗ˴ϭ˸ϢϬϴ˶ϓ͋ή˴μ˴Θ˵ϣ˸Ϧ˶ϣ˴ϻ˴ϭ˺˾  

Ύ˴Ϭϴ˶ϨϛΎ˴γϦ˶ϣ˸Ε˴Ϯ˴Σ˸Ϧ˴ϣ˴ϭΓ˴ή˸ϴ˴Θ˸Ϩ˵ϣ˸ή˵ϓ˴ϭϪδ˶ΑΎ˴ϳ˴ϭ

ϢϬ˸Ϩ˶ϣϢϬ˵Ϙ˴Τ˸Ϡ˴ϳϻ˴ϭ˶ϩϮ˵Ο˵Ϯϟ΍˴Ϧ˶ϣ˳Ϫ ˸Ο˴ϮΑ˳ή˸ΤΑ˴ϻϭ˳ή˴ΑϲϓΎ˴Ϭϳ˶ϭ˴Ϋ˴ϭΎϬ˶Ϡ˸ϫ΍˸Ϧϣ˶Ϫ˸ϴϠ˴ϋ˸Ζ˴ϠϤ˴Θ˸η΍˴ϭ˺˿  

ϩ˶ά˴ϫ˶Ϊ˸Ϙ˴ϋϲ˶ϓ˵Ϫ͉ϠϛϚ˶ϟ˴ΫΎ˴ϣ˴ΰ˴Θ˸ϟ΍˲έή˴ο˴ϻϭ˲Δ˴ϳ΍˴Ϋ΍

   



ϡ˴ΰ˸ϟ΃ϭ˱˯΁˴Ϯ˶Θ˸γ΍ϭ˱Γ΍˴ΫΎ˴Τ˵ϣ˶Ϫϣ΍˴ή˸Α˶·˴ϭ˶Ϫτ˸Α˴έϲ˶ϓ˴ϻ˴ΩΎ˴ό˴Η˴ϭ˱˯΁˴Ϯ˴γΎ˴Ϥ˶ϬϟΎ˴Ϥ˸ϋ˴΃ϲ˶ϓ˶ΔϤ˴ϟΎ˴δ˵Ϥ˸ϟ΍˺̀  

˵ϩϭ˵Ϊ˴Ϩ˸γ΍Ύ˴ϣϰ˴π˴Θ˸Ϙ˵Ϥ˶ΑϪ˴Ϡ˴γ ˸έ˴΃˸Ϧ͉Ϥ˶ϣϰ͉Ϥ˴γ˸Ϧ˴ϣϪ͉Ϡ˵ϛ˴Ϛ˶ϟ˴Ϋ˵έϮ˵ϛ˸άϤϟ΍

Ϛ˶ϟ˴Ϋϲ˶ϓ˵Ϫ˴Ϡ˸ό˶ϓ΍Ϯ˴π˴Η ˸έ΍˴ϭϪ˴Θ˴Β ˸Τ˵λϢϬ˶Ϡ˴Β˶ϗ˸ϦϣϞ˶λ΍˴Ϯ˸ϟ΍ϢϬ˶ΑΎ˴Θ˶ϛϲ˶ϓ˵ϩϭ˵Ϊ͉Ϡ˴ϗϭ˵Ϫ˴ϟ΍ϭ˵Ϊ˴Ϙϋϭ˶Ϫ˸ϴϟ΍˺́  

˴Ϣϴ˶ϫ˴ή˸Α΍ϲΑ΍˶ϞΟϻ΍˶Ϫϴ˶Ϙ˴ϔϠϟϪ˴ϣ˴ΰ˴Θ˸ϟ΍Ύ͉Ϥ˶ϣ˴ϭ˵Ϫ˴ϠϤ˴ϋ˴ϭ

έϮ˵ϛ˸άϤϟ΍΍ϭέϮϣΩϥ΍ϮρέϞϴ˶ϠΠ˸ϟ΍Ϟγ˵ήϟ΍ϩή˴μϧϭϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ϩΪ͉ϳ΍ϲϠ˴ϋϦ˸ΑΪ͉ϤΤϣϦ˸ΑϖΤ˸γ΍˺̂  

˶Ϫϴ˶Ϡ˶γ ˸ή˵ϣϪϣ˴ΰ˸ϟ΍˴ϭ˶Ϫ˸ϴ˴Ϡ˴ϋ˵ρΎΒ˶Η ˸έϻ΍˴ϊ˴ϗ˴ϭ˴ϭϩΎ˴ο ˸ή˴ϳΎϤϟ˵Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍˵ϪϘ͉ϓϭ

˴ϻ˴ϭϢϬ˶δ˵ϔ˸ϧ˴΄˶ΑΓ˴έϮ˵ϛ˸άϤϟ΍˶ϊ˴Α˸έϻ΍˶ή˶΋΁˴ΰΠϟ΍ϩ˶ά˴ϫ˶ΪΣ΍˶έ˴ή˴οϲ˶ϓ΍ϭ˵ή͋Ϥ˴ό˵ϳ͉ϻ΍˴ϦϳέϮ˵ϛ˸άϤϟ΍˻˹  

˳Ϟ˸ό˶ϔ˶Α˴ϻϭ˳ϝ ˸Ϯ˴Ϙ˶Α˴ϻΎϬ˸ϴ˴Ϡ˴ϋΎ˴Ϭ˶΋΁˴Ϊ˸ϋ˴΃˸Ϧ˶ϣ΍˱ΪΣ˴΃˶ϪΑ΍Ϯ˵Ϩϴ˶ό˵ϳ˳ϥ ˸Ϯ˴ό˶Α

ϥ΍Ϯρέ˶Ϟ˸γήϠ˶ϟϩή˴μ˴ϧϭϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ϩΪ͉ϳ΍Ϣϴ˶ϫή˸Α΍Ϯ˵Α˴΃Ϟ˴Οϻ΍˵Ϫϴ˶Ϙϔ˸ϟ΍˴ϡ˴ΰ˴Θ˸ϟ΍˴ϭ˳ϝΎ˴Ϥ˶Α˴ϻ˴ϭ˳β˸ϔ˴Ϩ˶Α˴ϻ˴ϭ˻˺  

 _$PDULΔϠγΎϨϘϟ΍ϭ  _$PDULϪϗέϮϨϣϭ  _$PDULϪϗέϮϨϣϭ

   FRÉDÉRIC  BAUDEN  

˵Ϫϣΰ˴Θϟ΍Ύ˴ϣ˴Ϟ˸Μ˶ϣϚ˶ϟ˴Ϋ˸Ϧϣ˶Ϫϴ˶Ϡ˶γ˸ή˵Ϥ˶ϟϭέϮ˵ϛ˸άϤϟ΍΍ϭέϮϣΩ

ς˴Β˴Η ˸έ΍˴ϭϪ˸ϴϠ˴ϋΎ˴Ϙϔ͉Η΍Ύ͉ϤϣϭϝΎ˴ϣ˴ϻ˴ϭ˳β˸ϔϨ˶ΑϢϬ˸ϴϠϋ˴Ϧϴ˶ό˵ϳ˴ϻϭϢ˵ϫ͉ή˵π˴ϳ͉ϻ΍έϮ˵ϛ˸άϤϟ΍Ϟ˸γ˵ήϟ΍˻˻  

˵Ϫ˸Ϩ˴ϋϩΎ˴οήϳΎϤϟϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ϩή͉δϳ΍ϭέϮϣΩϥ΍Ϯρ˵έέϮ˵ϛ˸άϤϟ΍Ϟ˸γ˵ήϟ΍

ϩ˶ά˴ϫ˶˯΁Ϊ˸ϋ˴΃˶ΐϛ΍˴ή˴ϣϲϓϢϫ˶ΩϼΑ˶Ϟ˸ϫ΍Ϧϣή˴ϓΎ˴γ˸Ϧ˴ϣϪ͉ϧ΍˶Ϫ˸ϴϟ˶·ϦϳέϮϛάϤϟ΍Ϫϴ˶Ϡ˶γ˸ή˵ϣϦ˴ϋϭ˻˼  

΍ ˸ϭ˴ή ˸Π˵ϳ˸ϥ˴΃Ϣ˵Ϭ˸Ϩ˶ϣ˴Ϧ͉ϜϤ˴Ηϰ˴Θ˴ϣϪ͉ϧ˴΃Ύ˴Ϭ˶ΑϦϳ͋ήπ˵Ϥϟ΍Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ΎϬ˴γήΣϊ˴Α˸έϻ΍ή˶΋΍˴ΰΠϟ΍

ϲϠϋϦΑΪ͉ϤΤϣϦΑϖΤ˸γ΍Ϣϴϫή˸Α΍Ϯ˵Α˴΃Ϟ˴Ο˴ ˸Ϸ΍Ϫϴ˶Ϙ˴ϔ˸ϟ΍Ϣ˵Ϭ˴ϟ˴ϡ˴ΰΘ˸ϟ΍Ϛ˶ϟ˴άϛ˴ϭΎ˴Ϭ˶΋΁˴Ϊ˸ϋ˴΃ϯ˴ή˸Π˴ϣ˻˽  

͉ϻϥ΃ϊΑέϻ΍˶ή΋΍˴ΰΠϟ΍ϩάϫϲϓ˲Ϧ˸ϔ˴Ο˸Ϣ˵˰Ϭ˴ϟ˴ΐ˶τ˴ϋϰ˴ΘϣϪ͉ϧ΍ϩή˴μ˴ϧϭϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ϩΪ͉ϳ΍

˶˯΍ή˶Ϝ˸ϟ΍ϰ˴ϟ΍΍Ϯ˵Β˴ϫ˴Ϋϰ˴Θ˴ϣϭ˶ή˴Βϟ΍ϰϟ΍ϪΑϰ˴ϣ˴έ˴ϭ˵ή˸Τ˴Βϟ΍Ϫ˴Ο˴ή˸Χ˴΃Ύ͉Ϥϣ˳˯˸ϲηϲϓ΍Ϯ˵οή˴Θ˸ό˵ϳ˻˾  

˵Ϫϴ˶Ϙϔϟ΍Ϟ˴όΟ˴ϭϰϠόΗϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍΂ηϥ΍Ϣ˵Ϭ˴ϟ˲ΡΎ˴Β˵ϣϚ˶ϟά˴ϓ˶ή˸Τ˴Βϟ΍ϲϓΎ˴ϣΝ΍˴ή˸Χ˶·ϰϠ˴ϋ

Ϟϴ˶ϠΠϟ΍ Ϟ˸γ˵ήϟ΍ϭ ϩήμϧϭ Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ ϩΪϳ΍ϲϠϋ ϦΑ Ϊ͉ϤΤϣ ϦΑ˵ϖΤ˸γ΍ Ϣϴϫή˸Α΍ Ϯ˵Α΍˵Ϟ˴Οϻ΍˻˿  

Γ˴ϮϨΟϞ˸ϫ΍ϦϣήϛΫ˸Ϧ˴ϣϊϴ˶Ϥ˴Οϭ˶ΔϠ˶λΎ˴ϨϘϟ΍ϭ˶Δ˴ϘγΎ˴Β˴Ο˸έϻ΍ϰϠϋΪϗΎ˴ό˸ϟ΍΍ϭέϮϣΩϥ΍Ϯρέ

Ύ˴ϣ͋Ϟ˵ϛ˸Ϧ˴ϋ΍˱ΰΟΎΣέϮϛ˸άϤϟ΍΢Ϡ˵μϟ΍΍άϫϩΎ˴ο˸ήϳΎϤϟϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍Ϣϫή͉δϳϢϬ˶Θ͉ϣΎ˴ϋ˴ϭϢϬΘ͉λΎ˴Χ˻̀  

˶Ϟ˸ϫ΍Ϧϣ˶Ϧ˸ϴ˴Ϙϳ˶ή˴ϔϟ΍ϰϟ΍Ύ˱ϫϭ˵ή˸Ϝ˴ϣ˵Ϫ͋ΟϮ˵ϳ˸ϭ˴΃Ϧ˸ϴ˴Β˶ϧΎΠϟΎ˶Α͊ή˵π˴ϳ

Ϣϴ˶ϫή˸Α΍Ϯ˵Α˴΃˵ϞΟ˴ ˸Ϸ΍Ϫϴ˶Ϙ˴ϔ˸ϟ΍˴Ώή˴ο˴ϭΓέϮϛάϤϟ΍ϩϮ˸Ϩ˴Ο˶Ω˴ϼ˶Α˴ϭΓέϮϛάϤϟ΍ϊ˴Αέϻ΍ή΋΁ΰΠϟ΍˻́  

Ϟϴ˶ϠΠϟ΍˵Ϟ˸γ˵ήϟ΍ϭϩήμϧϭϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ϩΪ͉ϳ΍˳ϲϠ˴ϋϦ˸ΑΪ͉ϤΤϣϦ˸Α˵ϖΤ˸γ΍

˶Δ˴ϧ˴ΩΎ˴ϬϤϟ΍ϩ˶άϬϟϩΎο ˸ήϳΎϤϟϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍Ϣϫή͉δϳϦϳέϮϛάϤϟ΍˶Ϫϴ˶Ϡ˶γ ˸ήϣ˸Ϧ˴ϋ΍ϭέϮϣΩϥ΍Ϯρέ˻̂  

˳Δϴϟ΍ϮΘϣϡ΍˴Ϯ˸ϋ˴΃˶Γήθ˴ϋ˸Ϧ˶ϣ˱ϼ˴Ο˴΃˶Γ˴Ωϭ˵Ϊ˸θϤϟ΍ΔρϮ˵ΑήϤϟ΍˶ΓΪϗΎ˴όϤϟ΍ϭ

ϦϴόΒγϭ˳ϊ˸Β˴γ˴ΔϨγϪ˵ϴ˸ϧϮ˵ϳήϬθϟϖϓ΍Ϯ˵Ϥ˸ϟ΍ήϔλή˸Ϭ˴ηϮ˵ϫϭ˵ΏΎΘ˶Ϝ˸ϟ΍΍˴ά˴ϫΦϳέΎΗΎϬ˵ϟ˴ϭ˴΃˼˹  

ϰ˴τ˸ϋ΃˴ϭ˶Ϊ˸Ϭ˴όϠϟ΍˱Ϊη˴ϭ˶Ϊ˸ϘόϠϟ΍˱Ϊϴ˶Ϭ˸ϤΗ˳Δ΋ΎϣβϤΧϭ

˶Ϫ˸ϴϠ˴ϋΪ˴Ϙϋ˸Ϧ͉ϤϋϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍Ϫ˴Ϙ͉ϓϭ΍ϭέϮϣΩϥ΍ϮρέϞγ˵ήϟ΍˵ϭϩήμϧϭϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍ϩΪϳ΍˵Ϟ˴Ο˴ ˸ϻ΍˵Ϫϴ˶Ϙ˴ϔ˸ϟ΍˼˺  

ϪϧΎΤ˸Β˵γ˶Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍˱Ϊ˸Ϭ˴ϋ˴ϭϪ˶Ϩϴ˶Ϥ˴ϳΔ˴Ϙ˸ϔ˴λ˶Ϫ˸ϴϟ΍Ϫ˸Ϩ˴ϋς˴ΒΗ ˸έ΍ϭ

˶ΏΎΘϜϟ΍΍άϫϲϓΎϤϟ˴ϥϮ˵ϣ˶ΰ˴ΘϠϣϢ˵Ϭ͉ϧ΍ϭϚ˶ϟΎ˴δϤϟ΍ΪϤ˸Σ΍ϰϠ˴ϋϪϴ˶ϓϱ˸ή˴Πϟ΍ϭϚ˶ϟ˴ΫϰϠ˴ϋ΂ϓϮϟΎΑ˼˻  

Ϫ˴ϧΎΤ˸Β˵γ˴Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍΍ϭΪ˴Ϭ˸η˴΃˴ϭ˶ΏΎ˴ϴ˶Η ˸έϻ΍˴Ϧ˶ϣ˶ΐ˸ϴ˴ϐϟ΍˶Δ˴μ˶ϟΎ˴Χ˳αϮ˵ϔ˵ϨΑ

͉ϥ΍˳Ϧϳ˶Ω͉ϭ˳Δ˷Ϡ˶ϣ͋Ϟ˵ϛϲ˶ϓϖϴ˶Λ΍ϮϤϟ΍˶Ϣψ˸ϋ˴΄Α˵Ϊ˸Ϙ˴όϟ΍΍˴ά˴ϫ˵Ϫ˴Ϩ͉Ϥ˴πΗΎ˴ϣϰ˴ϠϋϦϳΪ˶ϫΎ͉θϟ΍˵ή˴Β˸ϛ˴΃Ϯ˵ϫ˴ϭ˼˼  

41

_{˶ΔΤ˴λΎϨ˵Ϥϟ΍ϭ˶˯΂˴ϓϮϟ΍ϰϠ˴ϋ˶Δ˴ΤϟΎ˴μϤϟ΍ϩάϫϲϓϱ˶ή˸Π˴ϳ˴ή˸ϣϻ΍}

Ϫ˶δ˸ϔ˴ϧϰϠϋ˵Κ˵ϜϨ˴ϳΎϤ͉ϧ˶Έ˴ϓΚ˴Ϝ͉ϧ˸Ϧ˴ϣ˴ϭΓή˴ϴ˶γ˶Ϫϣή˸ϛ˴΃˴ϭϪ˶ϟ˴Ϊ˸ϋ˴΃ϭ˱Γ˴ήϳ˶ή˴γ˶Ϫ˶Ϩ˴δ˸Σ΍˴ϭ˶Ϫ͋Ϥ˴Η˴΃ϰϠ˴ϋϭ˼˽  

ϰ˴Ϡ˴ϋϮ˵ϫϭϝϮ˵Ϙ˴ϧΎϣϰϠ˴ϋ˵Ϣ˶ϛΎ˴Τ˸ϟ΍Ϫ͉Ϡ˰ϟ΍˴ϭ˶Ϫ˶Ϩϳ˶Ω˴ϭ

Ϧϴ˶ϤϠ˴ό˸ϟ΍˶ΏέϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟ  ΪϤΤϟ΍ϭϞϴ˶ϔ˴ϛϰϠΜ˵Ϥϟ΍˶Δ˴Ϙϳή͉τϟ΍ϰϠ˴ϋ˶Ϫ˶΋΍ή ˸ΟΎΑ˴ϭΪϴ˶ϬηϚ˶ϟ˴Ϋϊϴ˶Ϥ˴Ο˼˾  

ΰϋϭϞΟϪ͉Ϡ˰ϟϪϠϛήϣϷ΍˶ϥΎΘΨδ˵ϧΏΎΘϜϟ΍ϭ

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