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الهوية والاختلاف في الرواية النسوية في المغرب

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Partager "الهوية والاختلاف في الرواية النسوية في المغرب"

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ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ

ﺭﻀﺨﻝ ﺝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ

ﺔﻨﺘﺎـﺒ

ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ

ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﻴﻨ

ﺎﻬﺒﺍﺩﺁﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ

ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ

ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ ﺙﺤﺒ

ﺩﺍﺩـــﻋﺇ

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ﻑﺍﺭــﺸﺇ

: ﺓﺯﻭﺒ ﻥﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺃ. ﺔﻝﺎﺒﺭﺩﻭﺒ ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﺩ ﻀﻋﺃ ــ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ﺀﺎ ﺏﻘﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺩ . ﻊﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺒ ﻕﺍﺯﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺘﺴﺃ ــ ﺤﻤ ﺫﺎ ـ ﺭﻀﺎ ﺠ ــ ﻤﺎ ﺒ ﺔﻌ ـ ﺔﻨﺘﺎ ﺴﻴﺌﺭ ـــــ ﺎ ﺃ. ﺒﺭﺩﻭﺒ ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﺩ ــ ﺔﻝﺎ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺠ ــ ﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎ ـ ﺔﻨﺘﺎ ﻘﻤﻭ ﺎﻓﺭﺸﻤ ـ ﺍﺭﺭ ﺃ. ﺒ ﺔﺸﻭﺸﻭﺒ ﺩ ﻥ ﻌﻤﺠ ـ ﺔ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺝﺎﻁﺭﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ -ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﻨﻤ ﺍﻭﻀﻋ ـ ﺎﺸﻗﺎ ﺃ. ﻴﺯﻋ ﺩ ـ ﻜﻌﻝ ﺯ ــ ﻲﺸﻴﺎ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺠ ــ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎ ﻨﻤ ﺍﻭﻀﻋ ـ ﺎﺸﻗﺎ ﺩ . ﻤﻴﻠﻋ ـ ﻗ ﺔ ـــ ﺎ ﻱﺭﺩ ﺤﻤ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ــ ﺓﺭﻀﺎ ﺠ ــ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎ ﻨﻤ ﺍﻭﻀﻋ ـ ﺎﺸﻗﺎ ﺩ . ﺔﺴﻴﻨﻏ ﻥﺒ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨ ﺘﺴﺃ ــ ﺤﻤ ﺫﺎ ـ ﺭﻀﺎ ﺠ ــ ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎ ﻨﻤ ﺍﻭﻀﻋ ـ ﺎﺸﻗﺎ ﻨﺴﻝﺍ ـ ﺠﻝﺍ ﺔ ـ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎ : 2007 -2008 ﻡ ـﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ : 1428 -1429 ـﻫ

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ﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ لﻭﺤﺘ ﺘﻓ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺌﺎﺴ ﺎـﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺏﺫـﺘﺠﺘ ﺕﺌ ﻡﺎـﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺎﺒ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻜﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ ، ﻭ ﺔـﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻁﺎـﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻝ ﺔـﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻪـﻨﻤ ﻲـﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻤﺎﻋ ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺩﺼﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ . ﻥـﻫﻭ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻐﺘ ﻲﺒﺩﺃ ﺱﻨﺠﻜ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺌﺘﻓ ﺎﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘ لﺒﻗ ﻥﺴﺭﺎﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤﻓ ،ﺔﺼﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺔﺼﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ . لـﹼﻠﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻤﺎـﻨﺘ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺹﺨﻷﺎﺒ ،ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ . ﻔﺘﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺭـﺨﺁ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤ ﺩﻠﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺘﻭﺎ ﺍﺫـﻫ ّلـﻅﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﻭﻤ ﺩﻬﺸﺘ ﻡﻝ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ﺱﻨﻭـﺘ ﻥـﻤ لـﻜ ﻑﺭـﻌﺘ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻝ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﺘﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻏ ﻰﺼﻗﻷﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍﻭ . ﺭﻅﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﻑﻭ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻠﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻭ . ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ لﻭﺄﻓ ،ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﺼﻗﻷﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﺘﺤﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺎﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨ " ﺔﻨﻭﻨﺒ ﺔﺜﺎﻨﺨ " ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ " ﺏﻀﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻐﻝﺍ " ﻥﺎـﻜﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ 1954 ﻡ . ـﺒ ﺕﺤﻭﺍﺭﺘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺌﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻥﻴ ﺕﺀﺎـﺠﻓ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻋﻭﻨﺘﻓ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ،ﻲﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎـﻀﻗ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻴـﻀﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﻁﻗ لﻜ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ،ﺀﺎﺴﻔﻴﺴﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎـﻌﻤ ﻡـﺴﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺤﻭﻝ لﻜﺸﺘﻝ ﻥﻬﺘﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻭ ﻥﻬﺘﺍﻭﺫ ﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻭ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻁﻗ . ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺌﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﹼﻜﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴ . لﺍﺅـﺴ ﺭـﻀﺤﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺍﺅـﺴ ﺔـﻴﻭﻫ لﺍﺅﺴ ،ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﺎﻜ لﻏﺍﻭﺸ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﹼﻜﺸ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ

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2 لﺍﺅﺴﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻠﺠﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺼ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﺭﻘﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺩﻘﻨ لﺩﺠ ﺭﺍﺩﻤ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻑﺭـﻌﺘ ﻻ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺠﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﺇ ﺍﺫـﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﻀﺨﺇ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻴﺴ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺠﺭﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻋﺩﺒﻤ ﺱﻨﺠ ﻲﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ . ﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒ . ﺩـﻴﺅﻤ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺢﺠﺭﺄـﺘﺘ ﻲـﻬﻓ ﻲﻝﺎـﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻱﻭـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺌﺎـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺢﻠﻁـﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﺒ ﺭﻘﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ،ﺽﺭﺎﻌﻤﻭ لـﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻪـﺒﺘﻜﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻪﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻊﻨﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻭﻬﻝ ﻪﻜﻼﺘﻤﺍﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺘﻜﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﻲﻝﺎـﺠﺭﻭ ﻲﺌﺎـﺴﻨ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻲـﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﻭﻫ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﻋﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ . ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻨ ﺫﺇ ﻥﺤﻨﻓ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ " ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﻭـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ " ﻥـﻋ ﺎﻨﺜﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺩﺠ ﺭﻴﺜﻴ لﺍﺯﻴ ﻻ ﻪﹼﻨﻸﻓ ﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘـﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻨﺜ ّلﻜﻜ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺓﺭﺜﻜﺒ ﻻﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤ ﺎﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﻀﺃ . ﻎﺒﻁﺼﺎﻓ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩـﻝﺍ لـﺠﺭﻭ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻴ ؛ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﻷﺍ ﺔﻐﺒﺼﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴ ﻭﺃ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﺔﺤﻠـﺼﻤ ﻡﺩﺨﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻑﻴﻜﹸﺘﻭ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺼﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺫ . ﺩـﺠﻴ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺢﻁﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻤ ّلﻜ ﻲﻓ لﻌﺘﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺯﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻭﺭﺤﻠﻝ لﻤﺄﺘﻤﻝﺎﻓ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺔﻴﻗﺭﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻫﺫﻤ ﺎﻤﺇ ﺎﻫﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻑﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍﻭ . ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻩﺭﻴﻅﻨﻭ ﻲﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺭﺴ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻑﻘﻴ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﻬﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻋﺩﺒ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . ﻲـﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﻴﻭ ﺙﺩﺤ ﺎﻤﻓ ﺔﻨـﺴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺭـﺤﻭ ﻥﻴﻁﺴﻠﻓﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻨﺎﻐﻓﺃ ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﻭﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻕﺍﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕـﻠﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺎﺒﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﻫﺎﺸ ﻑﻘﻴ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺴﺭﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ) ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﺍﻭﻜﻴﺭﻤﺃ .( ـﻝﺍ ﻭـﻫﻭ ﻲـﻓ ﻕﺤﻝﺎـﺒ ﻱﺩﺎـﻨﻴ ﻱﺫ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ . ﺀﺍﻭـﺴ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ لﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺄﻓ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ : ﺭﺎﻬﺸﺇ ،ﺎﻤﻴﻨﺴ ... ﻭـﻫ ﺔـﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ّلﻜﻝﺍ ﺱﺠﺎﻫ ﻰﺤﻀﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ . ﺝﺫﻭـﻤﻨﻜ ﻲـﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭـﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺭﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﺤﻨ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ

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3 ﺩﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻠﻝ ﻥﺍﺭﻴﺯﺤ ﺔﻤﻴﺯﻫ ﺫﻨﻤﻓ ،ﺔﻓﻭﺸﻜﻤﻭ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﻯﺩﺒﺘﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻭﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩ 1967 لﺍﺅـﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻜﻓ ،ﻪﺌﺎﻤﺘﻨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻜﺸﻴ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻴ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﺤﻴﺭﺠ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻡ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻼـﺴﻹﺍ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﺒﺭﺎﻫ ﺭﻔﻓ ،ﻪﻨﻫﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ . ﻴ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻬﻴﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺒﻌﻓ ﺔـﻤﺯﺃ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺤﺘﻓ ،ﻩﺭﻀﺎﺤ ﺵﻴﻌ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ . ﺔﻜﺭﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝ ﺎﻀﺭﻌﺘ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻁﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘﻭ . ﻥﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺱﻭﺒﻝﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺘ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﺒﻝ ﺱﺒﻠﺘ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺭﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻓ ﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻲﻔﻨﺒ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﺇ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﺤ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻫ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺘ ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﺎ : ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺼ ﻭﺃ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ . ﺔـﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎـﺴﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺍﺭـﻴﺒﻜ ﻻﺩﺠ ﺭﻴﺜﻴ لﺍﺯﻴ ﻻ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺭﻐﻴ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍﻭ . ﺕﺎـﻴﻠﺠﺘ ﻥـﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻠﻝ ،ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺒﺴ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴ ﺹﺎـﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻴﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺎﻴﺤﺘ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﺍﺭﻅﻨﻓ ،ﻑ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻲـﻤﺘﻨﺘ ﺔﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻜ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺕﻤﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺎـﻬﻠﺜﻤ ﺎـﻬﺘﺎﻔﹼﻠﺨﻤﻭ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺵﻴﻌﺘﺴ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠﻜﻭ ﻙﺍﺫ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺃﻭ ،لﺠﺭﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺕﺍﺫـﻜ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻ ) ﻱﺃ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ / ﻰﺜﻨﻷﺍ ( ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻭﺩ ) لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ( ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﺌﻴﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤﻓ ،ﻰﺜﻨﻷﺍ ﺱﻨﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺩﺼﻘﻨﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻹﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﻭـﻏﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﺴﺠ لﻤﺤﻭ ﻪﺒﻜﺘﺭﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺄﻁﺨ ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻊﻓﺩﺘ ﺀﺍﻭﺤﻭ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺭـﻏ ﺓﺭﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﹼﻨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺔﺌﻴﻁﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﻭﺸﻭﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻰﺜﻨﻷﺍ ﺩﺴﺠ ّلﻅﻓ . ﺓﺃﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻔﻨﺼﻭ ﻪـﻌﻤ ﺕﻌـﻀﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ لﺒ لﺠﺭﻠﻝ ﺔﻘﺤﻻ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺌﻴﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻤﺘﻨﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻥﻭـﻜﺘ ﺎـﻤﻨﻴﺒ لـﺠﺭﻠﻝ ﺔـﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ،ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﻀﻤ ﻑﺭﻁﻜ ﺎﻬﺒﻴﺼﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ . ﻲـﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘـﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻜﻭ ﺩـﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﻌﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺜﻭﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﺭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ،ﺔﺜﻭﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺎـﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﺭـﻬﻅﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﻘﻋ ﺵﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺠﻓ ﺫﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺔﺌﻴﻁﺨﻝﺍ

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4 ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻜﻠﺴﺘ ﻥﻴﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﻬﻅﻤ : ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﻴﻭ ،لﻭﻷﺍ ﺎـﻬﺒ ﻥﻭـﻠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻭﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻭﻏﺭﻤ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺄﺒ ﺭﻌﺸﺘﻭ ﻱﺭﻐﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺎﻫﺩﺴﺠ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ) لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ( ﻯﺩﺎﻤﺘﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﺔﻗﻭﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻭﻨﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺭﺭﻤﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺜﻭﻨﺃ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﺘﻓ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ . ﺵﻴـﻌﺘ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺎـﻓ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺍﻭﺩﺯﺍ : ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ . ﺭﻬﻅﻴﻓ ،ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻨﻻﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲـﻓ ﻰـﻠﻋ لـﺒﻘﺘﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻭﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻌﺴﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺜﻭﻨﻷ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻨﺘ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔـﻝﻻﺩ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﹼﻨﻅ لﺎﺠﺭﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺴﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺜﻭﻨﺃ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﻭ ،لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ لﻼﺘﺤﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﺘ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺩ . ﺭـﺸﻨﺘ ﺔﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻴﻌﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻥﻤﺯ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﻻ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺏﺘﻜﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻸﻓ ،ﺕﻠﻌﻓ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺙﺩﺤ ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻭﻫ ﻊﹼﻗﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻋﺍﺩﺒﺇ . ﺹﻨـﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻭﺸﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻭﺤﻤﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﺼﻭﺼﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻭﻫ ﺏﻴﺭﻬﺘ لﻌﻓ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘﻓ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ . ﺕﺎﻅﻭﻔﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺄﻓ : ﺎـﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻊـﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﺭﻐﻴ ،ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ،ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺏﻴﺠﻨ ﻥﺤﻨﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻫﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﻝ ﻑﺸﺘﻜﻨﻝ : ﻥﻷ ﻡﻭـﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺎﻗ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻭ ﻑﻴﻜ ؟ ﺩﻘﻋ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﺵﻴﻌﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﻊﻤ ﻕﺩﺎﺼﺘﺘ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺭـﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﺏﺩﺄـﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﹼﻨﻤ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ) ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ( لﺒ ﺍﺩﺠ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻱﻭﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﻩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﻘﻋ ﻲﻓ لﻭﻬﺠﻤ ﻭﻫ . ﻥـﻤ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ لﺎﺜﻤﻜ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺫﺨﺃ ﻭﻠﻓ ﻲﻤﻨﺎﻐﺘﺴﻤ ﻡﻼﺤﺃ ﻯﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ . ﺕـﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﹼﻠﻗ ﺱﻜﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝﺍ . ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺕﺎـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﺤﺎﺼ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ،ﺎﻬﺘﹼﻠﻗ " ﺔﺸﻭﺸﻭﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺠ ﻥﺒ " ﺔﻴﺌﺎـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ : -ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ) 2003 ( ﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤﻭ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ . ﻲـﻓ ﺔـﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﻡـﻫﻷ ﻪﺤﺭﻁ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥـﻤ ﺓﺃﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺱﺠﺍﻭﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ لﻘﺘﻨﻴﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ

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5 ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷ ﻪﻀﺭﻋ لﻼﺨ . ﺏـﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺭ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻔﻝﺍ ﺢـﻤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺄـﺒ ﺝﻭﺭـﺨﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﻻﻭﺎـﺤﻤ ﺀﺎـﻀﻔﻠﻝ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﹼﻨ ﺭـﺼﻨﻋ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺹﻠﺨ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺸ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻩﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺭﻴﺴ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ . ﺔـﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺘﺨﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻭﺭﻘﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ . ﺏـﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻨﺘﺩﺎﻓﺃ ﺩﻗ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﻴﻠﺒﻴﺒ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎ ﻭـﻫﻭ ﺏـﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔـﺼﺎﺨ ؛ﺎﻨﻝﻭﻀﻓ ﻊﺒﺸﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻲﹼﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻲﺌﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺙـﺤﺒ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺹﻠﺨﻴ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ لﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻗﺩ لﺜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻷﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ : ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀ ﻥﺎﻴﻐﻁﻭ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺸ ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺤﺎﺼﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺓﺭﻴﺴ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ) ﺔﻠﻁﺒ .( ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﻜﺤ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻓ ﺫﺇ ؛ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ) ﺕﺎﻤـﺴﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ( ﻻ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﺒﻁﻨﺘ . -ﻲﺒﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ) ﺏﺎﹼﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻫﺭ ).( 2007 ( لﻭﺎـﻨﺘ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻑﻝﺅﻤﻠﻝ ـﺴﺎﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﻲﺒﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺎﺒ ﻕﹼﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥـﻤ ،ﺔﻴ ﺕﺎـﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻪﺼﺼﺨ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃﻭ ،لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲﺒﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻸﻝ ﺩﺭﺎﺴﻤﺒ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺘﺨﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻥﻬﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﻴﻠﻝﺍ . ﻊـﺠﺭﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻤ . -ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ) ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﻼﺒﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ) .( 2002 ( ﻪﺘﺒﺤﺎﺼﻝ " ﺩﻴﺸﺭ ﺩﻭﻌﺴﻤﻨﺒ ﺓ ." ﺹﻭـﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺽـﻌﺒ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ،ﺱﺎـﻤﻴﺭﻗ ﺞﻬﻨـﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﻐﺘﺸﻻﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺭﻐﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺼﻘﻝﺍ

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6 ﺕﻠـﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﺒﺜﺘﻝ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ . -ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﻴﻠﺒﻴﺒ ). 2006 ( ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ " : ﻡﺍﺭـﻜ ﺭﻭﻫﺯ " ﻭ " ﺩـﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﻤﺴﺎﻗ ﻲﺤﻴ ." ﺏﺭـﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻘﻨ ﻑﱢﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻌﺒﻁ ﻰﺼﻗﻷﺍ . ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﺨﻷﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻀ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ . ﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎـﻤﺃ ،ﻲـﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺎﺒ ﺕﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺄﺒ ﻕﻠ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺯـﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊـﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ : " 100 ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻋ )" 1999 ( ﻪﺘﺒﺤﺎـﺼﻝ " ﻥﺎﺒﻌـﺸ ﺔـﻨﻴﺜﺒ " ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﻷ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻀﺭﻋ ﻲـﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻭ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺈﻜ ،ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘ ﺔـﻴﺍﻭﺭ لﻭﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻠﻝ ﺕﺨﺭﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨ " ﺀﺍﺭـﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎـﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺏﻗﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ) " 1899 ( ﺔـﻴﻨﺎﻨﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺘﺎﻜﻠﻝ " ﺏـﻨﻴﺯ ﺯﺍﻭﻓ )" 1846 -1914 .( ﻌﺒﻝ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺽ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ . " ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻋ -ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ -) " 1998 ( ﺓﺩﻗﺎﻨﻠﻝ " ﺎـﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺸ " ﺎﻬﺘـﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﻠﻬﺘـﺴﺍ ﺓﺩـﻗﺎﻨﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻕﺤﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻤﺴﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﺩﺠﻴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺢﻔﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ) ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ( ﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ) ﻱﺭﻭﻜﺫـﻝﺍ ﺏﺎـﻁﺨﻝﺍ .( ﺎﻤﻭ ﺭﺼﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺸ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﺒ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ لﻭﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﺒ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔـﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺩﺎﻌﺘﺒﻻﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻨﻗﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻤﻋ ﻭﻫ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻴﻤﻴ ،ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻀﺘﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﺍﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻓ ﺝﻭﺍﺯﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺫﺇ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ .

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7 ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺎﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ . لـﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻕـﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻭﺃ ،ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ . لﺜﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻲﻨﺘﺩﺎﻓﺃ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻀﺃ " ﺭﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍﻭ " ،ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺓﺩﻝﺎﺨﻝ " ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠ " ﺩﻭﻌﺴﻤﻨﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﺸﺭﻝ . ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﻲﺜﺤﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ . ﻥـﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻪﻝﻭﺤ ﺓﺯﺠﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻨﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺼﺤ : " ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺭـﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ -)" 2001 ( ﺢﻝﺎـﺼ ﺩـﻤﺤﻤﻝ ﻲﺴﺎﻤﺭﻬﻝﺍ . ﺏﺭـﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ؛ﻲﺜﺤﺒﻝ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺃﺭﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺯﺭﺒﻤ ،لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﻨﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ لﻌﻔﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ . ﺓﺭﻤ ّلﻜ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺩﻘﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻴﻝ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝ . " ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ) " 1994 ( ﻲﻜﻝﺎﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤﺍ . " لﻴﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ) " 200 ( ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻠﻝ ﻪﺘـﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲـﻓ ﺯـﻜﺭ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﺎﻓﺃ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤﻝ ﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ . " ﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝ -ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ -) " 1997 ( ﻱﺭﺒﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﺎﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤﻝ . " لﻴﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ " ﺵﺘﻨﻫ ﻱﺭﻴﻴﺘﻝ . " ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ )" 1997 ( ﺭﺩﻴﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﻷ . " ﻡﻼﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ )" 1988 ( ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ، . " ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ )" 1990 ( ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤﻝ . ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺭﺎـﺴﻤ ﻊﺒﺘﺘﺒ ﺔﻘﹼﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺜﺤﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ . ﺔـﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ) ﺏﺭـﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ .( ﺹﻭـﺼﻨﻠﻝ ﻲـﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻲـﻓ ،ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻨﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ

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8 ﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﺠﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩـﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻩﺭﻓﻭﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻ ﻩﺎﻴﺎﻔﺨ ﻑﺸﻜﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺀﺎﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ . ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﺘﺴﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺜﺤﺒ ﺕﻤﺴﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ : -لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ " : ﺔـﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ " ﻱﺭـﻅﻨ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺤﺭﻁ : ﻼﺘـﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻱﻭـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ،ﻑ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ،ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ . ﺏﺎـﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻰﻝﺇ : -لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ " : ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ " ﻥﺃ لـﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﺤ ﺙﻴﺤ ، ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻨ : ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻲﺴﻔﻨ ،ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴ ... ﺦﻝﺇ . -ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ " : ﻱﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ : ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤﻭ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ " ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﺕﺎـﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﻱﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺼﻔﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ﺙﻴﺤ . ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎـﺒ لﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﹼﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻱﺃ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻸﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ . -ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ " : ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ : ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃﻭ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻝﺍ ." ﻲﻓ ﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻡﺘ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔـﻴﺍﺩﺒ ،ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔ ﻊـﻗﻭﻤﻭ ،ﻲﺌﺎـﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ لﻜﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ) ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ( ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩـﺒ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺔﻁﺭﺎﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻘﻠﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ . -ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ " : ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﺠﺘ ﺏﺭـﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﻭـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ " ﺔـﻨﻭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﺠﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ،ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ ، ،ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺌﻁﻭﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺕﻤﺴﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ : -ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺌﻁﻭﺘ " : ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺨ " ﺙـﻴﺤ ، ﻊـﻤ ﻙﺭﺘـﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺨﻝ ﺎﻨﻀﺭﻋ

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9 ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺎـﺒ ﻕـﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺎﻜ ﺭﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻴﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﻡﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﺎﺨ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ . لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : " ﺕﺍﹼﺫـﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻹ ﻲﻌﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ." ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻬـﻀﻓﺭﻭ ﻑﻼﺘـﺨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻘﺤﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﻁﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺯﻜﺭ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻗﺭﻁﺘ ﺫﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻭﺫﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﻀﺘﻝﺍ ﻷﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻭ لﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﺭﺎﺼﺘﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﺘﻏﺍﻭ ﺔﺜﻭﻨ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : " ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻫﺭ ﻥﺍﺭﺴﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ." ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ : ﺕﺍﺩﺎـﻌﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻓ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻓﺎﺠ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺕﺤﻀﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻁﻭـﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺕﻠﺸ ﻪﺘﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﻭ . ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : " ﻱﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ." لﻼـﺨ ﻥـﻤﻭ ﻕﺭـﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺓﺩـﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭـﺸﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻼﻁﻨﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻘﹼﻠﻌﻤ لﻅ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎـﻨﺘﺩﺎﻗ ﺔـﻁﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗ ﺎـﺒﻭﺭﻫ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺄﺠﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺸﺘﻜﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﻲﻋﻭ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘﻭ ،ﻩﺀﺎﻨﺒﺃ ﻅﻔﻠﻴ ﻥﻁﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺅﺒ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ . ﺍ ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝ : لﺼﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻠﺼﻭﺤ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺹﺨﻝﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﺤ ﺓﺩـﻴﺩﺠ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺘ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺤﺘﻔﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻓﻵﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﺘﻨﺘ . ﻰـﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﺃ ﻥﻠﻓ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﹼﻠﻗﻭ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ لـﺜﻤ ﻥـﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺎﻓ ؛ﻲﺴﻔﻨ ﻁﻐﻀ ﻥﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻴ ﺎـﻤﻓ ﻻﺇﻭ ﺎـﻬﻨﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻻ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻱﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺒ ،لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻓﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ . ﺎﻬﻠﹼﻠﺨﺘﺘـﺴ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺙﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻜﻓ

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10 ﺭﻜﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻌﻤ ﺕﺭ ﺫﺇ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﻲﻫ ،ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻥـﻋ ﺏﻭﻨﻷ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﺤﻨﺃ ﻲﻨﺩﺠﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻭﺃ ﺹﻨـﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺎﻜ ﻡﻜﺎﺤﺄﻓ ،ﻲﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺍﺫ ﻲـﺘﻼﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺓﺀﺍﺭـﻗ ﺩﻴﻋﺃ ﻲﻨﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍﻭ ﻰﻓﺎﻨ ﺕﺎـﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﺡﺭﻁﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺼﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺓﺭﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻠﻝ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ . ﻭـﻬﻝ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻼﻌﻓ . ﻭﺠﺭﺃ ﻲﺤﺭﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺕﻨﻜ ﺩﻗ ﻲﻨﹼﻨﺃﻭ ،ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﻀﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺜﺤﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻘﻓﻭ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻭﻜﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﺴﻴﻝﺍ ﺭﺯﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﻝﻭ . ﻥـﺒ ﺔﺸﻭﺸﻭﺒﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺒﺭﺩﻭﺒ ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻱﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷ ﻲﻨﺎﻨﺘﻤﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻜﺸ ﺹﻝﺎﺨﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺎﻤﺎﺘﺨ ﺔﺤﺎـﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﺤﻴﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻬﻝ ﺭﻜﺸﺃ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻓﺭﺸﺃ ﻥﻴﺫﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺠ ﻝ ﺎﻫﺎﻜﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﺅﺭ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻲﺜﺤﺒ لﻭﻗﺃ ﻲﻜ ﻲ .

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لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻱﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ : ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤﻭ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ : ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ،ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻝﺍ

(15)

1 . ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ 2 . ﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻ : ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ

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13 ﺩﻴﻬــﻤﺘ : ﺎـﻨﺒ ﺹﻠﺨﻴ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺯﺭﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﹸﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺘﻜﹶﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﹶﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ َﺃﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺹﻭﺼﹸﺨﺒ ﻲﺘﺎﺤﹶﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ُلﺩﺠﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻑﻼﺘﹾﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻡﺎﻘﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ : ﺏﺩﺃ ﻭـﻫ ﻡﺃ ،ﻱﻭـﹶﺜﹾﻨُﺃ ﻡﺃ ،ﻱﻭـﺴﻨ ﻡﺃ ،ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻭﻫ لﻫ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ . ﺏﺩﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺎﻓ ﻉﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ ﻭﻫ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ) ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ( ﺕﺎـﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺭـﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒ ،ﺓﺃﺭﻤﺍ ﺔـﻁﻘﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻥﻭﻀﻓﺭﻴ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤ ) ﻱﻭﺜﻨﺃ ،ﻱﻭﺴﻨ ،ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨ ( ﻰـﻝﺇ لﻴﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﺃ ﺓﺄﺒﻌﻤ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺸﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤ . ﻥﻭﺩـﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻫﻭ ) ﺓﺃﺭﻤﺍ .( لﺒﻘﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻲﺌﺎـﺴﻨ ﺏﺩﺃ ﺢﻠﻁـﺼﻤ ﺽـﻓﺭ لﺜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻪﻋﺩﺒﻤ ﺱﻨﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ) ﺓﺃﺭﻤﺍ ( لـﺒﻘﻴﻭ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﺒ ّلﺨﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ، ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ " ﻱﻭﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ " ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ " ﻱﻭﺴﻨ " ﻰﻌـﺴﻴ ،ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩـﻴﺃ ﺎﺒﺎﻁﺨ لﻤﺤﺘ ﺔﻅﻔﻝ ﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺨﻠﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤ . ﻉﺍﺩـﺒﺇ ﺱﺒﺘﻠﻴﻭ ﻥﻭـﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺙﻨﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﺒ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﺍ ﻪﻋﺩﺒﻤ / ﺎﺜﻨﺅﻤ ﺎﺼﻨ ﺏﺘﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒ ﺫﺇ ؛ﻰﺜﻨﺃ . ﺔﻐﻴـﺼﻜ ﺔﺜﻭﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﻔﹸﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ . لـﻜ لـﺒﻗ ﺔﺜﻭﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺎﺴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺇ ﻲﺸ ﻰﺜﻨﻷﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﻁﻨﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﻲﻫ ﺀ / ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ . ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻡﻏﺭﻓ " ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ " ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻎﻴﺭﻔﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻤﺠﹸﺘ ﺩﺎﻜﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻘﻴ ) ﺔـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ( ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺽﺭﻔﻴ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴﻓ . ﺭﺜﻜ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒﻓ ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺩﺠﻝﺍ / ﻱﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ / ﺹﻭـﺼﺨﺒ ،ﻱﻭـﺜﻨﻷﺍ ﻓ ﺎﻨﹼﻨﺈﻓ ﺎﻬﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻭﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﺩـﺠﻨ ﻻ لـﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲ ﻥﺃ ﻲـﻔﻜﻴﻓ ،ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﺡﺭﻁﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ لﻭﻘﻨ : ﺔـﻤﻠﻜ ﺔﻓﺎـﻀﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ،لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺘﻜﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺇ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻡﻬﻔﻨ ﻲﻜ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ

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14 ﻲﻝﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍّ " لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ " ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ / ﻱﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ " ﻉﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻨﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻠﻝ ) لﺠﺭ .( ﺍﺫـﻬﺒﻭ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎـﻐﻝﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻤﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﺴﺘﻜﻴ ،ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝ ﻊﺌﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ / ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ) ﺎﻴﺴﻨﺠ ( ﻪـﺘﻴﻠﻜﻭ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺘﺤﻻﺍ لﻌﻓ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﻓ " ﻲﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ / ﻱﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ / ﻱﻭﺜﻨﻷﺍ " ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻨﺩﻭﻘﻴ ﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﺯﺭﻔﻴﺴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻩ . ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴﻭ ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤ لﻜﻓ ؛ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﻡﻏﺭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻡﺜ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺼ ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻀﺤﺘﺴﻴ . 1 -ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ : ﻪـﹼﻨﺇ ؛ﺝﻭﺩﺯﻤ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺒﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲـﻓ ﺙـﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ . ﹷﻓ ﻪﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻫﻼﻜﻭ » ﻲـﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺙﺤﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ . ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻌﻨﺼﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻊﻨﺼ ﺙﺤﺒ ﺔﻌﺌﺎﻀ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻜﻝﻭ ﺓﺯﺠﻨﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩﺭﺘﺴﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ « ) 1 ( . ﻲﺴﺘﻜﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻋﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻴ ،ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻱﺭﻜﻓ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻭﺫ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ . ﺎـﻤﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ) ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ( ﻴﺩـﻴﺃ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺫ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻪﹼﻨﺇ ؛ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻗﺭﻴ ﻻ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻡﻨـﻴ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻭ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻭﻫ ،ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻭ ﺯﺎﻴﺤﻨﺍ ﻥﻋ ) ﺓﺭﺎـﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ( ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﻭـﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻗﺯﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺌﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻥﺍﻭﻝﺃﻭ لﻴﺼﺎﻔﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻊﻨﺼﻴ ﺔﻁﺎﺴﺒﺒ » ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺕﺍﺫﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘ « ) 2 ( . ﻲﻓ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻜﺭﻨﺴﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﺩـﻌﻴ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﺘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﻨﻻ ﺍﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﻜﺃﻭ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﺼﺃ ﺔﻔـﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔـﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﺭﺘﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋﻭ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻜ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ . ) 1 ( ﺏﺘﺍﺭ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻕﻼﺤﻝﺍ : ﺭﺨﻵﺍﻭ ﻥﺤﻨ ) ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ( ،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ، 1997 ، ﺹ 53 . ) 2 ( ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ : ﺹ 53 .

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15 ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺩﺎﻴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻌﻨ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻨ ﻻ ﺙﻴﺩﺤ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﺍﺯﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻐﺸﺘ . ﻲـﻓ ﺯﺍﺯـﺘﻫﺍﻭ ﺔـﻠﺨﻠﺨ ﺕﺜﺩﺤ ﺎﻤﹼﻠﻜ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﺜﺃ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﺭﺒ ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻝ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻷ ﻱﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﺨﺩﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ،ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺒﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴ ﺢﻁﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺩـﻌﺘﺘﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺘﻓ ﺏﺭﺎﻀﺘﺘﻭ ﺕﻼﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ ﺕﻼﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻐﻝﺍﻭ . ﺃ -ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ : ﻡـﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﻊﻤ ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﻁﺘ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺀﺩﺒ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺃ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻴﺼﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ = ﻯﺭﻴﻭ ،ﺃ " ﺭﺠﺩﻴﺎﻫ Heidegger " ﺫـﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺍ ﻡﻭﺩـﻴ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﻍﺍﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﻲـﻫ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﺒ ﺎﻤﻭﺩ ﺕﻤﺩﹸﻗ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘـﺨﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺇ ،ﺔﻗﻼﻋ لﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﺭﺘﺎﻓ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻴﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﻌﺒﻤ . ) 1 ( ﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤﻭ ﺯـﺘﻨﺒﻴﻻ ﻥـﻤ لﻜ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﻬ Leipniz) ( ﻁﻨﺎـﻜﻭ Kant) ( لﺠﻴﻫﻭ ( Hegel ( ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔـﻨﻭﻨﻴﻜﻝ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺕـﺤﻨﻤ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺸﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻋ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ " ﺭﺠﺩﻴﺎﻫ " ﻰـﻝﺇ ﹴﻭﺭﺘﺒ ﻲﻐﺼﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻭﻋﺩﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ﺃ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻼﺘ = ﻥﺃ ﻡﻬﻔﻨ ﻲﻜ ،ﺃ ) ﻭﻬﻝﺍ ) ( est ( ﻋ ﻡﺎﺜﻠﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻤﻴ ﻨﻴﻜ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻥ ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔـﻨﻭ ﻱﺃ ﻥﺌﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﻨﻴﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻓ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﻤ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ّلﻜ ﺔﻨﻭﻨﻴﻜ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﺌﺎﻜﻜ ﻥﺌﺎﻜ ّلﻜﻠﻓ ) 2 ( . ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﺔﻅﻔﻝ ﺍﻭﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨﻭ ) ﺀﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﻀﺒ ( ﻥـﻤ ﺎـﻫﻭﺘﺤﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ ) ﻭﻫ ( ﺔﻅﻔﻠﻝ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ " ﺴﺇ ﻥﻴﺘ " ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ " ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ " ﺎﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻩﺭﻗﺃ " ﻭﻁﺴﺭﺃ " ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝ ﺡﺎﻴﺯﻨﺍ ﺙﺩﺤ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ) ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ( ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ " ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ) " Sujet ( ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤﺘ ﻱﺃ " ﺭـﻜﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻲـﺸﻝﺍ " ﻰـﻝﺇ ) 1 ( ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺒ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ : لﺠﻴﻫ ﺩﻀ ﺭﻏﺩﻴﺎﻫ ) ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻹﺍﻭ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ( ﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺭﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﻊﻴﺯ ﻁ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ 2 ، 2006 ﺹ، 84 . ) 2 ( ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﷲﺍﺩﺒﻋ لﺩﺎﻋ : ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ) لﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ ( ﺩﺎﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ، / ﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭ ﻁ،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ 1 ، 2000 ﺹ ، 69،70 .

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16 ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ " ﺭﻜﻓﺃ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ " ﻭﺃ " ﻭﺘﻴﺠﻭﻜﻝﺍ ) " Cogito ( ﻲﺘﺭﺎﻜﻴﺩﻝﺍ ) ﺩﻭـﺠﻭﻤ ﺎـﻨﺄﻓ ﺭـﻜﻓﺃ ﺎـﻨﺃ .( ﺔﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻁﺒﻨﺘﺴﻤ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺎﻓ " ﺭﻜﻓﺃ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ " ﺭـﺨﺁ ﺡﺎـﻴﺯﻨﺍ ﺙﺩـﺤ ﺩـﻘﻓ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻅﻔﻝ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻠﻝ " ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ )" Ipséité ( ﺔـﻅﻔﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ " ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ " ) ﺀﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺢﺘﻔﺒ ) ( Identité ( ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ " ﻥﺤﻨ " ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ) 1 ( . ﻥﺇ ﻡﺜ » ﺔـﻅﻔﻝ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻻﺯﻨﺍ " ﺔـﻴﻭﻫ " ﺎـﻫﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻥـﻤ ﺎـﻬﺘﻝﻻﺩ ﻰـﻝﺇ ،ﺩـﺸﺭ ﻥـﺒﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻨﻴـﺴ ﻥـﺒﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺒﺍﺭﺎـﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻱﺩﻨﻜﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻁﻨﻷﺍ ﻭﻫ لﺒ ،ﺎﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻴﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﺄﻁﺨ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺌﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻋﺩ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﻴﺠﺘﺴﻴ " ﻭﻫ " ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝ " ﻥﻴﺘﺴﺇ " ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﻥﻤ ﺡﺎﻴﺯﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ " ﻭﻫ " » ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ « ﻭ " ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﻷﺍ " ﻰﻝﺇ " ﻭﻬﻝﺍ " " ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻁﻨﻷﺍ " ﻲﺠﻭـﻝﻭﻁﻨﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻡﻬﻔﻝ ﺏﻴﺠﺘﺴﻴ لﺒ ،ﻁﻗ ﺔﻓﺩﺼ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻔﻋ ﹴﻭﺎﺜ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔ « ) 2 ( . ﺏ -ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ : ﺔـﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﻷﺍ ﻪـﺘﻻﻻﺩﺒ ﻱﺃ ،ﺙﻴﺩـﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺡﺍﺯـﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﺒ ﺎﻨﺫﺨﺃ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺢﻀﺍﻭ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﹼﻠﺠﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺯﻭﺭﺒ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ » ﻥﻤـﻀ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻲﻠﺠ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ (...) ﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻓ ﻻ ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺏﺎـﺴﺘﻜ ﺏﺴﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻓ ﺕﺍﺫﻝ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺝﺫﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﻔﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ . لـﻌﻔﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻋ ﻥﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻰﹼﻠﺠﺘﺘ لﺒ ﺩﺌﺎـﺴ ﻭـﻫ ﺎـﻤﻝ ﺎـﻬﺘﻴﻌﺒﺘﺒ ﻡﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺢﺠﺭﺄﺘﺘ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ،ﻲﻜﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﻲﻤﻴﺩﻬﺘ ﺭﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻏﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﺼﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻜ ﻪﺒ ﻑﺍ « ) 3 ( . ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻘﻓﺍﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﹼﻠﺠﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺈﻓ لـﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺤﺄـﺒ ﺭﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺯﻴﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ) 1 ( ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻲﻨﻴﻜﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺘﻓ : ﻁ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﻴﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ 1 ، 2001 ﺹ ، 7 ، 8 ، 9 . ) 2 ( ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ : ﺹ 11 . ) 3 ( ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍﺭﻭﻨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻓﺃ : ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ) ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ( ، ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ،ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺇ ) ﺩ . ﺕ ( ﺹ 19 .

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17 ﺎﻬﺒﺴﺘﻜﻴ ،ﺔﺜﻭﺭﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺯﻤﺘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻬﺒﻌﺼﺃﻭ ﺭﻴﻐـﺼﻝﺍ ﻪﻁـﺴﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔـﺘﻭﺒﻜﻤ ﺔـﻴﻭﻫ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺢـﺼ ﻥﺇ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﹼﻨﺇ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺕﻭﻜﺴﻤﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﻐﻠﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻏ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﺒﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ) Identité Tabou .( ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻓ " ﺔﻴﻭﻫ " » ﺕﺎـﺠﺎﺤﻠﻝ ﻥﻴـﻋ ﻲـﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩـﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ) Stance ( ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﹼﻠﻜ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺠ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﹼﻠﻜﻭ ،ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻭﻗ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻝ ﺎﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺭﺜﻜﺃﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻪﻬﺒﺎﺸﺘﻭ ﻩﺩﺭﻔﺘﺒ ﺎﻴﻋﻭ ﻪﻔﻌﻀ ﻥـﻜﻴ ﻡـﻝ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺭـﺨﻵﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻩﺩﺭﻔﺘﺒ ﻕﹼﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﺴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺠ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡ ﻲـﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺩﻌﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺫﻝ ﻩﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﻴـﺴﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻔﻴﻓ ،ﻪﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻌﻨﻴ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺭﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺠﻤ ﺎـﻤ ﻭـﻫﻭ ،ﻪـﻴﻓ ﺎﻴﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻥﻋ لﺯ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺄﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ «identity crisis ) 1 ( . ﻁـﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻊـﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺕﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻼﻴﺜﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﺒﻏﺭﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﻡﺩﺎﺼﺘ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﺔـﻴﻭﻫ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺎﻤﺩـﺘﺤﻤ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﺒﻭﻏﺭﻤ ) ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻓ -ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ( ﺔﻀﻭﻓﺭﻤﻭ ﺔﻀﻭﺭﻔﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻫﻭ ) ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ( ّلﻜ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﺤﻨﻓ ، ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻰﹼﺘﺸﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ » لﻭﺒﻘﻝﺎـﺒ ﺎﻨـﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺤﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﹼﻠﻌﺘﻨ ﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻨﺤﺍﻭﺭﺃﻭ ﺎﻨﺘﻴﺼﺨﺸ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﻜﺘ « ) 2 ( . ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻥﺌﺎﻜ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺎﻓ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﻥﻋ لﺍﻭﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺄﺒ ﺎﻬﻠﺼﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ » ﻲﻨﺎـﺴﻨﺇ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻌﺸ ) 1 ( ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﷲﺍﺩﺒﻋ لﺩﺎﻋ : ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ) ﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ،ﺏﺍﺭﺘﻏﻻﺍ ،ﺔ ( ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﺩﺎﺸﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻁ 1 ، 2000 ﺹ ، 16 . ) 2 ( لﺍﻭﻨ ﻱﻭﺍﺩﻌﺴﻝﺍ : ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ) لﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻰﺜﻨﻷﺍ ( ﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ، ﻁ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭ 5 1974 ﺹ 57 ، ) ـﻝ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ : ﺭﻜﻭﺃ ﺙﻨﻜﻝ .(

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18 ﺎﺸﻴ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻜﺭ . ﻲـﻫ ﻰـﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺎـﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﻙﺎـﻨﻫﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺒﻭ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫﻭ ﺏﺍﺯﺤﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺤ ،ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﻭﻁﺘ ﺔـﻴﻨﺒﺃﻭ ﺕﺎـﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻴﺴﺠﺘﻭ ﺭﻭﻠﺒﺘ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺕﻻﺎﻜﺸﺇﻭ « ) 1 ( ﻕـﻴﺒﻁﺘﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺎﻓ ﻊـﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺞﻤﺩﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻭﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻱﺩﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺴ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . ﺝ -ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ) ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ :( ﺭﻭـﻀﺤ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻴﺩﺤ لﻜ ﻥﺇ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺎﺴﺴﺃ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻴ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ : ﺕﺍﺩﺎـﻌﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﺩـﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﹷﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻘﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ » ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ (...) ﺕﺎﻤـﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍﻭ . ﻰـﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺎـﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺔـﻓﺎﻜ لﻤـﺸﻴ ﻊﺴﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ لﻤﺸﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ لﺎﻁﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﻴﻭ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ : ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ « ) 2 ( . ﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻨﺜﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔـﻴﻗﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﺘﺤﺍﻭ ،ﻕﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺎﻘ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺴﺒ ﺱﺎﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﻁﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻭﻫ ﺩﻘﻔﺘ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ) 3 ( . ﻥﻭﺩـﻠﺨ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻘﻤ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ " ﺔﻓﺍﺭﺨ ﺏﺴﻨﻝﺍ ." ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘﻭ » ﹼﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻤﻀﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺜﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ل ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺭﺤﺘﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﺈﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ؛ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ) 1 ( ﻲﻨﺒﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺨ : ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ : ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺏﺍﺭﻏ ﺩﻌﺴ ، ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ،ﺱﻨﻭﺘ 1992 -1993 ﺹ ، 2 . ) 2 ( ﻼﻴﺒﺴ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ : ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻤ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺓﻭﺩﻨ : ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻨﻭﺘﻴﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﻴﺭﻓﺃ ،ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ،ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻷ 1993 ﺹ ، 43 . ) 3 ( ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻼﻴﺒﺴ : ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻤ 43 .

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