• Aucun résultat trouvé

Généralisation de la méthode modale de Fourier aux problèmes de diffraction en optique intégrée. Application aux convertisseurs modaux par ingénierie des modes de Bloch.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Généralisation de la méthode modale de Fourier aux problèmes de diffraction en optique intégrée. Application aux convertisseurs modaux par ingénierie des modes de Bloch."

Copied!
128
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Généralisation de la méthode modale de Fourier aux problèmes de diffraction en optique intégrée. Application aux convertisseurs modaux par ingénierie des modes de Bloch. Eric Silberstein. To cite this version: Eric Silberstein. Généralisation de la méthode modale de Fourier aux problèmes de diffraction en optique intégrée. Application aux convertisseurs modaux par ingénierie des modes de Bloch.. Physique [physics]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. Français. �tel-00003101�. HAL Id: tel-00003101 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003101 Submitted on 9 Jul 2003. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) THÈSE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 6 Spécialité : Optique et photonique. Présentée par Eric SILBERSTEIN Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR de L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 6. Sujet de la thèse :. Généralisation de la méthode modale de Fourier aux problèmes de diffraction en optique intégrée. Application aux convertisseurs modaux par ingénierie des modes de Bloch. Soutenue le 11 octobre 2002 devant le jury composé de : M. Jean-Marc FRIGERIO M. Roel BAETS M. Gérard GRANET M. Philippe LALANNE Mme Suzanne LAVAL M. Pierre BENECH. Examinateur Rapporteur Rapporteur Directeur de thèse Examinateur Examinateur.

(3)  

(4) 

(5).  >BC> >BZY >Bts. "!$#&%('*)+#,%&-/."'*%0'*12#4365879':5<; ;; ;=;; ;; ; ;; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ;; ;;=; ;;?>A@ D0E8F6G0HJILKNMPO0MLQE8RSQTMAU6V,WXB B BB=B BB BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BB?>A@ [\E8RSQTMS]_^:U`^baJF6] O0M=HJUKcRL^8d0F,O0MPKNF,OeU6HCMfO0M geFV0ETaJMSEPhjilknmpofq B BB B B B B BB BB?>rY u,^:U/G0aJHCaC^bRO0M=HvUilknmpoxweD$FHJU6E8aCQbU/^8aJF]y{z|M}^KNU/^8E8aJ~LM=u BB BB B B B B BB BB?>r >B€s(BC> kF6]4‚6MSETƒMS]0~LM„O0MLQQTRSETaJMSQO0M geFV0ETaJMLE MS]†D$F6HvU6ETaJQbU`^baJF6]y{z B B B B BB BB?>A‡ >B€s(BZY oD0D0ETF&~:d0M O0M=HvUˆKNU/^8E8aJ~LM=u BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BB?>A‰ >B€Š kF]0~LHJV0QTaJF]‹BB B BB BB B BB=B BB BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BBŒY/@. ( Y&BC> Y&BZY Y&Bts Y&B€Š Y&BZ Y&Bt‡ Y&BZ¦ Y&Bt‰. "!$#&%('*)+#,%&-/."'*%0'*12#4365879':5-SŽ(Ž.J79034S'*-(3`‘Ž5}#&’`."“:)+':”*%–• #}Ž–j7"(3,'{—˜3/7"%0L'ˆ; ;;=; ;;ŒY,> z F,O0RSHCaJQbU`^baJF6]]4V0KNRLE8aC™,V(M ML] F6D(^baC™,V(M ƒ6V0aJO0RLM<BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BBŒY,> š{^8aJHJaCQbU/^8aJF]NO0MSQ{Q8RLE8aCMSQO0M geFV0E8aCMSE D›FV0ElHJUœKNF,O0RSHCaJQ8U/^baCF]ML] FD&^baJ™4V0MPƒ6V0aJO0RLM<BBŒY/s [\E8RSQTMS]_^:U`^baJF6] O0M=HjtU6Ež^baC~SHJM BB=B BB BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BBŒY`Š i{Ÿ6HJMPO0MLQ{~LFV0~:d0MLQfU6G(Q8FETGeU6]_^bMLQ BB BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BBŒY`Š kFV0~:d0MLQfU6G(Q8FETGeU6]_^bMLQ{R}^bV0O(aJRSMLQ BB BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BBŒY/‡ o*Ež^baJ~LHJM  _¡=u&o¢o£>r‰†h¤Y/@@(> q¥B=B BB BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BBŒY/‰ §*aJQT~SV0QTQ8aCF] O(M HjtU/ET^baC~SHCM*ML^{KcaJQTMPMS]†¨ V&‚&ETM=O0MSQ[©zª B B BB BB B B B B BB BB Š@ kF]0~LHJV0QTaJF]‹BB B BB BB B BB=B BB BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BB Šs. «,­¬\-/."®r36.¯%0'b”)+#&%(':”*%0'*°.9#&®ž!±':²p#}Ž³"7"(3,'{—˜3679%0S'l;; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ;; ;;=; ;; Š_ s(BC> [\E8FG0HCISKcMPd0FKcFƒIL]0M³w0D›FHJF6HJFƒaCMBB BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BB Š_ s(BZY §*avU/ƒF]eU6HCaJQ8U/^baCF]O0M=HJUˆKU/^8E8aC~SMfO0MP^8EbU6]0Qž´9MSEž^*B BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BB Š‰ s(Bts µ–W(MLKND(HJM=]4V0KNRLE8aC™,V(M±BB B BB=B BB BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BBŒ/@ s(B€Š kF]0~LHJV0QTaJF]‹BB B BB BB B BB=B BB BB B BB BB=B BB B BB BB B B B B BB BBŒ6Y. >.

(6) 

(7)   !"#$&%(')% 03254. 032YX. 032gf. 032x0. *+*,*-*+*,*+*,*,*+*,*+*,*,*,*,*,*+*,*+*,*,*+*,*+*-*,*+*/.10. 687:9<;5=(;#7:>@?3A@B3C<7:D3E#FHGJIK2,2,2+2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/.10 032L4:254. MN7O>P=(C!QO;5>)=!I

(8) 9R?3ITSUQODVC(;#W

(9) Q=!;57:>. 032L4:2YX. Z[ IH=\EQ9(I

(10) C^]_E#7:>3`OA3I

(11) A3C"?VI,W

(12) Qbac;L=!de2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/.O.. 032L4:2gf. 6hC<;#>3WH;#B$IT?3I-EjikdH=!AV?3Il2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/.m. MN7:>3WHI

(13) BV=(;#7:>n?3AnGJ;5C(7:;5Co?3I,pNC(QO`:`. 2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/.O.. 2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/.Oq. 032gXc254. MN7O>3W

(14) IHBV=!;57:>. 2+2,2,2+2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/.Oq. 032gXc2YX. MN7O>3W

(15) IHBV=!;57:>rQB3B3C(7Wts3dHIvuwEjixQO;5?3Iy?3AnWbQOE5W

(16) A3E^?3AGz7?3IT?3I,pNE#7Wts{2,2+2,2+2/.|. 032gXc2gf. MN7O>3W

(17) IHBV=!;57:>n}3>3I-IH=R=!7:E5d

(18) C(QO>3W

(19) IHGJIH>)=. 2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~mO. MN7:>3WHI

(20) BV=(;#7:>n?3AnC(d

(21) 9<IbQOAnW

(22) 7OA3B3E#IHA3C\2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~m:X 032xfV254. 6€7:9(;L=!;57:>@?3ABVC(7:D3E5F

(23) GzI2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~m:X. 032xfV2YX. MN7O>3W

(24) IHBV=!;57:>. 032xfV2gf. ‚Td

(25) 7OGJd=!C(;5Iy?3I-W

(26) 7OA3B3EQ`:Iƒ2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~m:.. 2+2,2,2+2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~mOf. MN7:>3WHE#A39<;#7:>„2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~mOm. $† t<(r‡ˆcU ‰ t ŠV ‰#$&%(')%H ~*+*,*,*+*,*+*,*,*,*,*,*+*,*+*,*,*+*,*+*-*,*+*~mO| .c254. ‹yC(;#`O;#>3IyI=\;#GzB 7:CŒ=tQO>VW

(27) IyC<I

(28) EQ1=!;5aOIy?3IH9‰?3;L[^dHC(IH>P=(I

(29) 9RB$I

(30) C<=(I

(31) 9e2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/q4. .c2YX. 7?3F

(32) E5IT?3I

(33) 9\B IHC<=(I

(34) 9R?Žik;#>39<I

(35) C<=(;#7:>. .c2gf. ;#C<7:;#C<9"QO?_QBV=!dH92+2,2+2,2,2+2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/qOq. 2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/qOX. .c2xfV254. MN7O>3W

(36) IHBV=!;57:>. 2+2,2,2+2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/qOq. .c2xfV2YX. QE#;#?3Q=!;57:>‘?3I-EjixQOB3BVC(7Wts3I’2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2/q“. .c2xfV2gf. ”Rd

(37) 9<A3E5=!Q=!9. .c2xfV2x0. ”RI

(38) GJQOC<•AVI]_>3d

(39) WHI

(40) 9<9(;5=(d+?VI,B$IH=(;5=(I

(41) 9R`:C!QbaA3C<I

(42) 9. 2,2+2,2,2+2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~|O 2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~|c4. .c2x0. M–Qbac;L=!dH9\;5>)=!d

(43) `OC(d

(44) IH9. .c2Y.. —˜;#9<W

(45) A39<9(;57:>™2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~|:.. .c2gm. 2,2+2,2,2+2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~|0. .c2g.c254. š"?3QOBV=tQ1=!;#7O>n?^ixA3>n9(IHA3E›W

(46) œO=(d-?3I

(47) 9RGz;#C(7O;#C(9ˆ2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~|Om. .c2g.c2YX. š"?3QOBV=tQ1=!;#7O>n?VI

(48) 9R?3I

(49) AnW

(50) œO=(d

(51) 9R?3I

(52) 9\Gz;#C(7O;#C(9. 2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~|:q. MN7:>3WHE#A39<;#7:>„2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2-2,2+2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2-2,2+2,2,2+2,2+2,2,2,2,2,2+2,2+2~|O|. X.

(53) 

(54) 

(55)   !"#$ %&'()* ,+.-# #/ %!012!*3!0456-780

(56) 9 . #;:<:=:?>A@ BCED. FHG.I%J*KEL$I%L=K MONPMPQ.REST<UT*VGAWXMWSL. BCZ@. [1MK REIXMSR GAW\L)] ^_T7URE`\L7WaSMK LbC=CYC<C=C<C=C<C<C=C<C=CYC<C=C<C<C=C<C=C<C<C<C<C<C=C<C=C?>c. BCdr. BCz. C=C<C=C<C<C=C<C=CYC<C=C<C<C=C<C=C<C<C<C<C<C=C<C=C?>A@. BCd@ CED. FT7SeG I%L<^GAf%UgL)] ^%KEGARESL*UhKEL*ViI%GAWW%T*L7V&Lj]^T*UR `kL*WS!MK L*VlC<C<C<C<C<C=C<C=C?>c. BCd@ CZ@. [1MK R I%MSREGAWmWaf%`kT*UREnaf%L$I%LYK'Mo`kT7SeG I%L. BCd@ Cdr. st] ^%KEGARESMSREGAWmI%L7V&I%GW%W%T*L7V&Lj] ^_T7UR `kL*WSMK L7VuC=C<C<C=C<C=C<C<C<C<C<C=C<C=CiDqpr. CYC<C=C<C<C=C<C=C<C<C<C<C<C=C<C=CiDqpA@. vwL7`xMUnaf%L*V&C=C<C<C=C<C=C<C<C=CYC<C=C<C=C<C<C=C<C=CYC<C=C<C<C=C<C=C<C<C<C<C<C=C<C=CiDqpAy BCzrCED. {|W }Xf%L*WN*L(IfHVL*N*GW%IH`kG.I%L$^%UG^XM~MSRE€CYC<C=C<C<C=C<C=C<C<C<C<C<C=C<C=CiDqpAy. BCzrCZ@. {|W }Xf%L*WN*L(IL<K MO^_L7WSL<I%LY~AUMPQ.f%ULbC=C<C=CYC<C=C<C<C=C<C=C<C<C<C<C<C=C<C=CiDqpAy. ‚ƒGAW%N7K f%VR GAW„C=C<C<C=C<C=C<C<C=CYC<C=C<C=C<C<C=C<C=CYC<C=C<C<C=C<C=C<C<C<C<C<C=C<C=CiDqpc. r.

(57)  

(58)     "!#$&%('*)+,$$-+.%/!#$&%(01'$32546$#87$,9!,$ :;!<+,$-(=>%?2@ -  $-$-#8%A.BC= +(=ED $+,$!* $-%F5+,G-$&%(,=H7E=G=B %(B3,$-#2!IJ+,+,D $EFKE4L$-+.%$#M9N,=#2$3O=E.%($&9N,0$PQ4R=2$$ %=!M+,N!S%( $-#8% :;!TU46N#8%VB-%(B=WN.%,B+"PQ4LXY#+Z%(>%(!*%[254R\]*%(:;!$^J_<#`.$  $[ $!a.$,$-$-,$ N#b2 .$ %($!* 2$/%(')-+,$FKc<'  W$de=Ef=##*$FO#N#`+,$!* $ $#8%AJN!*"b4R=C7N V=-$S%(B&-N $/2g-%((=#8%CFh= + =!+.+,TJ!"b4L=H7N V=-N O=9#B?%(N!*%A=!U N#92$i=3%('*)+,$$-%A=. +VP*,g2! .$/!#U%,(=C7E=  +,- $#8%,jO:;!$/2$/:;!O=%(BE^_<#b+,$-N#2b $!5FHa-4R=K!#$/J$-#+,B-$=.%, !*  )-,$]WN!Vk$=#SlYcm=!TnV!9NEl # #K^po*=2+,WN#D %(B/$ %/+(=9N$#8%,  $+.+,$&b4L#;%]B-%(B3!S%( $+APq2*$3#N&D.$!+.$+/,$-,+,$-+F5$ %ra.$3 ! $#+.! +s%,,)+r,$-N##O=E +,+,=#8%C^hk$?.$ $. $AB98=$ $#8%s$+=E!*%(.$+ $&D.$+s2*!b =DWN(=E%,N .$[JN!* t4L= 2*$$-%/$+?$-#N!*(=9N$-$-#8%(+/:;!54L +]b46N#8%?,g29N!B+-^Tk$3W$#+.$ #*%1=  $#8%/P$-+/=#- $#*+ N )-9N!$+?2*S %(N,=#8%(+:g!*u#;%DW$C=!*N!vN#8%,, D*!BiPqt4L=&D*f=#-$&$-%Pqf=DJ##$ 'g!*$-!2*$ t46B:;!J$EF$-%[:;!TN#8%[B9N= $-$-#;%[+.!Ub4L= 2$- N.+,:;!$?$?DJ$-+,N#b+-4L$-#`$-+.%[wx=%s+,$#8%, ^ k$%, $#*+"$-#*jO#yP ,$ $.$Vi=3wx=   $A$ %] $+"=+[JN!*V$+.N!*%, $#8%"(=p:;!546 +"b4L#;% =WN.%,B[=!N!*,+z2$[$-+u%,,N+z=##B-$+^;_<-, .$[!#$%(')-+,$EFg-$[#54L$-+.%{O=+<!#* :;!$ $#8%u,B= +,$-<!# %(,=H7E=5+,- $-#;%,jO:;!$i=E +46$+Z%?=!*+,+,QFhO=.w| +F*N##=E} %,,$/2$+"O=+.+(=9N$-+]P37g 2$$-%"2$+" #+Z%1=#8%,+ 2$/2B-N!,=9N$ $#8%FO$-%V $-!+,$].B+,$-#$b4R=3B-%,B?%(,)-+[,B- $-!+,$E^h~7N!+%(!+FO $.t^. .

(59)   

(60)   "!$#&' % )("*,+-./0 1 23/45.7689+54:45;.<>= ? 2@/(A68././68+B68./CDC0-E.7)6F; G 2@/(ACH4IJ66K.7C<(L4C./6F; M 243N/C3/04 O !P#&Q % J/(A*,+-.7RS)C03)H4 T VUXW4(A2SC-.7)6F; Y VUXW4(A2(L4C./6F; Z V48*6-6-0 [N\ V2]:4)63/45.768"./743^+/3/C080-E.7/68F; [ _ ]2]4/683745./6A.77453)+0/3)`("4JC.768F; acbD[Nb a 6J68.7 d b 6Kef/-0 [ 68(" d b (L4689(A.7WJ> g Uihkjl g 6)3NUX2>d&hm4H+njD48oB3/683 pi_Sq p 0)rs-./8o _ 45./-tW0 q 4uo0. v.

(61) 

(62)   . . "!$#&%"('*),+-!$.0/12%"34/&5768!9(';:=<?>2(.212%"!$.0/@%A6&12!B/@%)2C2+4/@+-.2!EDF'2%G HI(>2JE+-.2+LKM!E/&NOCQPSRLT-U0VXWY. #&'2#8N7!B/@53'Z.[/@68\7#]-6&(.21^!E.0/@5768_A/`1a(.2#J9

(63) NA+-"'2.a(';/@5"12%7#)ZCFbM#8!$N7!E%7.2#AcSde%A#3f/@5768!9('M:g(68/&!EhZi N7!E%7J$#APa]-6@jK(57#)k5A6&!$+M12!EDM'Z%7"%7.0/l<"Jnmo5ANOC2%7JEJ$%p12%J9J$+-.Z]-'2%7'Z61qmo+-.Z12%`%/l1Z57.2+-""57#7Pr)a46l4.a(J$+(]-!$% jK-%7NJ$%A#NA6&!$#s/O('M:t)2C0bM#&!$DF'2%A#N7+(.2#8/&!E/@'Z57#`)2(6p'2.^%7")2!EJ$%7"%7.0/p),5768!$+M12!$DF'2%1Qmo4/&+-%A#7Pvuwx$yz|{(}4~ a€a z f‚ x„ƒ7}a OyI+-'ZKM6&%A.0/†/@+('Z/'2.NOCa(")`1qm‡()Z)2J$!ENj4/&!$+-.2#ˆ%:M/@6&_A%A%A.0/†)268+-"%A/&/&%7'2#8%7#eG‡‰ZcfŠ`c(‰(+0(.;i .2+-),+-'2JE+-#7P0RLT(T0‹fW„cfŒY.N7685j(.0/JE+;N7(J$%A%A.0/Ž12%7#125A„(';/@#†)2(6JE%7#8DM'Z%7J$#J9‘J$'Z!E\76&%S%A#8/†#&'2#8N7%7);/@!$>ZJ$%e1Z% #&%)26&+()a(]-%A67PaN7%A#’4/@5A6&!$(';:),%768%/&/&%7.0/’1Z%J$]('2!$12%A6‘12%„4“7+-.?%A”"Nj4N7%Go•

(64) %A–M!E# zv{(—B˜$PˆRLT-T-™fWnP +-'ZKM6@4.F/(!$.2#8!eJ$

(65) K-+-!E%. < 12%7#NA!$68N7'2!B/@#`!E.0/@57](6&57#+()Z/@!EDM'Z%7#N7+()a4NA/@#AcŒS.š+-'Z/&6&%(P†J9),+-#&#8!$>2!EJ$!B/@5. +(›k%768/&%)a(6NA%7##8/&6&'2N/@'268%7#12%. #&'Z)2)26&!E%A6+-'QP('šN7+-.0/@6&(!$68%(P1Qm‡4)2JE!Eha%A6`JE%3/O('M:œ1Qm57"!$#8#&!$+(.. #&),+-.0/O(.Z57%p1Qmo4/@+-"%7#e57"%A/&/&%7'268#‘)2J9(NA57#ž%A.

(66) N7LKM!B/@5 GŸ 'Z6&N7%AJ$JnPQRLT( 0™ W ),+-'26&6&(!E/e)k%A6&"%A/8/@6&%¡1Z%685jfi J$!E#&%76e12%7#‘N7+(),+-#@4.F/&#‘+-)Z/@!EDF'2%7#ž/@68\7#‘.2+LK44/@%A'26&#APa/@%7JE#žDF'2%1Z%7#‘J9(#8%768#l<>a4##8%7'2!EJ¢c £e!$%A.DF'2%lJ$%7#Y)268%7"!$\A6&%7#Y5/O(),%7#¤K;!E#@(.0/I<J$¡6&5j4J$!$#&4/@!E+-.12%N7%A#e12!B›q5A6&%7.0/&#INA+-),+-#&(.0/@#¤(!$%A.0/ 125¦¥&<§5/@5ž¨6@4.2NOC2!$%A#7P-JE%7#S)268+->2JE\7"%7#S<¡6&5A#&+-'Z126&%‘6&%A#8/&%7.0/¤%7.2NA+-6&%‘.2+-`>26&%A';:kc0Š`m'2.2%‘)a(6s/jP-!EJZ%7#s/Y!$.;i 12!$#8)k%A.2#@4>2J$%§1Z%§)26&5A12!$68%¡%A”"Nj4N7%7"%7.0/‘JE%7#vN7(6@(N/@5A6&!$#s/@!EDM'Z%7#ž12%§NA%7#‘4/@5A6&!94';:kP;NA%¡DM'Z!Q.257NA%7#8#&!E/&% <J$§¨+-!$#Y'2.2%"%7!$JEJ$%A'26&%vNA+-")26&5AC2%7.2#8!$+-.12%7#¤)2C25A.2+-"\7.2%A#e)2C0bM#&!EDF'2%7#v)Z6&+-)268%7"%7.0/¤12!E/&#I%/¤J$%‘6&%i N7+-'Z6&#<l12%7#N7(J$NA'2J$#57JE%7N/@6&+(3(](.25A/&!$DF'2%7#Ac(ŒS.%›q%/jP4J$%¤+(/&!EZ57J$5A%A.0/O(!E6&%¤12'N768!$#s/O(JM)2C2+(/&+-.2!EDM'Z% 5A/@(.0/ž12%¡J¢m+-68126&%l12%¡]-6@4.212%7'Z6v12%¡J9J$+-.2]('2%7'26I1Qm+-.212%4P2.2+-'2#ž.Z+-'2#e/&6&+-'ZK(+-.2#(JE+-6&#I1a(.2#vNA%¡DF'2% J¢m+-. .2+("%`JE%12+-(!$.Z%`6&%A#&+-.2(.0/p)k+-'Z6§J$%ADM'Z%7J!EJ†.Qm%:;!$#s/@%)a4#§12%#&+(J$'Z/&!$+-.=4)2)26&+MNOC25A%ha(>2J$% G Ÿ %A/&!E/jPRLT-U(©4W„c Ÿ +-'26’6857#8+-'21268%J$%)26&+->ZJ$\7"%(Pr!EJ%A#8/¡1Z+-.2N`.Z57N7%A#&#&(!$68%12%6857#&+('2126&%`J$%7#l57DF'a4/&!$+-.Z# 12%•f:MªI%7JEJ12(.2#v/@+('Z/@%pJ$%A'26ž]-5A.2576&(J$!B/@5§)a46žJ$%¡>2!$(!$#v1Z%J$+M125AJ$!$#&4/@!E+-.3.F'2"5768!$DF'2%4caŠ`mo('Z/@68% )a(6s/jPS),+-'26DF'2%NA%7#"N7+-"),+-#@(.0/&#")Z'2!$#8#&%7.0/_A/&6&%?'Z/@!EJ$!$#857#1a4.2#J$=)26@4/&!$DF'2%4PS!$Jv%A#8/.257NA%7#&#&(!$68% 12%J$%A#¡N7+-.Z.2%7N/@%76('¬«+-.Z12%%:M/@5A6&!E%7'26­qcˆŽJ$'2"!$\A6&%4Pk!E.2!E/&!9(JE%7"%7.0/§4%A.257%)a46¡'2.g]('2!$12% +-)Z/&!$DF'2%vNAJ9(#8#&!$DF'2%4P012+-!B/%7.Z#&'2!B/@%‘_A/&6&%ž!$.X¥8%7NA/&57%‘1a(.Z#SJ$%vNA6&!$#s/O(JZ)2C2+(/&+-.2!$DF'2%4c-®’'NA+-'26&#Y12%žNA%‘)26&+4i N7%A#&#&'Z#12%A#),%76s/@%A#!E),+-6s/O(.0/@%A#¡)k%A'ZK-%A.0/`#8%(.2!B¨%7#8/&%76APqN7%"DF'2!S),%7'Z/Ca(.Z12!$N7()k%A6¡]-6@jK(%7"%7.0/ ™.

(67) 

(68)    "!#$%%&(')*&+&, -).,%/% 012  %34* 5 % 6178, & % 1)9:+%%* )6;<>=?A@06%1 /5.%, 6%6,1)1"901%C;D%6 %CE8F1G;D12H&)%6IJE 1K1)L'4  B.  M$ N34 O$P -).KQ 06)1R1 C/%6%4JK65 ST  1U 1)8)V901% ;W& 061 L 1U %%&4X)Y&$6%1S@#8 F %%6MP 1)30JU 16Z[=\U 1)L, ]1) L=?,65 S, 08G6 1)96*,^_6%5 0C%1)U   ,  6%1)1%6#8$ <`6)A% U6%134</ 6 (S@VIJa6 1 01%* %1)b81&C^cF %%34  G6%1 #ACd1  %CC N5C-% %-8%C8$ ]12#8S6,S@- % *^<

(69) +A P/($>' G  S8:G1)e6%%N5#5 & U. E & $4f7S@4g[1L% %12ih_% %6Gj70@k%%W%129$>=\U %125 4&6%1)30FN-lm&$%%1n'T  E1)%1:.;ao 6p8%1)901)%6'K;a %%1 %1) kGS@lF:/^< %%A IJd %%$'8^i # & % 9$ %6  %`ii D-%  %%1J-) S`5  U .' 10A9S1)K %%1)-QL=? -1J _&`W%U &`)`  J3478`)W-1^$1MW65 S`1)% 6%1$4`>=?%$' W34/^<q`r#srP' 6%)NRA@ B. =\%%U $ %1i &%5. cF_ $%6c;dl 61) tDFDL=?1 ug. 1) a%vU 1) 1)34&^ %1)30Dv1 1Ccw7%U Ud F_U %x968$_vU1 L=? &%1 _U %y;z=\&) 1J& 9  %1%  i& 08S@ B.  -).&t ]1). L=? G8N$4G/%61 *: %:)+34D{=?|k8$ 9 1 #P  %P1  g}[|01)30K303476 1 0ugO&   9$7)U %6Q K:% &1)% 1 i6)960Z[8F U 66$,6%%1 &_ ]$1%Da % 1G i^% &1)%%1) ~AP),FXV  ^k S1 v_  %'V _(9 _ 1Dv &%&6A

(70) %&$%1 mP& 0 ~wQ 0N5€%%d)U1ll&1)% 1)i$b8d&R@S11%<&1)6U)% 90   SD$a) Uk,% U$%1 LL!G P(9 D1)306 & SN5&m()J&12g % 1)%G,D((901)6C1%6U  6,A, ,(9 ,L'L8CP( _L=?< - $%1 L'S9 6 1)b8 A@S6%1)&N)^< 6A1) k: % f7%%75.%7   T WQ8F1T56  1347 ‚_F` 6%6  765 S$'ƒ` % c8F1&%6%4i N$1Dc <$1)($%1 . „. B. d8F1)&56  134 c 6%.

(71) 

(72)    

(73)     !"#$

(74) " %& !$'

(75) $( 

(76) )*+

(77) #*,-. 

(78) /+ " %0

(79)  

(80)  #+

(81) 1$ +

(82) 2 43 

(83) *.2 / ! %* %".$' 

(84) ." %#+

(85) 2"."5 /687  9"$

(86) +-  !"9

(87) "."$: !;< >=?* %+

(88) @*,2.< !

(89) 4+

(90) A 0

(91) "

(92) "9+

(93) .<=*

(94) ).B+$

(95) C*B+

(96) " +

(97) #.  

(98) D"E)

(99) *F5*

(100) *G+

(101) #$$

(102) & !"

(103) 

(104)  1$H/ ! %IJ

(105) #0 %+

(106) .7   !" %" %D1

(107)  ! FK6/8"FL

(108)  D=$: 2*%9.< !

(109) 4+

(110) + F5*

(111) *8$4 . %IJ

(112) F / ! %* %". )

(113) *5*

(114) *G+

(115) M/+

(116) ;+

(117) N9*/O+?$

(118) +

(119) M0 %+

(120) +QPR$

(121) +

(122) M0 5=.7  

(123) M+

(124) .< !" $S3. %$T$

(125)  2"&=/ !U$'& ! %

(126) *% B*%"+

(127) #*,V/+

(128) .*% !? %$+

(129) 2$:=" %"   W4+ /687  -"$

(130) +

(131) " %F" 2

(132)  . $J .E$T !  %  !"Q  IJ ?  DW  !"F

(133)  *% %IJ

(134) 1*%9 .

(135) * ? ;

(136) ". $: !.M+?$

(137) ;*%9?

(138)     ..+

(139) $: ! X *%$

(140)  ! $Y+QPZ

(141) $Y*% W $J .0".[+?$

(142) W*E+

(143)  [+QPR $Y$: !? WI4 V$

(144) 

(145) \=$

(146) $ . $H*%*%L8!? %$]\=*% ^W^_ + `a

(147) *

(148) "< 2*% abYb. +

(149) N;0$

(150)  /687.  ] %$

(151) IJ

(152) DU

(153)  ! 

(154)  . $J c

(155) $

(156) .< !

(157) 4+

(158) +

(159) ]$

(160)  %$d+

(161) ]$:=& !   

(162)  -?3 +? /6'$: !"#

(163) $H0

(164) %+

(165) F*," I4 < 2

(166) $T " !*

(167) 

(168)  $

(169) I4 -e\fg$H ! I4 F0

(170) %+ .7  Y+

(171)  $

(172) 

(173)  ! ?h9<iG ! .j$k*%*%L8!? %$l5=j*%. nm@o. +  b. "

(174) " h9=?* %+

(175) . K6 )." %$: ?*%$: *%[ .+

(176)

(177) < ! %$c+

(178) )& !M

(179) )" .?;*%;$:=" %"   24+ /687. p.

(180)  

(181)  !"#$%&"('*),+-.),&/%01%2)!#$&3'5461#7*&8:9;-<*+-#$3'*)!=1&#7&"2=?><=@!1.*AB01A$ +C/241)D013"#$E,)!>1>1&30<*&F),=10<*&F'*)!>11A$/*&89;G&*'),=10H'54!<#72"G1/&=IJLK6!A7#$01AMN+-/41)O0< #7E,),>1"*>1&"01/K,*A7),1./*L01!=1& A7'*!01P01L'24<Q*&R),>< A$S'T6A$'*><AO01P'*),+-.),&2!=U&B*=V)!<2#7WD>< #$=U2/E,/!8XYAF&"-'*),=<&"2#Z2>1/H&&=U2#$A$A7*+-*=U-0\[]><=^!_2#7'*A$<>1`1A$#7/0!=<&aUbJcOdede*=^f!g,g<h!89; 2"),#$&"#$Q*+-i'54!1#Z2"31/&=IJA$*&P+C/241)D01&L><2#7A$#7&/*&.),>1PA$j'*!A$'>1A.01*&F+-)O0<*&0<GkA$)D'5406=1& 01*&iE,><#$01&l0m[]),=<01*&iE,nK!/*&lWI>1#;&),=U><2#7A$#$&"/*&L0!=1&iA$&"*'),=101(!_2#$G0<>o+C!=I>1&'#7<T8. p.

(182) 

(183)      

(184)  . "!$#&%(')%+*,"-$.0/213'54"!$6"7$#8"9:9;6<!$#=-$13>(#3'(!?/3'@1A9BDCE>(/3*$6GF$'HCE6IF$"9:'JF$')K,6<7$1L.:'@1(4"M?7$.I'@#L/AN9:DO,"#L' F$'P!$65/213'Q%@6<!R/21L.:O$7I/2.:6"!6<13.;S<.:!$"9:'TF,"!U#V%@'(/L/2'W-,51L/2.;'"XYZ9[#@\]"S<.0/F^\_7$!$'WCE>(/3*$6GF$'P-'@13CE'(/L/+"!R/VFU' %`"9;%@7$9;'@1a9:'(#b'dce%@"%@.0/2>(#bF$'JF$.;fg12"%d/2.;6<!hFU'H13>(#3'@"7IiQMG7U'j!$6<7$#kCe'd/3/3136<!$#kNl-U136"m$/b-,"1=9Bn#37$.0/2'A-g6<7U1 13>(#36<7$FU13'DFU'@#H-U136<O$9;o@CE'@#AF^\_6<-U/2.;M?7$'DS<7U.:F$>('"XIpH'(/L/2'DCE>(/3*$6GF$'l'(#L/H13.:S"6<7$13'(7$#3'l%`"1A'@9;9:'13>(#36<7UF 9:'(# >@M?7,5/3.:6<!U#AFU'DqriGsH'(9:9tF,"!$#8/26"7U/2'9:'(7$18S<>@!U>@1259:.;/3>)#2"!U#A1L'@%(6<7$13.;1ANF$'(#H5-$-$136`iI.:Ce5/3.:6<!$#(X<5!$# 7$!u-$13'(Ce.;'@1/3'@CE-$#@4v!$6"7$#T-$13>(#3'@!R/36<!$#Q9;'Pwx6<13Ce"9;.:#3CE'F$'9B

(185) Ce>d/2*$6GF$'W-$1L6<-$1L'@CE'@!R/F$.;/3'"Xv5!$# 7$!#3'(%@6<!UFy/3'@CE-$#@4j!U6<7$#

(186) F$>d/+".;9:9:6"!$#e9;'@# -U13>@%@"7U/3.:6<!$#zN{-U13'@!UF$13'u-6<7$1 >d|I.0/2'(1 9:'(#

(187) -$136<OU9:o@CE'@# !?7$Ce>(13.;MG7U'@#-g6"7U|5"!R/.:!R/2'(1L|<'(!$.:1F,5!$#%@'@1}/+".;!$'@##L.;/27$5/2.;6<!$#@X ~g€~. A‚rƒk„$ ‡†5ˆŠ‰‹=‰5Œ‚5Ž5Œ"‰?kG‘ ”. ™^š^ ™› š^ ™› šœ^ ™ › œ^ › œ^ › œ^ › œ› œ^ θ ” ›^ ™ œ^ ^ š^ š^ š››™ œ^ ›” ^ ›™ œ^ ›™ œ^ › œ^ › œ^ › œ^ › œ› œ^ œ^. ™ š^ ™ šœ^ ™ › œ^ ›^š^ › œ^ › œ^ › œ› œ^ œ^ ” ™^ š›™^ š›™^ š›™› œ^ ›^ › › › › › › œ› ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ” ™^ ™› š^ ™› šœ^ ™› œ^ š^ ›^ › › › › œ› ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ” ™^ ™› š^ ™› šœ^ ™› œ^ š^ ›^ › › › › œ› nœ^ ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ” ™^ Λ ™^œ^ ™ œ^ ™ œ^ š^ š^ š›™ œ^ › › › › › › 1 œ› ^ œ ^ œ ^ œ ” ›^ ^ ™ ™ ™ ™ ^ š ^ š š ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “’^” “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ ” “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “’ h “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “’^“^ ’ “^ ’ ” “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “^ ’ “’ “^ — ˜^ — ˜—^˜^ — ˜^ — ” ˜— •^–^ • –^ • –• ˜^ n — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ” ˜— •^–^ • –^ • –• ˜^ 2 — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ” ˜— •^–^ • –^ • –• ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ” ˜— •^–^ • –^ • –• ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ” ˜— •^–^ • –^ • –• ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ” ˜— •^–^ • –^ • –• ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ” ˜— •^–^ • –^ • –• ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ˜^ — ” ˜— •^–^ • –^ • –• ˜^ ”. x. z. [ž:Ÿb ¡£¢¤¡¥¦8§©¨IªZ«3¬+§3­G®x¯£®B°B±`­ ¬+²3³<«3´T¯µ®B°·¶2¸?§V¹`¸T¨Iªº±5»3¼¾½2´T§T¹`¸Eª‡«L¬+§‡¯`¸¿À²‡¯@¬D¹gÁ ¸"­ ªZ«L¬§Z¯`¸¼¤¯µ´T§2¼;¼¾¯`°:ªZ§©Â£ÃjÄg­U§ ±`­U¹r§D¨U¼¤¯`­$§W°:­I²2°·¹r§3­G®€§W¬L¸"ª¸"­Å´°:¼]°x§3¸¨R«3ª3°·±¹`°·¶2¸R§ ¹r±`­?­U§­I¯`°;¬}¬+¯`­I²}§Æǹµ° ÈJ«3ª‡§3­G®€§3¬±`­I¹r§3¬ ¨I¼¾¯`­U§3¬D¹`° È&ªº¯£²®€«‡§L¬}ÉA§2®b¼Ê§8¨Iªº±5»3¼¾½2´T§²‡±`­R¬3°0¬2®€§ÆP²‡¯`¼¾²2¸5¼Ê§3ª¼‡Á §:ËŲ}¯£²2°B®€«V¹r§¹`° È&ªº¯r²+®B°B±µ­Ç¹r§L¬D¹`° Ì3Í Ì«3ª‡§3­G®:¬j±µªº¹`ª‡§L¬LÉa²IÁ §L¬2®=ÆT¹`°:ª‡§H¼¤¯&ÌLªZ¯£²+®B°·±`­e¹r§)¼ZÁ «3­U§2ªBÎ`°x§jÏ`«L³r°·²2¸5¼Ê«‡§&¨<¯`ªH¼‡Á ±`­U¹r§=¨I¼¾¯`­U§)°;­I²+°B¹r§2­G®€§ ¬§)ª‡§2®BªZ±`¸5Ï@¯`­G®8¹£¯`­?¬²L§3¸`еÍÀ²2°xà YZ9^'@#}/%@6<!$!?7zM?7^\_7$!$'T6<!$F$'V-U9B"!$'V.;!$%@.;F$'@!R/3'#37$1)7U!ÇCE.:9;.:'(7CE6IF$7U9:>D->@1L.:6GF$.:M?7$'(Ce'(!R/jF$6<!U!$' ѵÒ.

(188) 

(189)  

(190) 

(191)  

(192)  

(193)   !"

(194) "#" %$ &

(195) 

(196)  '(&

(197) *)+&, -. 

(198) 0/12/43!1657 "&*-" '("&89.

(199) :

(200) ;

(201) < 

(202) = &

(203) >

(204) =?& "

(205) @A&?

(206) <" 

(207) B.DCEF

(208) &(&89.

(209) &

(210) G '06 9

(211) @ &&H&

(212) ; .0" 

(213) .?.0

(214)  

(215) . IKJL 

(216) M

(217) @NJO 

(218) @ 2P "

(219) QST R  2PH

(220) @

(221) M

(222) &&

(223) 

(224) UNJO 

(225) G 

(226) F

(227) VQ T 

(228) &W&*

(229) & GX R Y Q T:Z\[^]`_ Q T. )a/1/43. b

(230) ]. Y cfg e E7

(231) !h'i"% 9. j '*k 

(232) 0

(233) F

(234) 1ml:

(235) !

(236) &nEKH-" " &

(237) Eo?

(238)  "

(239)  p89.

(240) d 

(241) q`6" &S

(242) srt .\" 

(243) .K1=u>&

(244) s ?

(245) ^B

(246) v " p` 

(247)  p

(248) ( 

(249) h 2P "  1 u>w

(250)  ? %$

(251) Ex

(252) &&

(253) V

(254) h 2&

(255) w. &"&W

(256) *NJO" ?

(257) -&

(258) * &

(259)  2P"

(260) FG 

(261) 1K57 

(262)  %$

(263)  %$

(264) y

(265) v

(266) 0

(267) !z( B "0?

(268) W 2P &p  a.

(269) v

(270) ^89.

(271) ynJL{?

(272) &&

(273) q

(274) |6}~ €&!‚ƒW„Sƒ% }†% bƒ‡ˆ‰15Š‹+'*. & *'0 $ "'Œ&89.

(275) I

(276) @

(277) @ k &H'0

(278) :

(279) <&'( &

(280) $ >

(281) @" -h'0S .DŽ &"

(282) E&

(283)  

(284) "#" %$ &

(285) M '(&@6

(286) .?

(287) FU JO

(288) !CD &'(

(289) M. h‹+'(

(290) UKJO. \„S†!ƒ!€&~%|F|ƒ!‚ƒ!‘’ „Sƒ“”‡• €&ƒ!–2—Œ˜q8S.?ŠJL" V™Ošo

(291)  Ex/b›œ ž X Ÿ  Y¢¡ £¥¤. Ÿ³ Y´¡ £tµ. £¦%§©¨«ªb¬ TB­9® ¬!¯° _. £¦%§©¨«ªb¬ T!¶?® b¬ ¨«¯ S­ · °2°. )a/1²±3. _. )a/1«¸F3. Ÿ 

(292) qŸ³U "-Fq

(293) 6

(294) !2

(295) '(

(296) Fv&

(297) W %$'(¹M"# " %$ G

(298) !s '(&1”l:$  . º

(299)  £ £. S

(300) z( 

(301) F ¤

(302) ! µ 

(303) ?»\. ¼ 

(304) ½  !"w"#" %$ ¾.¼ '0q  ?"E;

(305) W&

(306)  k &H'0

(307) (

(308) " 

(309) B.SCj  

(310) s " " '(

(311) F*y "

(312) '0

(313)

(314)  S

(315) z( 

(316) F*6. ¾&

(317) ¾ 

(318) . ?&?" " 1M57{" 6 

(319) ¿{

(320) 

(321) À89.

(322) a&»

(323) ay.?´ k H '(

(324) À?z( &

(325) 1”u=´

(326) 

(327)  E;NJO

(328) z( B " 

(329) (  !½KJL.?¿ 

(330) 0  "(

(331) ( " 6

(332) ?j¾

(333) .?&

(334) '(

(335) F¾

(336) (^"&S

(337) Á'0&U" -&

(338) '0

(339) 9 

(340) ½NJO& ?&

(341) w?.»"

(342) .KE@

(343) À\& &Â

(344) ÃnJL 

(345) ½& &

(346) F

(347) E;

(348) ! 157\".?º

(349) Ã 

(350)  k &H'0

(351) s?

(352) v6

(353) .DÁ JO

(354) 

(355) .

(356) 0

(357) s‹ÄÅÆ

(358) ©C? 

(359) v89.KJO

(360) Æ"2 9Á

(361) h"8S.   h

(362) WÇyŒCSÈI

(363)  <&

(364) @k &&=

(365) U'0S " & h9. '0"8S.?

(366) 1Dšo. I"? 

(367) ¾

(368) !

(369) 89.

(370) aKES

(371)  '*k 

(372) . 

(373)  '0"!$ S

(374) s

(375) w B & .?" 

(376) !'- "&89.

(377) `Fq"!"w'(&

(378) q.º6&F`™LšŠ

(379) 2BE/B›œ?I5xD

(380) !È:

(381)

(382) ! šo6b6Eo/b››FɌžÄ1Kl:

(383) '("$?D

(384) 

(385) "a&

(386) 9

(387) 

(388) F

(389) &

(390) '(

(391) F

(392) `'("$ D?

(393) F" -

(394) M

(395) 

(396)  //.

(397)  

(398)     

(399)  "!

(400) # %$'&)(+*%,%-/.102 

(401) 34 5 6 

(402) 7%% 

(403) 98+ 6:

(404) # <; 6 

(405) 38 5 

(406)  8%8 :=#>

(407) ?7+ %:5@A %:5@B CD

(408) ? E8"D

(409) F  G

(410) # "%: @IHJ+K 4 8+6 :8  :#

(411) .MLN

(412) 

(413) #+ 8 O1  C%P Q8  

(414) R;34 ## S UT<:6V  D.02 

(415) W4 5 6 

(416) R   X 

(417) '8 + :

(418)  XW;3  

(419) W8 5 

(420)  Y8"D8:6'Z[ "%:8 +:O\O:

(421) 3

(422) O6 

(423)  \8+4OC%%

(424) #+].1^'%#_8 

(425) K`a8b$[c?4   d45 CD e 6 f +: 9gX: Y+:

(426) 3%+

(427) 9O

(428)   h?

(429) :i

(430) jO[+

(431)  $kl%mO[+:

(432) FH/%8 <  d4

(433) # e iTh:5V5# gX: <O1+:6=cYgX:C%3 6 h

(434) # 

(435) 9

(436) :lD

(437) . n1op. qmrts%u%vDwPxy]xzN{w}|~v€yi‚ƒs6x„P{ |_v?‚ƒ{ |~yNvG|_v †P{~‡Cr"zNvDr\ˆK‰EŠŒ‹Ž. ~0 h   C% =  f +:#  $X%OO[   7% 4 S4   #7+%: :

(438)    

(439) M%  

(440) ‘8+: ` O 

(441) 9+:E  ’=“‘”i•e$k

(442) #3:6 4   h>

(443) %7+  :5

(444) # m C%6

(445)  h8%8 :  8 D` FD7+ gX: M 6 

(446) W

(447)  %:5@G—–<6+OO]$&"(˜%*6™%G+CD%š ‘›<)! + ]$5&)(+*6&%™G+%%œž_Ÿ% ¡$&)(+(¢£-¤. “S # 34 5 6 8 +

(448) 

(449) # m;e @5O#4 ¥ 98lC%4O€;¤jX# :6‘ :F

(450) # "%:Œ

(451) #+:

(452) MhHJ+# 9 ]j—+ 

(453) 8+:6O 

(454) m

(455)  UO#+OC%7% "%m

(456) # %¦¤j§£@6 Y 6 

(457) m¨E©JV%+3ª7+: Œ&%.&£«¬.]­9+:

(458) <cFO6

(459) # %

(460) 8_ C%

(461) < 8"%

(462) P

(463) #4O M j:4

(464)  %:F% %# ¥6+%7+6 gX: =O1%:W: 9+  ®O% =8   =O[+%

(465)  ¯®° .502 ®

(466)  %:? %SO%P  ªC6+UO1 5 gX: %$+hO[ #V S cDV% 9O[ :5S

(467) #   8+4O[+

(468)   E

(469)   m 6 f +:6 ]± ²#³£´¶µ1·P¸º¹D»¼². »½l¾ »)¿'À Á. ©K&%.,X«. • bj—  :~ :Y

(470)  %:]$% S6+#>4 S  =‘ 8l€©/+:d%>4 M  f  gX: l« O[ # W ]j—8## I  38l%OE 8gX: <

(471) +:

(472) ®eHJ+4 m ]j—: <

(473)   <  f +:# M7+6D

(474) # 4 Ã¥ ĜžMŸ% ¡$]&"(˜+˜t-D± ». Å®Æ ¸ ¹ »ÈÇ ´/É·. ½l¾lÊÌËKͬΠ»)¿WÏÐÀ Ñ. ©K&%.Ì¢+«. 0

(475) 38%O[+

(476) DX 

(477)  :Ò8lC%4OiÓÔ

(478) # e4 # m

(479) #+:

(480) : eHJ+# %CD+7+:6 %.[^_+:6 

(481) 3%

(482) +6

(483)  <8+445   <8"%8:¤$6+:6

(484) 9 

(485) ®8 V++

(486) ®

(487) #+:

(488) 9ceHJ+# R± » ½l¾lÊÌË Í Î »)¿WÏÐÀ  ² Ù Ó ¸ÖÕS×Ø Ú Ù D¹ »ÜÛ ´/É· Á À. ©K&%.§Ý« &£Þ.

(489) '&)(+*, -.0/2143 

(490) 

(491)  !#"%$ 57698;: =<?>@ 6BA  8 C4DAFEG6H8IKJ0L MNC4DOGPRQ6H88 SKJA OTJ0EG6H8U6H8VIJ0MWSX8VHC4DX8 OYUXZHL Z98 /K[ D\VIC0OY8 OG8 8 J0DA QD6]UZ9S^69DUKJ0DV96_A  6HMNS^C0L 6HEGEY6`UX6_EYJbacC4L MN6  edgf < EG6H8FZ9PhQJA%OGC4D8;U6jikJglhm6HEYEn89opZ9VHL#OGq469DAnr s *  s  u0v s Ks t

(492) % #wxFy0z. -.0/!{3. s ;x y u0v 

(493) *z s. -.0/!|3. s ;x y 0v  st [ DL 69MWSXETJ0€HJ0DA ‡ *ˆ  ‡ *Š‰ ‹ Œ<. -.4/}.'~3 ,

(494)  -.4/!43 < -.4/p‚3 6BA -.4/!143 UKJ0DX8ƒEG6H8„Z9PhQJA%OGC4D8„U6 ikJglhm6HEGE < 6BA†69DS?C48 J0DA OYE^qhOG6HDAnr. s Ž>   s    ‡ * ˆ    ‡

(495)   g‘g :  z. -.4/}.4.’3. s:  ‡ s

(496) >@ z. -.4/}.’“43. -.4/}.'•3  ‡ *ˆ :  ”   ‡

(497) ,  –—Dg˜#6HVBA%6HL -e.4/G.™•3 UKJ0D8 -e.4/G.0.’3 S^69L MN69A;Ušo›ZHEGOYMNOYD69L  / 5)o›ZHPRQKJA OYC4D -.0/G.4.'3 U69qhOY69DAœJEYC4L#8šr  s Ž>   ‡ * ˆ’ :  ‡ , -.4/}.™žR3 s ‡

(498) 

(499)   g‘g :  57698ŸZ9PhQJA%OGC4D8 SL Z9VHZHUX6HDA%698F8 6¡L ZHUXQOY8#6HDAFJ0EGC4L 8 J0QW8#¢h8#A £HMN6œUšo›ZHPRQKJgA%OYC0D8ŸV9C4QSEGZH6H8 -.4/}.’“43 6BA -.4/}.™žR3 PhQX6jDC0Q8;S^C4Q=q4C4D8;Z9VHL OGL 6]8 C0Q8FacC4L MN6¤M¥JgA%L OGVHOG6HEYEG6¦r .'•.

(500) .                   "! 

(501)     #%$'&)(+*',

(502) -.,

(503) &0/

(504) 132

(505) ,5476847/:9-;,=<,>3/?4@,=-.,/@/@A@,B4DC>E4?*F(HGICAD-;,J2C-.<)(K2/@,ML N)O NQP O  R O  3S ([ZK,

(506) 2. T7UVWU XY.  ]  \ ^BO _a` ! T7UVWU[b0Y `dcEe 4D$'f&E,g*'("-(h/:A@$i2

(507) , c ,kjml5<E*i$i/@n cEe 2A@$WZK(+&o/p*'("<,A@-.$i/D/:$iZq$W/ e A@,

(508) *'(+/:$WZ,+1M2Krs,

(509) 47/t c $iA@,u>3&E, -(h/:A@$i2

(510) , c C&0/.*vr e * e -;,&0/kwyx ,

(511) 47/.*F("2

(512) CK-;<|C4:(+&o/@, c ,}#)C>EAD$',

(513) AH~D'€+ AD,

(514) <EA e 4@,&0/:,k*F("-;(+/:AD$'2

(515) , $ c ,&0/:$i/ e 1‚,/ \ ^ ,

(516) 47/g>E&E,ƒ-S zq(+{ /@A@$i2

(517) , c $F(+fC&)(K*i, c (K&E4;*F(K„o>E,*'*i,k* r e * e -;V ,&o /"wy† † Z+(K>8/† \}‡ ˆ‰("A e 4DC*'>8/:$'CK& c ,g*vr e „o>)(+/@$'C& c $iŠ e A@,&0/:$',*'*i, Gy(K$i/H$'&0/:,ADZ,&E$'A‹*i,

(518) 4HZ+(K*i,

(519) >ES AD4H{ <EA@CK<EA@,4.,/p*',4 V Z,2/:,>EA@4Œ<EA@C<3A@,

(520) 4 c ,;*F(g-(h/:A@$i2

(521) ,; (K&34Œ2

(522) T7,UK4ŒViU 2XKCY & c $W/:$'CK&E4

(523) 1*i,

(524) 4=‘)(KAD-;C&3$'„o>E,

(525) 4=4@<E(+/:$'(K*',4 4D,  -;,/@/@,

(526) &0/?4@C>34’*'(ŒGICA@-., c rs>E&E,54@C-.-.V, Ž c r“CK& c ,

(527) 4?4D,”<EADC<)(KfK,•(K&0/?*',B*iC&Ef c , P L w P  –  —œ ž)— Ÿ €q¡7¢¤£ ¥ —©Ÿ ¡7¢ª£ ¥« €q¬­ª® ! M¦¨§.  { %— ˜™š h› T7UVWU ¯Y ˆ‰,4 — 4DC&0/’*i,

(528) 4 e * e -.,

(529) &0/@4 c ,”*'(H-(+/@A@$i2

(530) ,5° c ,

(531) 4mZ,2/:,>EA@4’<EA@CK<EA@,4 c ,” /±(K& c $'4?„o>E,5*',4 ² — 4@CK&o/?š *i,

(532) +4 › A:(K2$'&E,4³2•(KADA e ,

(533) 4?<CK4@$i/@$iZK,

(534) 4 c ,B4@,

(535) 4³Z+(K*i,

(536) >EAD4³<EADC<EA@,4 ˆ´,4³‘)(KAD-;C&3$'„o>E,

(537) 4©4@<)(+/@$F(K*i,

(538) 4? 4@, cEec >E$'4D,

(539) &0/ c ,5*vr e „o>)(+/@$'C&g<EA e 2 e

(540) c ,&o/@,Œ,&kGy(K$i4:(K&0/?$i&o/@,

(541) A7Z,

(542) &3$'AmV *F(‹AD,

(543) *F(h/:$'CK& ,/4

(544) r e 2

(545) AD$iZK,

(546) &0/  T7UVWU µY w P  –  —?œ _ ž)—©Ÿ €q¡D¢v£ ¥ — Ÿ ¡7¢ª£ ¥ « €q¬­ ® ! ¦¨§.  { —M˜™K¶ +› T7UVWU[·0Y ˆ‰,4 — 4@CK&o/¸(+*'CAD4M*',4 e * e -;,&0/:4 c ,m*F(J-;(+/@A@$'2,?¹  °»ºRC¼;½¾,

(547) 4D/¸>E&3,m-(+/@A@$i2

(548) , c $'(KfC&E(K*', ¶ h› c C&0/?*',4 e * e -;,&0/:4?4@C&0/*',4³Z+(K*',>EA@4m<EADC<EAD,

(549) 4 ˆ‰,4‚2

(550) Cq,¿.2

(551) $i,

(552) &0/:4 ž)— ,/ — 4DC&0/ cEe /@,

(553) AD-;$i& V e 4‚tJ<E(KAD/@$'A c ,

(554) 4À2

(555) C& c $i/@$'C&E4%(K>8ÁH*'$'-.$i/@,

(556) 4‰,

(557) & e f0(K*F(+&o/ § U•Â.

(558) 

(559)  

(560) !"#%$ &' (!#$)%*' +,-  $/.0/&1

(561) (234&

(562) 5634""+!7'89

(563) 1:; !( <>=," ?#$<$:""+ @ !A*@B

(564) DCE FG" H"IJLK$/.MLN$"+F POQSR%T@+@"!LB( %1:U *"V'"+WX ZY. 2323. a b@ced. [\^]`_. ]. fgh i. 7. fjkml/no pHqHr. 563X5 3. a b@c. [wx]F_. fgIgh i d. N  „. ]€. f/ ~. f/~ gh g‚gIƒxi. ]. _. tSuv. ]. fjkml nopyq }. sIt. 7{z | sIt r. v. 7 f%~ gh gIgIƒ. 

(565) : $†N(<‡N ")ˆW‰

(566) !&%<Š. }. „Œ‹. I

(567)  BŽ :+"+<`$ N%"7. !  :)’^C{ ;”“ "$ ‡ ‡+‡  "+/ <$>:BM: " “-

(568) e%$

(569) !"#$ ‘. #$J (  

(570) † :!T+•*

(571) •,C{ ;7. „. C–+—( "+“- :( ( $.  Œ+$ "U (* ;7. ˜H™š. ›œ&mž*Ÿ¡ ¡Ÿœ&¢¤£Q¥ ‚”¦‡§¨ª©¬«Z­J® 6 ¯;Ÿ^° ZœŸ6®±³²`´. $·NŒV!""+UW`

(572) !&%VŠ ‘. „Œ‹. }. ¥œ`µ•9œ+¯;ŸI¶¥ ›. * U Œ J W"P¸U¹'7%ºG ŒU;. ¸V»Ž)%$"  : * $J $( "!!U $$: WL LWF"W. 7 sIt. BY. ¾ 3 ~ ¿  ¾yÀ. _ ~. 7{z. 3 ~ Á f j. t½¼v. ¿. sIt. t½v. SN . Á. _ÄÍÅ^Æ . Ã†Ç l Æ. 7{zz. VÈÊÉ/Ë&Ì sIt. v. »¤  $"+$+ :;)QÍ"!$>e  ·“ $eP  : F!!(!N e

(573)  "!  $( ¸U¹'7/ºÎC–$G *"+;)"+!+$N " U“H $$  $ :&;)ZCE $ "+L *"+;) DC–!$‰4"!+; $%.Ï :! #$(С ‡  * "Ñ"M<+ “!$ :!"+#$<Ò./+ . t½¼.

(574) 

(575)   "!$#$%'&)(+*,-*/.102435768:9;102<5=/>?A@8BC*$/B?3502D5<;=&)EFGD55:9H*IBJK=L. B-02D;

(576) 2NMOD5N=.A.@1/.P35NQH02D51/R6802"

(577) 2S2"B7="B1>?"B79T02D5A68B-*;.A602>?9T02.-*"B1.P35D 6CUH*>?989T02=V*.1*$B-/02WYX.  (Z BK[ *S2S"*;." 2\ % &]EF^*D;B11)9H*IBJ_=8.`ba;9T0258"B-8==/.c951@8.1"B1.. 3H*5.R=/.A18=V*$B102;.edI&/_!fg8BhdI&/ i2fg02"BA=025S$B->?95.R9T02.1@e3;.P95102<;=>?.gD;>j@81MOD58.RB-18. >?9k0BC*$OB1.&HKl mn BJo=01.1MOD5p=8.Y680q r?68"B-.s358. baq9k02;"B-/==/.Y358

(578) /558"BsB-.tS-*53;. B B-.L9T8B-B-.udv6FG.IBYwx35;8A95-*$B1MOD5$59k0D5y358.L1@.J*DaA@9H*$.L8BCz$02DR9T02D5yD;PS-*53R;02>x<5 3{FG02135. 35|QH02D5-f H=/.t680q3;.sOD5>?@MOD5. .1x8B1102D;

(579) "BW6802;}v10OB1@.Ww?=V*?951@8.1;6|35~B-18. S2-*$535.502>x<;1.350OBj=€B1-*B-8>j8OB?*,=05SB-8>j9;.|60253;D5/Bjw,35.?5.IBC*<;=B-@8.OD5>?@1/MOD5.8&  02D;c=/K95=D;.cS-*53u>j*=U;D5Z358.`OD5>?@68;.J68.c35Dqa~1*.025.Z.8F *>?95=//‚o*/"BZ='F^D5;) Bc=ƒF^*D;B-& EFGD55|9H*IBJk=V*€60OB-*>?H*$B102POD5>?@1/MOD5|35D5*Dae aq9T0258OB18==8.W*S2S-*J

(580) $*/B =8.W95102<;=>?. 356802"

(581) 281S2856358.s.1@818.s35Qo0D51/Y8BJT3{F^*D;B11x9H*$BJT=V*?>g*$D;

(582) $*.p6802"

(583) 2S2;6|358.s.1@818. 35sQH02D;18„;@68.1./BC*$/By3;t1 B-85„D5R502>x<;1t@8=

(584) 2@s3{FG023518. MOD5{*$>j95=//‚o*$/B†=V*~602"B-*>j/H*$B102 35.Lbaq9k02;"B-/==/.8&5 0D5.*==/025.)>g*$"B-8H*"BL35@ BC*/==8„6802>?>j8OBy6.L3;Dqa€95102<;=>?. 02"B95D ‡ B11u1@8.102=/D5.& ˆ‰‹Š‰ˆ. Œ)_ŽT_-‘’;-Žk“p”5C•• –-‘1—vC•W”5t˜{O™‘1—vC‘ -Žgš›_œž]‘1—•-;Ÿ'—v_ŽN ¢¡. (+8.€9502<5=8>j8.j3;l602"

(585) 1S568N8£9T02=V*.1*$B-/02YX. 02"B€@8B1@l>?.?¤@8

(586) /35568l358.€=8.. *55@8.| 2!¥e^ Y8

Références

Documents relatifs

La méthode établie par Max Born [1] pour résoudre les problèmes de collisions atomiques est susceptible. d’une généralisation très étendue, basée sur des

Une librairie portant également le nom de CONCHA © a été développée pour le prototypage rapide de codes de calcul et permet la comparaison de différents schémas de

La mesure en polarisation revèle, pour le détecteur 10, une dépendance négative avec la polarisation (le rapport signal sur bruit est ici aussi très faible), en d’autres termes,

Le modèle d’avion choisi pour notre étude est un avion subsonique qu’on a modélisé en modèle poutre (c’est le modèle le plus simple pour le calcul des structures des avions).

UNE MÉTHODE DE CALCUL DES TRAJECTOIRES EN OPTIQUE ÉLECTRONIQUE GÉNÉRALISATION AUX ÉQUATIONS DIFFÉRENTIELLES LINÉAIRES HOMOGÈNES-. Par

configuration du plan réticulaire (hkl) du réseau polaire, agrandie suivant le rapport D~~, le pinceau d’électrons incident étant parallèle à la direction (hkl) du

Différents auteurs se posent la question du choix d'une référence adaptée (voir 171 en particulier). Si l'on revient à la théorie générale du couplage entre les

Afin d’illustrer la n´ecessit´e d’´ecrire sur Σ une condition exacte, nous pr´esentons ci-dessous le mode fondamental dans le demi-domaine (Fig.4.a) obtenu lorsque l’on impose