نقد النقد في الثقافة العربية المعاصرة دراسة نقدية في مشروع محمد لطفي اليوسفي

Texte intégral

(1)@ @

(2) @ @ @@@ @! @ @@+) *@( '"@# $@% & @@ *.4@ * @2@!3

(3) @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1 20 @-./@ , @@. @< : ;@ * @5 67@8@6+@69 @@= @@A@>@? %@8@69@=. @* @-.G@20@8@E @F ,.@&.@D +@%6%@C B @@. @< ,@M =G@L KI@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@<J A0 @.HI. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ *. *@J A@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@N=@H O@@@@@@@ @@<

(4) +;@+ @@R3 . @@+) *@% &. @@ Q >@M =B. @@ H@H@P.. @@R 6%@R5 %. @@+) *@% &. @@ @! @M =B. @@ *. *@J A@P.@PB. @@R

(5) +%@R 'H. @@+) *@% &. @@ @! @M =B @@S=@T*@U @H@P.@PB. @@R

(6) +%@R 'H. @@V V=@% &. @@ @! @M =B @@ * *@O *@P.@PB. @@R

(7) +%@R 'H @@W XB@U =@% & @@ Q >@M =B. @@E , @ =@P.. @@R

(8) +%@R 'H. @@Y %@Z*@P.. @@ @% &. @@ Q >@M =B. 2014@[2013@< % @+3 .

(9)

(10) @Zöa‡èg @báéÝ›Ñi@ a Ša‹Ôg@ Lµº‹ÙÜa@ ñ č ‡Üaì@¶g@ÞáÉÜa@ a‰è@ ñ‡èc@@@@@@ @ @NbáéÝïá§@bäbånàaì@bäbÐ‹Èì @ñ‡èc@ Lëa‹Ø‰Ü@ b Ôí’ì@ a öbÐì@ Lò‹èb+,Üa@ ðčáÈ@ ìŠ@ ¶g@@@@@@ @ @N‹č‚dm@çbØ@b¾@Ša‡Ôÿa@ênjčïÌ@Ćçc@ýíÜì@NÞáÉÜa@a‰è @ @@@@@Na †‹Ð@a†‹Ð@"ðåÍÜa@‡jÈ"@ðčáÈ@ò‹c@¶g@@@@@@ @â G È†ì@ G ïÑ¥@æà@ oÜ‰i@ bà@‹ïÅä@LóÝšbÑÜa@ðnuìŒ@¶gì@@@@@@ @báÜñ@ "ô¾"@ óáMéÝN¾a@ ¶gì@ NçíÈì@ ‡ Ş å@ æà@ oàč‡Ô@ bàì @ @N‹qc@æà@oØ‹m @âè†íuì@ôÝÈ@a@‹Ù’c@æîč‰Üa@öbÔ‡–ÿaì@òí‚fia@¶gì@@@@@@ @|iaŠ@ Lñ†ačíu@ ‘bïÜg@ LÀ‹’@ æîč‡Üa@ ÷@ Zðmbïy@ À @†báÈ@LŠbÐ@ðäbvïčnÜa@Lñ‡É@‘ŠbÐ@ LpaíÝÈ@ßbáØ@ LÛí+Ýà @À@öþàčÜa@čÞØ@¶gì@Nðà†e@ðï½@L‹ïèb@ßbáØ@LÓŠb’ @ @@Nôå§a@a‰è@ñ‡èc@ò‹îíjÜaì@‘a‹èc@×í@ðnÉàbu @@ @@@@@@.

(11) @@. W‫ ون‬ . ً ‫ وز! ن א و وא ون‬#$ '%& @@. @‹Ù“ č Üa@ âïÅÈ@ óÜbiŠ†íi@ kï

(12) Üa@ Zkï

(13) Üa@ ñˆbnc@ ðčåà@ ÚÜ@@@@@@ @óïč áÝÉÜa@ óîbÈč‹Übi@ Û‡čéÉmì@ LÚnÉibnàì@ ÚmŠŒaü¾@ LöbåčrÜa@ ‹Ðaìì @ @NŽsybjÜaì@ŽszjÜa@óÝïÝ§a@óïč äbäýaì @ @ZóåïïžÈ@íic@ßbÔ@báØì @ @æárč Üa@À@a@‡åÈ@‹Ùč“Üa@æà@ôÐìc***óÜåà@‹Ùč“Üa@×íÐ@Ó‹Èc@oåØ@íÜ @ @æy@æà@oïÜìc@bà@Þrà@ôÝÈ@aI ì‰y***óič‰éà@ðjÝÔ@æà@ÚÜ@bén—Ý‚c. @ò†bčÜa@ ¶g@ ðäbånàa@ ÖïáÈì@ ñ‹Ù’@ ˜Üb£@ ãč‡Õmc@ báØ@@@@@@ @a‰è@ òöa‹Õi@ aíàč‹Ùm@ æî‰Üa@ Ló“Ôbå¾a@ óå§@ öb›Èc@ ;æî‹

(14) Ôí¾a @ @Nêjîí—mì@ê÷a‹qhi@aíÝč›Ñmì@LÞáÉÜa. .

(15) @ @óàč‡Õ¾a.

(16) ‫ﻣـﻘــﺪّﻣــﺔ‬ @@. @@ @"# @ @ ! @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

(17) @

(18) @ @ @ @@@@@@ @@ ,-@ ./0@ 123@ +4

(19) @ 5!1@ % @ & '@ @ ()* @ +

(20) @ # $

(21) @B

(22) C@A@($> @(?

(23) @@

(24) @<= * @ !1@ @ ;:"+@-

(25) @678- 9 @'7)JK@ E@@G @'/ @H#I@DEF"# @'70@? "# @@P' $Q @O/"N@@OLM

(26) @ ! @C"

(27) @ ! @+L

(28) @

(29) @A@

(30) @

(31) @T@S

(32) @7* @($R

(33) @@@@@@ @UY@ZH"

(34) @@2RM

(35) @X@W 7&:@(V;

(36) @5!1@UEK@+

(37) @+Q

(38) @T"@S

(39) @B & T@-E7@ [/"* @ $4

(40) @5!1@."# @ 1@@P' <= @

(41) @(2H @TJC@+

(42) @+Q

(43) @@_ V: @1@^-

(44) @@]O7;

(45) @T@\/47#@(+0 @T=1 @ cC@ %0I@ @ 1<= b @ ?a@ A@ T"

(46) ?H@ T'K@ `7M;' @ !1@^T @$J'@S

(47) @+

(48) @+M;

(49) @+Z

(50) @DEF"# @)$@T'<7GM7 @@@PG@"7* @I@

(51) @G@@"7&H'@d/@e/J7#@@1@#$&* @@_4

(52) @[+@gLM"# @cC;

(53) @

(54) ?H&/

(55) @,a@

(56) @

(57) @ fF'@`

(58) !@. @. @S

(59) @lmk* @@DEj @A@ [3

(60) @@%)h @@

(61) @

(62) @@ @BiG0@A @TH;G@T0 @A@+

(63) @"M

(64) @O'@ p I@q @`

(65) f@o-I@:@ P

(66) @T7@n[F"+ @T;a@t @T'EML@T:mk@c7FL'@q @,7#@T'7

(67) s@cC ;"'@T/rH' (‫)أ‬.

(68) ‫ﻣـﻘــﺪّﻣــﺔ‬. @vL@A@ , &1H@

(69) @G@e[J+@ 1@@ PT

(70) u'@ \a @?E0 @ ! @T 1 @'EML@y@@ @xj @UC+@ %:9 @d/@I@)* @

(71) @

(72) @%) w+ @@P'mI @)$@d/@yT +@1@ ^

(73) @%|@,t['$ @ { @R I@@z

(74) @Gz@. @. @@ G} @ T'7['@ * @ cC ;'@ TM7M;'@ +

(75) @ O: * @ oZ

(76) @yT '@ @ W7

(77) @ T@ 7/@ P7=T @ %r @ X V: @ MI@ &$@ ~1 * @ o0 @@ ,a@ , "@@

(78) @_j @@!F"'@ &G @ 7 } @DJ

(79) @

(80) ?H@ d/ @@P'T0 @H#I@`7M;'@l "# @'+QG@=1 @0 @d/@' @OL"M+@

(81) @G@@;#7

(82) @;

(83) @&@@@_V+@f @Y[

(84) @@@@@@ @T@P&1$MG @M8@@ ,<7@ ? R"# @_$="

(85) @@ B /7/:@ B /:@7@ @%ML'@TGI @ LG@ ,QG@)* @

(86) @@

(87) @TL* @A@ T"GM@1$4Y@ @ W @Ks@ , @ TJ7J@ ' ="H@ ' $"@ d '@ -9 @ v }@ T @ @ A @T 77@ @ E , 4@ 7=T * @ '@ ' $7K@ )$@

(88) @ +4@ + /

(89) @@PT'C/J@T&71;@T"

(90) @1+@T'7=7' V# @T' -9 @+Q

(91) @* @($@& T@ m@! @'@d/@;#7

(92) @!KI@:@@@@@@ @@OLM

(93) @%0I@ @T'K@ `7M;'@

(94) @ 7

(95) @ YH

(96) @ A@ =r

(97) @+

(98) @e&+@ P+Q

(99) @ 5!1@ T ["H'@ T @ $J'@ S

(100) @ 7;H/;

(101) @ +M;

(102) @ lHG9 @+Q

(103) @(? :@q @ @ ]1@ ]H:@gJ +@@!

(104) @@

(105) @L@UEK@@;#7

(106) (‫)ب‬.

(107) ‫ﻣـﻘــﺪّﻣــﺔ‬. @0 K @

(108) @

(109) @%7)u'@

(110) @q @T"

(111) ?H@TR+Y@T8:@7

(112) @+

(113) @@PTH;G@

(114) @

(115) @+="@ @;#7

(116) @QG@A@`

(117) f@ M+@@T7@\:@S

(118) @lmk* @ @@@7

(119) @z

(120) @Gz@@d&H+@@&a@x$ '@S

(121) @ ?

(122) @I@# $

(123) @ @@@@@@ @M"'@+G@$@ ? :@TG @$@ @ 7* @I@+M;

(124) @GJh @I@#

(125) @, L@ , M@ ? :@ M'@ 9@ T/1w'@ 7&/@ +M@ 70@ #@ d/ @@ %@ I@ M8@ @ @ 7

(126) @ P($4

(127) @ 7h @ $M"Y @ @ T M@ I@ @@P

(128) @d/@,7

(129) "@,*"@,+G@,K@

(130) @G@_K @;

(131) @&@ @z

(132) @Gz@vL@7&1I@ 9@oKI@ B T0@@B T0@@ !1@@@@@@ @

(133) @ m9@ 7:-@ c 7FL"

(134) @ "I@ &7@ (-0@ ,

(135) @ G @ @ d'u"'@ ;#7

(136) @'M @m="

(137) @ ,:@

(138) @ !1@\-@A@ TH'@ U /Y@- @

(139) @ @@

(140) @# $

(141) @5!1@7L@# w+@@1@123@+4

(142) @5!1@P:mk@@@xj @

(143) @Gz@ @1 &#@S

(144) @ "Yt9@ ,a@e[J"

(145) @.@ (,M@.G @ S

(146) @z;#7

(147) @ ;

(148) @ &@ vL@ A@ +G@ # $-@ ()* @ 7

(149) @ R

(150) @ A @T=1 @d/@g:

(151) @ %0I@@ 5 @

(152) @G@@$ 3I@ #@q @e&'@S

(153) @7@ A@TY@ o@7:@T'C/J@T&71;@cC;'@T'<7GM7 @@PTH;G@d/@":@:@.G @ @G@5 #@ -@va* @ !@G$7"K @? $@.G @S

(154) @_[#9 @@ ]2R @@. @. @;#7

(155) @;

(156) @&@vL@A@+G@# $-@()* @7

(157) @R

(158) @A@

(159) (‫)ت‬.

(160) ‫ﻣـﻘــﺪّﻣــﺔ‬. @U9 @ H

(161) @ &a@ x$ +@ a@ 1@ @ T @ ' f@ 1@ @ _[#9 @ 5!1@ @@0"

(162) @I@$7"

(163) @ !1@ / L+@e[)I@*@z

(164) @Gz@UY@# $-@m @A@[3

(165) @T& 1I@&@7a* @iG @/ "+@&7@ I@PB 7& 1I@@@dQ@@B GM @/"* @ # $

(166) @ /

(167) @ ,QG@ `7M;"

(168) @ # $

(169) @ z

(170) @ Gz@ (1@ U '@

(171) @ B # $-@ I@ E{ @ A@ L '@ B @ %M@ A@ 1$J @ va* @ !T @S

(172) @ ;

(173) w* @ i"M

(174) @ @ B /7/:@ B /:@ q @ , a @ P7"/* @ A@ '@ B EK @@P5 #@ -@%h @ !@cJ @, "@ ,

(175) Y@%R@TG@;#7

(176) @;

(177) @&@ " @VK @:@. @ f @@@@@@ @

(178) @G@U=@O@S

(179) @#["

(180) @y@7/@d/@H'@p I@M8@(,m$ @T'$a@ T"7L@ iH"M'@ 7

(181) ; @ z

(182) @ Gz@ %u"@ e&H'@ W@ TG9 @gE"K @ d/@ &r

(183) @ +

(184) @ j @ +Q

(185) @ @ B +@ -0@ @5!1@@ B +QG@ % @ j @5!1@@ _ B K@ % @ v$J"

(186) @&$@$"

(187) @@!

(188) @ &4

(189) @1@

(190) @G@ M+@ 1@@ ,7rTG@ ,$ "# @g'@@+Q

(191) @G@@I@eH;+@& @* @xf&

(192) @U * @(-7#@i

(193)

(194) @&@ -@U @`C@d/@+

(195) @j @+Q

(196) @5!1@~r"G@@\a

(197) @U=* @

(198) @@PT 7@@TR3@*@+

(199) @

(200) ?H&/

(201) @T4K @

(202) @# $

(203) @+

(204) @;#7

(205) @" @U "G@ I@ +u'$ @* @5!1@@ ,:EG @@@@@@ @&MC"* @ 1? $@

(206) @ 7;/j @ gLM"# @ T'

(207) @ 5 M"#@ `7M;"

(208) (‫)ث‬.

(209) ‫ﻣـﻘــﺪّﻣــﺔ‬. @+M;

(210) @ lHG9 @ @

(211) @ _j @ 6@ n

(212) @ UEK@ @ `

(213) f@ % @ T )@ A @(?

(214) @5!1@PT70'@d/@%&'@;74'@A@ '@5tw'@S

(215) @7* @1@ Ta@ I@ $["@ z

(216) @ Gz@ &a@ 1$@ x$ '@ T@ 7

(217) @ @ G@ S

(218) @@P+$ h @(?

(219) @

(220) ?H* @`7M;"/

(221) @4 @J C;'@@

(222) @_j @%ML'@.C[)I@z

(223) @Gz@?

(224) @.@@4 '@S

(225) @# $

(226) @ I@@3

(227) @d/@@@@@@ @T @ "@ +G@ K@ U "'@ 1@ ()* @ 7

(228) @ R

(229) @ A@ (,m$@ (,1 @g+@ @ %h @ !1@ I@ @ 123@ -9 @ `

(230) ! @ ¡+

(231) @ ;H/;

(232) @ @M;

(233) @@P@['* @+4/

(234) @#w'@

(235) @Q '@# $@d/@$R

(236) @ M8@ G£@ z-9 @

(237) @Gz@d/@ ,[J @ &"1 @ U¢@ @ f @@@@@@ @z

(238) @ G@ A@&1Hz@ %R@ @ z

(239) @ Gz@ @ .#$@ S

(240) @ # $

(241) @ @ -B @+

(242) @ ~1 * @ ?a@ d/@ -9 @ _j @ %7/z@ &7/#@ %7[

(243) @ z/R* @ ¤* z @

(244) @ $Q @ @ @-H

(245) @ c

(246) @ 7 z@ <@ &@

(247) @ z

(248) @ G@ A@ # $-@ R+h @

(249) @ z+h @

(250) @

(251) @ A@ ~T * @ @ C[

(252) z@ _" @ G &h @ 7¥@

(253) @ z-9 @5!1@ P123@ (-¥ @ <+<

(254) @ [@

(255) @ z> @ + * z@ _" @ @ C[

(256) @ 7# @23@ P+G@ B $@ B # $

(257) @ '@UEK@@

(258) @G@.#$@:@ ,7¦@# $

(259) @`7M;"

(260) @ z

(261) @ Gz@ # $-@ oY @ U '@ 1@ @ 7

(262) @ "# $-@ @ '@ @ I @z

(263) @G@Gz@@d&H+@ I@M8@@&a@x$ '@ "# $-@ I@d §@# $

(264) @v

(265) @ !@ %R@ S

(266) @ _$="

(267) @ mI@ %

(268) @ PE , 7/:@ U <+@ @ # $

(269) @ @ v

(270) @ !1 ( ‫)ج‬.

(271) ‫ﻣـﻘــﺪّﻣــﺔ‬. @q @T&"1 @.)@S

(272) @

(273) @

(274) @2Q '@

(275) @G@&3

(276) @&@# $@@Pj @Ï@@5 @&@5<77@

(277) @G@_K@%7)u'@

(278) @C/* @/ª#9 @@ ]7R @C[

(279) @ !1@m @d/@+@1@Y[

(280) @©K@

(281) @@@@@@ @# $

(282) @J:I@5 0@# $

(283) @@v

(284) @ !1@ $@@ 4* @ $H;"# @`7M;'@A@j @7 "'@S

(285) @z

(286) @Gz@@7

(287) @g+@e[)I@@.@x$ '@S

(288) @@%

(289) @P1? $@

(290) @ $Q * @oZ

(291) @ T'7

(292) s@@OLM

(293) @+

(294) @j @_K@ I@1@1-0@ $@ T"7L@T[HM+@/ª#9 @5!1@(Y@@&+ @&@#9 @.7[R'@%7)u"

(295) @/Y@ B 7@ QG@T0@@m@:@

(296) @G @@«'@H#I@A@¬[

(297) @

(298) )I@J'@q @(-

(299) @d/@[+@@!

(300) @()* @ 7

(301) @R

(302) @ A@1$4Y@ @ (B1Q @e4"+@ !KI@ z

(303) @ Gz@ 9@. @. @z

(304) @Gz@_$@ 9@7

(305) @'@0h @[/"'@@ 2 RM@%:I@0$@`

(306) f@ @ p @, ;:@x"@+G@ ] ? :@1$@1@ R

(307) @@123@A@& @7

(308) @ "@A @7

(309) s@q @U)

(310) @%0I@@ B +G@ B

(311) ?H*@T4@T7/@@@@OLM'@ , 7/u' @d/@g:

(312) @%7[#@A@`

(313) f@% @T7

(314) @%)"'@S

(315) @~r"

(316) @ ! @T=1 @(?

(317) @5!1 @@P)* @

(318) @

(319) @+'@A@(?

(320) @@v

(321) @ !1@T# @o @()* @7

(322) @R

(323) @A@

(324) @Gz@ "# $-@dH'@7

(325) M} @5!1@@ ,:EG @@@@@@ @tY} @q @ @e7'I@@-Y@A@z;#7

(326) @;

(327) @&@vL@A@+G@# $@&@:

(328) @@1@ s@A@(B<7&"@B &Fa@B +G@B @A@7=T * @7

(329) M} ( ‫)ح‬.

(330) ‫ﻣـﻘــﺪّﻣــﺔ‬. @dH'@# $

(331) @5!1@TY'@S

(332) @ZH"

(333) @7

(334) M} @1I@%

(335) @P;#7

(336) @;

(337) @

(338) @ _K@ 6@ VL* @ F"

(339) @ /);

(340) @ -h @ 1@ 1@ T @ 0

(341) @;#7

(342) @ @ \:@ 1@ @ @ «

(343) @ G@ ~T @ 1@ @ «

(344) @ G@ _K @70* @lHG9 @<7GM7* @1@@ «

(345) @G@(2H@A@@

(346) @L @5!1@«vL* @ !1@<7@7)JK@ eE@1@ @@ «vL* @ !1@ tw'@S

(347) @@ ?B@ n7/H'@ T @ 0

(348) @ dH+@ R|@ TY+@ S

(349) @ 7

(350) M} @ 1I@ 1 @@PT[G 0@O "M+@@!

(351) @&

(352) @d/@?4

(353) @I@ C[

(354) @ 7[t@ %

(355) @ ~1 * @ +@ I@ H;G@ ?* @ @ 9 @ 7Y@ A@@@@@@ @@q @&" '@ "# $-@.G @* @T=1 @I@T=T @TH;

(356) @$"@S

(357) @1@# $

(358) @~T * @1@# $

(359) @5!1@5&"'@ ~ T @2K@ £@

(360) @G@G@I@z

(361) @Gz@@g+ @UC"#@TGI@& @R+> @+7 [

(362) @$* @-&" @1 Q

(363) @O)@d/@r

(364) @;)

(365) @H#w* @ +M;

(366) @ 7* @ lHG9 @ @ OLM

(367) @ %0I@ @ `7M;"

(368) @ 7

(369) s@ T/"# @@PT70'@A@MC"'@S

(370) @;#7

(371) @ @@

(372) @_F/

(373) @U9 @Û J@ H¯@q @%&

(374) @ !1@7H'@®@B 7=T @ B 74"*@ , ="# @@@@@@ @$-J*@ B &r:@ B K@ B @ d/@ (,E@ 77['@ 7 ["* @ $9 @ @QG @@'° @C

(375) @d/@`

(376) f@ T@0 @C[

(377) . ( ‫)خ‬.

(378) ‫ﻣـﻘــﺪّﻣــﺔ‬. @@va* @$7"K @ $&@va* @7&1I@@+C/

(379) @1 JJK@:@* @ @U@S

(380) @ZH"

(381) @I@7

(382) M} @@ va* @ !1@.

(383) '@S

(384) @H

(385) @# $

(386) @@PT @i7@ I@va* @ !1 @ @

(387) @G@_K@q @@

(388) @_j @@ @%¥@U9 @%J;

(389) @@@@@@ @7#'@ &T 7@ <77&"

(390) @ &1+@ 7 @ 6T;* @ +!1@ A@ ¬[ /

(391) @ ,JJ N @P6"7=7' V# @ I@ 6"7

(392) ;

(393) @ 6'1@ 6@ VL* @ F"

(394) @ ! @ /);

(395) @ -h @"'@ I@M&* @@S

(396) @-["

(397) @ - @ ! @

(398) "

(399) @:E

(400) @@OLM

(401) @@P&T 7 @

(402) @

(403) @ A@ 7: L"# @ w* @ @ %¥@ @ GR

(404) @ %J;

(405) @ I@@@@@@ @(=1@ U$ @ @

(406) @ %7F"* @ A@ lL

(407) @ ($)@ d/@ g:/

(408) @ ,JJ N@ @A@ ($J

(409) @ 5!1@ #G@ ;#7

(410) @ e4@ @

(411) @ l7H

(412) @ q @ ($J

(413) @ 5!1 @@@P)* @+h @

(414) @@

(415) @_j @O74' @,JJN@ %J;

(416) @ !1@ @ h @ _j @ G@ @ 5G @

(417) R

(418) @ %J;

(419) @@@@@@ @O:* @±E@ @UEK@@67

(420) @

(421) @M;/

(422) @;#7

(423) @G@d/@g:/

(424) @%/

(425) @ ;#7

(426) @ G@ cC@;:R* @@ O:* @ _

(427) @ @ O:* @± "

(428) @ @_j @

(429) @ 5G@ _

(430) @ +M ;* @ @ 7G&/

(431) @ /

(432) @ 7

(433) @ 7GE

(434) @@P¡+

(435) . (‫)د‬.

(436) ‫ﻣـﻘــﺪّﻣــﺔ‬. @ @ )* @ +h @

(437) @

(438) @ lmk@ @ ,#@ \

(439) @ %J;

(440) @ @@@@@@ @(? :@ T"JF @ & @

(441) @ @

(442) @ _j @ mI@ eE@ \@ B +G@ B ;:@ @ (,$[ @ /

(443) @ )* @ +h @

(444) @

(445) @ T'$ @ lmu@ d/@7@ g:

(446) @ ®@ P;#7

(447) @mI@ d/@ g:

(448) @ @ P7

(449) @

(450) @ $ @ @ A@ 71@ +

(451) @

(452) @+h @

(453) @

(454) @_ "3 @3@7/@ ! @71;* @$ @7

(455) M @e/J* @@P)* @_K@A@e/J* @~T * @+4:@@ ² @@7K9 @j @%J;

(456) @I@@@@@@ @;#7

(457) @ @

(458) @G@@`7M;"

(459) @ ]cJ N@ ]%J@1@ P;#7

(460) @ @

(461) @G @)$@ 7r 0} @T' -I@T' K@ ! @T'7

(462) s@T=T @d/@g:

(463) @%0I@ @@P;#7

(464) @vL@A@U " @$ @T7/@S

(465) @C/J* @71;* @G#' @@PC[

(466) @T7

(467) @%)'@S

(468) @~r" /

(469) @,¦@j @.G @@@@@@ @ML

(470) @ $[@d&#u@"+@ I@Y[

(471) @;+@@ HY @%4;

(472) @,G@@@@@@ @R I@ 1@ §@

(473) @ +G@ @!

(474) @

(475) $-@ i7

(476) @ $"

(477) @ f"#

(478) @ " @ +"

(479) @@P(-+m@d Hh @³ @@/@C[

(480) @ !1@d/@g @@2 RM @@. (‫)ذ‬.

(481) @ @Zßčìÿa@Þ—ÑÜa @lb‚@¶g@ñ‡ÕåÜa@lb©a@æà @ @‡ÕčåÜa@‡Õä.

(482) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬ @@. @@ @%&'(@)*+$@,-@@ !@"#$@@@@@ @ @ @

(483) @@@@@@ @&:'<@ (@ =; 27@ & :7@ 9012@ 3/45@ /1@ 6787@ 9.012@ 01.@ / @E/@ CD+'2@A&?$2@@(!@7@A&?$2@ @B'4@@7@9'#(@3&2>7@/;7 @ !@ LM@ J+27@ K012@ 01@ H4<7@ 9I012@ H45@ #G@ &4/F@ E/4< @TFQ

(484) 7@%/;$27@HRS$27@J<0$2@#$P@ E:O@ NG@E/@CD+2@J&? @WNG@/17@X7@BY87@3&2>@7@3(VO@@7@93$27@U&G:O@ @@K &/45@ NG@@93(VO @01.7@ .012.@E/@ 7^@'G'2@70-@0C@#\ @ )]V77@ )&'L@[8:2@\@O Z 7@@@@@@ @NG@%(V@ _H4<@"`27@9&/^@X#(^@%(V@ _H4<@X7^@@-$(/@ .012 @e8@ @ R!@ 0-$@ @ ?$:@

(485) @ bV2@ NG@ c*@ d."/^@ 012.@ I@ =2a2@ H45 @@(‫)٭‬K.012@01.7@.012.@I@E/45@ NG@@0#$+O@gO@Xf @@@@@@@@gO@G@8<k@+-2@ (@h+/@6'+2@ij@0P@@UG@0e@\@Rc*@@@@@@ @ NG@ @ gO@ &2 Q!@ b8@ !@ +*0@ @ NG@ c*@ lVO@ m'(@ @7D( @3#O7@X#(^@ @p`\@0q@@9012@01@H4<7@012@H4<@E/@B2+$27@J<0$2@ @=(h7@9Z'/@E42@0i@Zr o‫٭‬n @st@U@b8@7@901@u>@;C@m'(@/]@J#(@ 2@9&/@X#(@X7$2@J^@@v@w\@x2@012 @|7S$@ 2@012@01@J1e@ !@"#$@)

(486) #(@0q@@#\@K012@01@y'@@L0&2@012@ @X#(^@WNG@z8{@01@JYa @@K012@01@A&27@012@s$<@ @NG7@9&/^@X#(^@Xe@Gu>@}8+@" 2@oI012@H45n@(V (11).

(487) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @NG@ -$(/@ ~012@ 01@ (@ Wi&j7@ 9%@ x2@ %SG@ "/^@ 01'2@ JG@ E/45 @#@6@~%/@5@%SG@%2@ @@}F:7@9"/^@012@%(V@/4<@p<^ @@~&(@3&2k@0#$+7@9R@gGO/@D $ @m'(@ _6D\@ G@ 7@ 9o"/^@ 012n@ iL@H4<@ Xe@ /4<@ 012@ 01@ \@ ZO7@@@@@@ @ (@ 0M@ 2R@ m(0$@ d%$#7@ %Ca@ (@ =; 27@ %$&/@ & :@ 678@ 6D 2 @60@ X+@ @u8C@ J /@ <@ &S&F\@ .& :$2/.@ D7@ /812@ 87 @@(‫) ٭‬Ki\8j@=a7@3/45@& :@w&$:7@8:M@ -27 @x2@"G@ E$&S&F

(488) @E:O@ NG@E/@#YC@G?@x2@3D 2@WNG@@@@@@ @J:2@J#+&@@NG7@9#&/@CD+2@J&?@27@ !@e-2@"+@u7@w\ K%/@u*27@%1&1@m'(@X7^ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@. @[a^@@u8C@@(!@m'(@@0GL@w'#(@u@D`/@y&8$2@m'(@9& :$2@ 8:M@ 60@D`2@U&G:O@WNG@-8@o‫٭‬n @12@87@90@ \*@ %;$&@"G@u^@'@di\8j@& :7@hC@=;\@m'(7@&/82@&:a':27@&*8+O @@K%&1/@3|S!7@3aO@S$@w\@.& :$2.@%$&S&F7@.0.@L@@027 @@ (12).

(489) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬ @@. @@critique@012@6:@ @ 1 @%&'(@U ]'2@9@8G@7@0-@]*@%?/@9012@ &:a':2@0

(490)

(491) @(@0@@@@@@ @N/@KKKo"14n@1&1M@017@o"2n@"*@ _01@@9)801@9)& 1@ )# e@&'(@7 @ (@

(492) ) 7@Xa$2@7@ 8C!@I?/@N<?@

(493) @IN2@8 :2@m'(@I012@J1+2@B'4@m+O @01n@ %'@ &e@ @ 7@ o"'<@ 01n@ %#h@ &e@ @ u@ 98C@ NG@ #&C @@@o1nKo"L< @"Dictionnaire des termes littéraires"@&/^@3]'4O@US+@8+7@@@@@@ @@o2nK&/^@s2@U&&17@J7?7@J&']$/@${@_l8*@%?/@"/^@012 @i&&#$27@&/^@s2@@ *@G@012@@ !@ .70@0#.@yGN7@@@@@@ @lV@&2+*@012@\@@70@@B:$@\@R!7@ o3nKKK:'$O@y&2^@E/ @%:2@c*@ 9&#(@ @=8+$2@NG@@@m'(@ 9&/^@y&2^7@H^@G@'? @X@7@J1M@m'(@ *@W-$(/@H^ @70O@@8G2@@i&7@&G@%-]@ @)p`\@HF1@@`0M@&SO@@`2@@l4$@012@@@Q@

(494) 7@90@IN2 @@@@@K%$&#'(@@b 701@p7@9%N/@)#YC@)#'(@,-@@!@NG@96'+2@@8Y@ . @91@z@92001@902@@9A/@37p/@930(@3;@9J&'<@0@J&'<@8@9&:a':2@0

(495)

(496) @(@0

(497)

(498) @%0@(1) @@ K238@s (2): Hendrik Van Gorp et autres: Dictionnaire des termes littéraires, Paris, Honoré @Champion, 2001, p. 125. K95@s@91988@901@@9&-&2@9A'/8@9H$ '2@&/8+2@02@970@0#@0(@012@82@4@"8#+2@[7* (3) (13).

(499) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @&/^@ p@ 3&1$'2@ _UZ @ _X#+$@ %?/@ 012@ 8+&*@ . -(@ ae!.@ @@@@@@ @@ @N*@ @¡8&/@ m'(@ XM@ J&-@ @ )h@ &/^@ p @ *8+O@ H78h27 @3CD+2@ -$(

(500) @ @ h@ 01'2@ W00@ @ -(@ ae!@ @ ¢eDO7@ o1nKH^ @012@&'(@X+@&V@JZ ;@x2@6'+27@X1M7@9&*8+O@3&:'57@ 93

(501) -$27 @WNG@ (@ 0C'27@ 01'2@ m@

(502) 7@ 9&Y8L

(503) @ %77@ 9%SG7@ %#&G:@ @ "1$a7 @@@K&/^@p@*8+O @£+@

(504) @2R@c*@9¡ ($7@@¡p`\@6'(@m'(@)p`\@7@D ) &'C@!@X+@012@\@ 27@@@@@@ @iLM@0-7@d%$&<7@9%$G@W01:@¤@96'+2@WNG@@"G#$2@ J\@mG#$@%?/ @012@J1$@I0aO@6Da2@0-(@XC@0e@m'+*@K6'+2@WNG@E/7@%&/@@iYO@70M7 @%27@9&a@6'+2@ @Wp@¥-@@78h2/@B/4@

(505) @@x2@%Y-@%2@)#'(@%N/@"/^ @@ %+@ J@ c*@ `¦@ +O@ @ h+/@ U'$@ !7@ x2@ %SG @*8+O@ 37@ @ §@ Jh:/@ x2@ %7@ %27@ 9%/@ B2@ "G@ x2@ 3&5/ @N$7@ 2@ m'(@ = +@ U'(@ J\@ @ @02@ -$@ 3 ¡ &2>@ 3@ `0M@ Z'2 @@o2nK%&8@ @m8@H45. @98;27@(-4'2@E' 8*@af@9Uq@=@0#7@ -(@ae!@8@9`0M@%07@"/^@012@ G@"'$ (1) K09@s@901@z@93@K. K10@s@91994@9A@9|$27@8;'2@H§@@9"/^@012@3&2>@@I0aO@6Da2@0-(@(2) (14).

(506) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @C@ "/^@ l0/©2@ +/ @ 8 *@ ¨&2+*@ 012@ ?/@ .y&45@ 6ae.@ 87@@@@@@ @"/^@ l0/@ x&2+*@ $@ *@ %&'(7@ 96 e^@ 0!7@ 1O7@ pa:$27@ b8;2 @@G|8/@d01'2@W00@@h12@ @0(@m'(@y&45@X(@0C7@o1nK[7N$27 @82@lV@G@IN2 @"/^@l0//@ %$CD(@N\7@98 *@r@W-$(/@9%$+&- @)8&<7@96 e^@0!7@1O7@pa:$27@b8;2/@'4h@W-$(/@%$#7@ I012 @;CO@ _(@27@ K% '$a@ %C7N$7@9H^@g$@ l0-@E/@$@W-$(/@9%+C @@KHª2@012@7@&+-@&hC @X¬@ @ «":&\@ _X@ G@ 012@ %21/@ 012@ .I0aO@ 6Da2@ 0-(.@ 0P7@@@@@@ @@8GZ2@ m'(@ @84&a2@ !@ "h1@ &GR@ 37?/@ % e!@ 27@ !@ ":2@ B'5 @ @%&2!@38@R!@<@ ¡ +&-@ @ ¨*8+@G7@K¨*8+@012*@KJ1+2@4/@&(0/ @X12@U'(@%!@w'C@Z'2@7|@ @%&2!@38@R!7@9"212@ :2@U'(@%!@w'C@ :2@7| @x2@ %SG@ %27@ 95@ %a&1@ %2@ 9Hª2@ U'(@ %@ @ )&Q@ 2R@ 8&@

(507) 7@ K":2 @@o2nK3]'4O7@U&G:O@ @&(2@%$@%2@#\@9%/]@/@J $ @@ 931'4O7@ h12@ @ ¡ 0(@ m'(@ =8+$2@ NG@ @ iZ\8@ I0aO@ J+27@@@@@@ @*a@B'{@¤@9&'1+2@3

(508) 1O@ !@W$@7@9I012@H45@&21+@$01 @m'(@I0aO@0&\?@ !@*V!@KI012@82@&(V@ f@9%(V@E/7@%&/. K369@s@91975@9B;@9E/8@+-4@9"/77^@H^@4@@38V@y&45@6ae@(1) K140@s@9A@98;'2@@0-(@ /@U8 2@0-(@3af@9&*8+O@3&:'5@@®@Z'2@u7@@I0aO@6Da2@0-(@(2) (15).

(509) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @W-$(@7@9."212@ :2@U'(.@¯012@-$(@8&@

(510) 7@96'+2@@ !@012@u#$ @@KU'(@%?/@E$2M@@UZ'a@@O@9.":2@X12@U'(. @A&17@ /V@ %\D$@ 9I0aO@ 8@ @ 012@ &#'+/@ 6i°@ @ J+27@@@@@@ @WNG7@ 9&#&G:@ ) 8@ 7@ )|L@ %|&e7@ &S@ ¤@ %$<7@ 9< @@@KU'+2@78Q@UG@"G@@\NO@3:O @2@"G@ 7@2@(V@&@ ¨2@G@7@ 9H4<@m'(@ _H4<@"/^@012@!@@@@@@ @"Y782@±0]$@l0/7@012@E/@CD+2@0@ .3/@

(511) 7.@X1@ d."/^@l0/. @y 27@ _L@ ¯+2@ !@ KKK&1&1e@ 6@ w\@ 9&2&<@ 8G7@ u&Q@ (@ 8(;2@ 7 @@ J/@ 9+2@ @ J+$@

(512) @ *@ 9_='$#*@ 012@ 0G@ @ KH^@ G@ NG@ 9UZ' $ @¨&@ ¨2@%!@ 9H ¡ 4<@m'(@_H4<@%!@9+2@N@78<>@/@6C@x2@Z'2@3&2 @@o1nKMétalanguage@:7@¨2 7 "métalanguage"@ ¨:7@ ¨2@ %@ m'(@ 012@ 0@ .3/.@ @-(@ w\@ R!7@@@@@@ @ @G87@012@&2+:2@:&77 7@00@&'(@ &+$@9H^@%(V@ _H4<7 @N\7@&SO@4/V7@9&2+:2@WNG@317@A@&/@U@9"/^@H45@X7 @@K&Y8L@7 @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@. (1): Roland Barthes: Essais Critique, Paris, Seuil, Points, 1974, p. 255. (16).

(513) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬ @@. @@012@#@ @ 2 @J7?$27@ J&']$2@ "G@ &a&Y@ =Y7@ ±D@ )#(@ 012@ ##'2@@@@@@ @012@!@%21/@ 9%$:&77@W77@012@C@ I0aO@6Da 2@0-(@0P7@ o1nKU&&1$27 @H^@g$@E/@ @ J+:2/@7@@12/ @ #Y12@CD+'2@0 @Z

(514) !@ A&2@W@0+/@ @"Z1'$O7@ ol0-On@ y 2@ E/@ ¨&7@ 0C2*@ I0aO@ @ 7@ o2nK%&+$7 @"Z1'@ 18@ @ &#G^@ ²2/@ p ?@ ±0e!@ % c/@ 9_J(*@ ¨&7@ % 2@ do¥12n @@K&/^@X#(^ @:&7@If@I0aO@8@@%'+³@9%&Z1'$7@H^@l0-@E/@012@77@@@@@@ @¥12@H@0C27@012@w:$'@X7^@Z1Q@@9L7i@L7@N$7@9&#&'+ @U#&@"`2@Z1Q@7@9u812@@ @E(0-O@s@/817@8a:7@eQ @U$2@ U(@ Z'-7@ 9u812@ 1YR@ U/@ 0]$@ &(0-O@ 84Q@ %L7@ 012 @@G7@KKK¥127@=Z2fO@E/@ )4&7@y$@\@0C2*@I0aO@X1@du/ª2 @U/@¥1'2@)S$@@)8@@u"Q@ (@¡ M@J\@7@)7@*8@*0O\@3

(515) M@J\ @0C@ I012@ ±pO@ NG@ J+27@ K%/@ u8C@ U/@ y^@ m'(@ )0Y(@ @)87@ 2@ ye @u"Q@ !@@UZ'+O@:&7@ !@H8C@3hM@´(7@+2@´(@0C2@:&7@J+L @@o3nK :2@8^@):Q\7@9T0#'2@D ) C7@9[7N'2@)/N@0C2@´$(@2N27@K8<>. (1): Hendrik Van Gorp et autres: Op. Cit, p. 125. K10@s@9"/^@012@3&2>@@I0aO@6Da2@0-(@(2) K172@s@9Z'2@u7@@I0aO@6Da2@0-(@(3). (17).

(516) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @ !@0@012@@.&'7@%&.@w&2@YN2@H^@8Z7@90C2@87@@@@@@ @pa:$27@ =&$27@ ='2@ A&17@ &+@ 7@ 9Hª2@ 8@ U&1@ @0+-2@ A#'@ 9012@ #O@ &'7@ 00@ !@ )$@ 7@ o1nKU M@ p<7 @A&1O@ C!@. !@ 012@ "(a@ XD<@ @ 2R7@ 9I012@ J+:2@ @ I&+O. @@8&$O@3(0/

(517) @ !@ )$@9@0eO7@ $/`2@ &127@0(12@u!7@98&+O @@@K012@6 e^@XD<@ @mZ'S$@x2@&#&12@4'a2@m'(@@)7D(@NG@K@0+$O7 @ !@%a:@k@@ )p;@9%7@012@7@ .":&2@":42@0#.@8P7@@@@@@ @8Q@@ 8&*@d01'2@ ¡ 0@=8+@ !@)$@ 012@I @%&S&F@ @yL @@C@8@ m'(@C2@G@#!@l0/@&'#(@@ 6 c\@%V@8Q7@012@JZ ; @B'<@ G@ 012@ !@ K&*@ @ ,D7@ 98+;2@ 8(@ m'(@ C27@ 9s2 @CZ02@@@ ":&2@yae @WNG@B'5@&'#(7@KA ?$@ H ¡ 4<@Xe@ H ¡ 4< @% & :@ @ Z #$@"\@ 9"/^@H45@[#(@ !@ R:2/@ _y24@ I012@H45@^ @y8$@2@NG@&<@JG³@ ^@K%&<@m'(@9)*@%-&\8@0&+@U @@ @u812*@ B'4O@ NG@ 7@ KW2!7@ %& 2@ 8Z $2@ U@ 7@ %$8+Q@ 1!@ %( @0(@C'2@W0+$@J/@9#&&17@s2@b8Q@m'(@=ZC$@

(518) @":&2@8( @J#¬@ ´(@ @ *1@ @ s2@ WNG@ he@ Gp`@ x2@ i\8O@ '^ @@o2nK{ @z@91998@9@8G12@9*1`'2@m'(^@A'@90G¬@U+O@0-(@0G¬@8@90M@"/^@012@µ@&'7@%& (1) K22@s@901 K07@906@s@91992@9A@98;'2@ 8@@98+;27@012@@"QD$27@3G$O@":&2@":42@0#@(2) (18).

(519) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @1O7@ pa:$27@ b8;2@ /@ )@ y&45@ 6ae@ 8@ @ 012@ \@ 27@@@@@@ @8&a:$27@ b8;2@ |7S$@ )+4C @ ":&2@ 8@ L7@ @ %c*@ d6 e^@ 0!7 @'4h&2@ d@ U &&17@ s'2@ b 8Q@ 8¬@ @u812@ wa&2@ R!@ d6 e^@ 0!7 @=&7@9G8a:7@9C@V7@9s2@BZ2?@ @m'(@C2@3#¤ @81@#\ @012@#@=ZC$@

(520) 7@9%&*@8+;2@8(7@%YiL@m'(@C2/@2 @ & :7@ 9s2@ @ @ -'2@ W|7S$@ J/@ 0M@ NG@ 0(@ ":&2 @@K-&\8@0&+@@ !@"$7@9C4$7 @i#$@ 901'2@ 3#7@ =Y7@ ±D@ 007@ 8e@ !@ I0aO@ "$7@@@@@@ @ 7@9&e@ @9012@@u812@W&$7@9%&'(@iZ\87@%27$@@ya®@&/@#&* @NG@+@U@27e@Rc*@I0aO@X1@K&@&e@ @%-7@9%&2!@%S$ @@0e7@J\@i&#$@9@|/@=Y7@±D@%2@'q@@ @H^@0C@%f@IN2@702 @=2@ )+-7@ 9&e@ @ 0C2@ %21@ @ #hO@ )+-@ E8<^@ E$:&2@ (@ @@o1nK8<@&e@ @H^@ (@%-$ @¤@U&2!@%S$@ N2@u812 @8`\^@W8@@"G7@9&:&1`$2@:&2@I0aO@&'(@B'4@ 7^@:&2@@@@@@ @"(0/@J#+2@

(521) ) 7$@¥12@ !@ I012@H45@%S$@&*7@9 2@ @@ )L7 @H^@2@%/@i&#$@@#O@WNG@"(0$a@@J+27@9U1$27@J&']$27@b8;2/ @6`Z'2@!7@9y&\8@ @#@@b8;2@0C2@J<0@yZ'4$@9&(@Y<@ K140@s@9Z'2@u7@@I0aO@6Da2@0-(@(1) (19).

(522) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @u8C@ T!@ (@ Z'2@ 3&#h@ @ yS¶@ @ &/7@ 93uP!@ @ @ #( @@o1nKH^ @"G7@&&L$2@:&2@"G@I0aO@I@@012@=Y7@ @&`2@:&27@@@@@@ @ !7@9H^@l0-@ !@I012@H45@%L$@&*7@9$1/@ (@W8@@ ¨'Z1$a @@@o2nK"(0/

(523) @%aL@7@9%*@%\;@ Zr@E(0-O@ @W8& @ !@ %YC7@ H^@ E/@ e@ @ 012@ &'#+2/@ X]$@ &&L$2@ :&27@@@@@@ @0C2@¥-@@7¦@WNG@?/@mh@#&*@ 2@@ 27@%(0-7@H^@0C@E/@ e @u812@ @Wp2@A&2@hCO@7@@8O@@ )1Z e@%2@X@#?\@R!@90Q8O@2i @-¦@ C@ @ -@

(524) @ 2ua@ "G7@ 92uaO@ #¤@ :&2@ WNG@ 0¶@ c* @@o3nKI012@8 :2@@pe7@0S$O@; $

(525) @ALG@ (@0@@01/@&C:2 @ @Z'$2@ @012@ Z #$@9I0aO@G0P@#\@9&&L$2@:&2@7@@@@@@ @6@,$:@?/@ ¡ '&:\@&*8;$@ ¡ @U01@@Ua@@% @#/7@9Hª2@%$&+- @?$:@

(526) @ #\@ :&2@ WNG@ @ 8&@ 9GC84@ @ )/77@ 9G:2?@ @ )C*>@ u/^ @@@@@@@@@KH^@m'(@2@Be@012@,j@

(527) @90Z\f@I0aO @&*8+O@ :&2@ /@ I0aO@ $+&*@ 9012@ =Y7@ @ `2`2@ :&2@ @@@@@@ @\F;&*@90C2@%1&*@%2D<@ @ )7]@ 02/@"/^@X12@0C2@X7$@&*7 K141@s@9B/a2@L8O@(1) K142@s@9%a:@L8O@(2) Ka:@]: 2@9%a:@L8O@(3) (20).

(528) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @R!@Z

(529) !@m?$@@#O@WN@ @

(530) 7@9012@*8+O@z$!@@H^@@´(@2N/ @@o1nK%SYQ7@[@@012@¥-¤@4&¦@+O@J /@ 02@l0 @b8$C@ ya®@ 012@ =Y7@ @ `2`2@ :&2@ @82@ +@ @ &-$7@@@@@@ @ !@@9%2¬@@·J¯<7@90Z12@01@J1e@ !@H8C@:&2@WNG@@9I0aO @J?$@ Zr@ 8`\@ 9H^@ XD<@ @ %a:@ J?$@ 012@ @ 2R@ 9%2¬7@ 012@ J1e @7@9%R@0e@@ ) @ @@ (@KKK[&a2@NG@@= @2@7@9%a:@H^ @4-$@G@A&Y82@%#G@ @@ (@012@= @#\@9%&t@ZD1$a@ )01 @:&2*@ K&'(@ 7@ @ @)Q@ 8$@ x2@ &:2@ 1&2@ z8v@ %L8<!7@ 2@ 2R @#S$@ 012@ 6#G@ ^@ 9H^@ @ J+$2@ @ )00L@ )+V7@ B'@ 0C'2@ &*8+O @@@o2nK+/^@@8*$@98^@@0+$@*8+O7@9*8+O@z$!@@)!@%:/ @WNG@ @ %a:@ J?@ m'(@ 012@ H- @ m'(@ 8<@ @8@ I0aO@ 0Z\f7@@@@@@ @4a/@x2@A&1O@WNG@U ®@&*8+O@:&2@%/@4@@X77@X1&*@d:&2 @@0+/@012@@G@ )+YQ@6&2@m]V@#*@9012@&'#+2@@gO@lV@G @XD<@ @Z

(531) !@(@2/@U$@

(532) 7@9&S@3#Z'a@ @B'4@"VO@@\ @x2@ "SO@ A&?$2@ &'#+/@ )78;@ 6&2@ ,-@ 9G017@ s2@ r @@o3nK"Y8L@[4$

(533) /@2@@8Q-@J-C@p$2@ @)#\8@6i'$a K143@s@9B/a2@L8O@(1) K144@9143@s@9%a:@L8O@(2) K144@s@9B/a2@L8O@(3) (21).

(534) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @%'?7@9%a:@m'(@012@H- @ @9I0aO@%(@±0]$@@@8^@1&1e7@@@@@@ @ 7@ H ¡ /@ @G@9012@=Y7@ @:&7@%'+°7@9%#Z'a@%$+L87@9%SG @ @G@9012@3#O@@)¬0@%@%a#'@@7@9012@01@J1e@@J< @#@ J 2@ 9E:'$v@ &/4<@ &/@ i&&#$2@ 60(@ X Q7@ 9J<0$2@ 8G @@012@01@H4<7@012@H4<@#G@9%/@s5@%(V @G@9012@=Y7@ @):&7@01$&O@-$(@ @ I0aO@%&2!@yGN@@!@@@@@@ @012@ =Y2@ *V@ Ee@ 9&/^@ 3]'4O@ US+@ :Z2f@ %&2!@ yGR@ @ &( @:&2.@ &/@ @ '+L@ 9&(8*@ =Y7@ oU&&1$27@ J7?$27@ J&']$2n@ &a&Y82 @7@95@%u8L!@ %4<@Xe@)# e@012@B'@#Z'\@BZ1]$@x27@d.01$&O @@@o1nK)(@I012@;2@7@J+:2@Xe @':2@70M@@(8@60(7@9i&&#$2@60(@X Q7@9J<0$2@8G@J+27@@@@@@ @@8G2@ X7$@ 0C@ x2@ :'$O@ &*8+O@ X1M@ &/@ @iYO@ Y57 @XC@ @ uD¸@,h$@ 9@0]O@ %27@9s5@ W@ @ J1e@ J\@ 9&/^ @@ 7@9Hª2@ )eQ@ 7^@%$:&7@ If@ G7@ 0C2@ @ N G@I0aO @@ 27@K (@&2#§@8'2@ )a f@`2`2@7@9Hª2@ )<f@&`2@%$:&7 @012@3L7@ @L7@@@78h2/@$@@H^@0C@m'(@ &+$O@ @ @%Z1e@ @c*@9012@ @ &+$@= ¡ /@H^@ @)&+@)/8V@{@@

(535) 7@98<@7. (1): Hendrik Van Gorp et autres: Op. Cit, p. 126. (22).

(536) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @ @2?aO@@@U@012@/$ 2@y8@E/@0e2@I012@%/4<@@z| @Z

(537) @@ 1 K7:$@ o n. @%&#a@ @ %2@ J` 7@ 9"/^@ 012@ 7@ 9:'$v@ X 1e@ E/@ '5@ mZ'S$7@@@@@@ @R!@9J 2@m'(@ui§@[D!@H/@ @!7@90C2@J/1@G7@H^@bQ@I0aO @IN27@ 9I82@ 012@ 01@ `27@ 9H^@ µ@ 9&7@ 9b8;2@ 012@ 6@ @@K(@&2#§@82@Af¤@ %&#a@@7 @I0aO@%2@8&; @%$:&7@8e7@9012@00@@X]$2@2R@9W-$

(538) @"(Fa@x2@h12@ 7@@@@@@ @ 7^@ 1+2@ N@ 9012@ 82@ $*8(@ x2@ 3

(539) ]$'2@ @8a@ %a:@ }8*@ IN27 @@@&D ; 2@0O@$Q@x2@ @`27@9&aZ'2@@`2@@920@2@81'2 @ (@ .#&12.@6:@b8@ !@(i2@'$/@-8@91O@X]$27@9W017@H^ @6:¤@ 012@ /@ N-7@ @*¬@ m+a@ mZ'S$7@ KH^@ @ @ W|7³7@ 9012 @K@ )#&&17@ &(0/@ X#(^@ m'(@ )# e@ 012@ -$(@ (@ L8$2@ @ 9#&12 @@@@@@@@@@K#&12@4'a/@012@-@8G@ @8@U&&1$27@U M7 @G|7³7@#&12@ N-@ !@ m+aO@NG@ (@I0aO@ 6Da2@ 0-(@0C2@ 8-+@@@@@@ @%$2@ @ @ :@ @ 7@ X1@ d0M@ 012@ @ 0($2@ @ N<@ IN27 @ !@ l&

(540) @ B'4@ @ 2R@ J\7@ %'-C@ 2?O@ 012@ m'(@ i#@ @ 0M@ 012/ @%\87@ 9&N2@ %+-4@ )&+@ )# e@ J8@

(541) @ @ @8+O@ &(VO@ 7 K145@9144@s@9Z'2@u7@@I0aO@6Da2@0-(@(1) (23).

(542) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @7@Hª2@012@U e@?\7@ _E;@I&+O@U M@@(C@@81$7@KKK&(-4

(543) @ !@U&12@-V7@I012@J#+2@@$

(544) @?\@7@9I&+@p@ @@ @%&'( @@@o1nKU& M@a@JYh*@ @) '&h*@ma@0C@&+@p @@< @#&1'2@+O@9H^@#'(@@8&7@0(@&'7@%&@01$7@@@@@@ @H^@ -@ m'(@ )0Z\f@ #G8&7@ &-27@ &D ;2\@ &a!ZD2@ 3G³

(545) @mV@ m$7@ 9H^@ @ &Z'³@ |8/c/@ 012@ 6#$G@ @78V@ "2$2/7@ 9#&12/ @"-7@9U&12@ @ _u/@":2@J#+2@!@X1@dJ;:2@ !@X>@#O@WNG@ (@0Z12 @WNG@J+L@ 7@&/^@ 02@ (@ #&12@ b842@ ¡ 27@J\7@ K0C2@4/@ T0@ @@o2nKB:@@0/

(546) @3-2@U'(@%-;@)#'(@02 @m'(@U M@"G@x2@9&^@%$:&7@ (@012@"*³@I0aO@8 $a7@@@@@@ @ 0C2@8(7@012@ @@6&2@8Z @=&\@X1@d#&&17@&/^@X#(^ @X!@ (@ 0C2@ Ta!@ 0¤@ 1@ %$&(V7@ I012@ J#+2@ GL7@ @@o3nK6 e^ @012@@O@9H^/@012@CD(@&hC@X7$27@b842/@@80§@h12@ 7@@@@@@ @yGN@K%$&/@J&'7@9%$+L8@m'(@7@9H^@@82@m'(@A?$@H4< @3&4+O@&+-$27@Hª2@&+-$2@E/@ ¨Cir@ ¨&2+*@012@?/@8C

(547) @ !@ y&45@6ae K28@s@9"/^@012@3&2>@@I0aO@6Da2@0-(@(1) K23@s@90M@"/^@012@µ@&'7@%& (2). (24). K28@s@9"/^@012@3&2>@@I0aO@6Da2@0-(@(3).

(548) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @&1-@ w\@!@Xua$7@ o1nK#G8&7@9l#$L

(549) @U'(@7@A:2@U'+\@6'+2@ @ U '( @%(@0@ )+L87@ D ) @ \7@9012@3827@3/1O@m'(@ &/^@X#(^ @@ JG7@ ~pa:$27@ b8;27@ +/$O@ A&-e@ )#Y@ J@ 012@ @ £+@ d@p<^@ WNG @|7³@m'(@0\Z f@9u81'2@6+2@[7N2@%&L7@(7@382@ @'-2@012@X @@o2n~&+-$2@WN@012 @&20L@ ¨CD(@ H^/@ 012@ CD(@ ?/@ 881$2@ !@ y&45@ 6ae@ "$7@@@@@@ @NG@ @ Z

(550) !@ 9012/@ ) 1@ H^@ &-+Q7@ &1-@ @ U82@ m'(7@ 9o& &$ 2n @@8Z -O@&/^@X#(^@@#\@ K%/@8?$7@H^@@8f@W'-7@%?;@0+/@8&<^ @2N2@J&`#$2@ 7@9@8V@01@ ¡ 'O@ /]@TD$@ S&$@ w\@ (0-O7 @@o3nKUGp7@/27@pG|@"/8+2@H^@@+2@u8+;/ @@ 82@ m'(@ A ?$@ _H4<@ 012@ ?/@ WD( @ 8C!@ @ U82@ m'(7@@@@@@ @%c*@9%&'(@U M7@%#&&17@%e8Q7@9%$&/@J&'7@9%$+L8@m'(@7@9H^ @Ua@@% @#/7@9Hª2@%7@%$&+-@ @Z'$2@ @ Z #$@ 012@I @@ )C*>@ u/^@ 6@ ,$:@ ?/@ ¡ '&:\@ &*8;$@ ¡ @ U01@ @ 2R@ m'(@ @)7D( @6:@ 3'/@ x2@ 9`0M@ 3G³

(551) @ @ <7@ KGC84@ @ )/77@ 9G:2? @@u812@ @ 7@ 90C2@ ¥12@ m]V@ &e@ 9¥12@ ?Q@ @ w'(7@ @u812 K380@s@9"/77^@H^@4@@38V@y&45@6ae@(1) K379@9378@s@9%a:@L8O@(2) K385@s@9%a:@L8O@(3) (25).

(552) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @ @ D ) :7@ )8<@ J@ IN2@ 9H^@ 2@ @ [:@ ¡ ¤@ mP@ 012 @@@@K%

(553)

(554) @8P7@9%14$a@ @8$@92

(555) 02 @u8!@ @ W77@ 0C2@ ¥12@ &#G?/@ )&(7@ U012@ ±8$2@ @ 0q@ Z'+27@@@@@@ @@X1@R!@"-$O@W81@@¶@m'(@92 @@K£@I8+;/@U'(@"L@ / @0C'2@ J(:2@ 702/@ )8Z -@ )*F(7@ )8C@ J#@ 9/h$C@ m'(@ @-+2@ WNG@@@@@@ @&2+:2@012@|7³@"2$2/7@9&/^@X#(^@2

(556) @@7@9B'<@@%c/@)p;-7 @@K=Z2fO@8@m'(@C2@I@9pa:$27@b8;2 @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@ @@. (26).

(557) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬ @@. @@@012@01@6:@ @ 3 @%@m'(@:'$v7@¨@p`\@3@0Z\f7@9 0C@@¡8G2@_0e@_,'4@.012@01.@@@@@@ @p@9/@#]$'7@90127@&/^@302@[#(@@U012@N@@NS$@r@\ @ !@@12/@ L2@ !@ @ z785@ 8*@ @ ,$@ U'*@ 9:+a@ @ ,'4O@ @,-$2@9&GN2@3$2@@8Y@|7³@@%#&G:O@y$ @7@KJ+:2/@L2@ ! @@K&eD4@3 ¡ Y\ @3/4<@ @ gQ$2@ m'(@ @ ) &@ ) r@ 01$&O@ -$(@ @ %Z'+2@@@@@@ @.w&&L@ pL.@ 00@ m'(@ )#$(@ 2R7@ d>@ @ (@ @¡i&#$7@ /@ ¡ 4-8@ 8< @ ¡ ¹@aº@E/@Wi&&j7@9o1n8+;'2@ )(V@G-$(/@ transtextualité@.& ´+2. @"2@ "2+$27@. paratexte@. I|O@ 27@. intertextualité@. s$2@ "G. @@o2nKmétatextualité@&$&O7@architextualité@2@L7@hypertextualité @&@ CD(@ m'(@ _UYC@ w&&L@ G0P@ x2@ ¹^@ @ ¹@ J\@ @ O7@@@@@@ @ » /@ ) @#³@.B&'+.@CD(@ & $&O@I @p<^@ #2@@CD+2@c*@9@0. (1)@ Gérard Genette: Palimpsestes: La litérature au second degré, Paris, Seuil, 1982, p. 07. (2)@Ibid, pp. 08 – 12. (27).

(558) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪي إﻟﻰ ﺧـﻄﺎب ﻧﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّﻘــﺪ‬. :‫اﻷول‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬. @m'(@ %$&#a@ 7@ J/@ 9@78h2/@ %&(0$a@ 7@ 9W8h]$a@ @ 7@ 9%(@ ±0]$@ 98<> @@@@o1nK|&$/@012@CD+2@"G@w&&L@8@@&$&O@!@KKKJC^ @8+@¨;@G@&e@ @012@01@%21/@012@01@.:(@8/L.@8+@@@@@@ @77@ 82@ Y-@ D@ (@ ):Q\@ 9012@ XC^@ +L8@ !@ 8 @_J&?@G@&e@ @ Metacriticism@=2@012@7@9pa:$2@u8L!7@&'&']$2 @&Y8L@ 3&'#+27@ &SO@ U&G:O@ &'(@ I4@ x2@ &'1+2@ 3