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Benthic contributions to Adriatic and Mediterranean biogeochemical cycles

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(1)

Benthic contributions to Adriatic

and Mediterranean

biogeochemical cycles

Arthur Capet, Paolo Lazzari, Federico Spagnoli, Giorgio Bolzon, and Cosimo Solidoro

(2)

1. Intro

2. The 3D model Set-up

3. Comparison with observations 4. Contribution to budgets 5. The role of biology

6. Nutrient retention and recycling 7. Conluding remarks

(3)

Why a benthic module ?

Allowing exchanges between the benthic and pelagic enables :

I Retention: (Part of) primary production mineralized locally

I Seasonal inertia: Shape production seasonal cycle

I Inter-annual inertia: Delayed response to water quality policies

I Denitrification: Net N removal, eg. Black Sea Capet et al. 2016

I Phosphate sequestration: eg. Baltic Sea, North Sea Slomp et al. 1998

I Benthic biology services: Filtration, irrigation, turbation, consolidation, production, oxygenation,... Norko et al. 2012

(4)

Why a benthic module ?

Allowing exchanges between the benthic and pelagic enables :

I Retention: (Part of) primary production mineralized locally

I Seasonal inertia: Shape production seasonal cycle

I Inter-annual inertia: Delayed response to water quality policies

I Denitrification: Net N removal, eg. Black Sea Capet et al. 2016

I Phosphate sequestration: eg. Baltic Sea, North Sea Slomp et al. 1998

I Benthic biology services: Filtration, irrigation, turbation, consolidation, production, oxygenation,... Norko et al. 2012

(5)

Why a benthic module ?

Allowing exchanges between the benthic and pelagic enables :

I Retention: (Part of) primary production mineralized locally

I Seasonal inertia: Shape production seasonal cycle

I Inter-annual inertia: Delayed response to water quality policies

I Denitrification: Net N removal, eg. Black Sea Capet et al. 2016

I Phosphate sequestration: eg. Baltic Sea, North Sea Slomp et al. 1998

I Benthic biology services: Filtration, irrigation, turbation, consolidation, production, oxygenation,... Norko et al. 2012

(6)

Why a benthic module ?

Allowing exchanges between the benthic and pelagic enables :

I Retention: (Part of) primary production mineralized locally

I Seasonal inertia: Shape production seasonal cycle

I Inter-annual inertia: Delayed response to water quality policies

I Denitrification: Net N removal, eg. Black Sea Capet et al. 2016

I Phosphate sequestration: eg. Baltic Sea, North Sea Slomp et al. 1998

I Benthic biology services: Filtration, irrigation, turbation, consolidation, production, oxygenation,... Norko et al. 2012

(7)

Why a benthic module ?

Allowing exchanges between the benthic and pelagic enables :

I Retention: (Part of) primary production mineralized locally

I Seasonal inertia: Shape production seasonal cycle

I Inter-annual inertia: Delayed response to water quality policies

I Denitrification: Net N removal, eg. Black Sea Capet et al. 2016

I Phosphate sequestration: eg. Baltic Sea, North Sea Slomp et al. 1998

I Benthic biology services: Filtration, irrigation, turbation, consolidation, production, oxygenation,... Norko et al. 2012

(8)

Why a benthic module ?

Allowing exchanges between the benthic and pelagic enables :

I Retention: (Part of) primary production mineralized locally

I Seasonal inertia: Shape production seasonal cycle

I Inter-annual inertia: Delayed response to water quality policies

I Denitrification: Net N removal, eg. Black Sea Capet et al. 2016

I Phosphate sequestration: eg. Baltic Sea, North Sea Slomp et al. 1998

I Benthic biology services: Filtration, irrigation, turbation, consolidation, production, oxygenation,... Norko et al. 2012

(9)

1. Intro

2. The 3D model Set-up

3. Comparison with observations 4. Contribution to budgets 5. The role of biology

6. Nutrient retention and recycling 7. Conluding remarks

(10)

Model Set-up

I Physics: CMEMS, 1/16◦, 72 z-levels, NEMO

I Climatology (1997-2007), offline (24h)

I Biogeochemistry: BFM Vichi et al. 2007, Lazzari et al. 2010, 2012

I Atmospheric deposits: Nitrate and phosphate deposit Ribera d’Alcal`a et al., 2003

I Gibraltar: Newtonian dumping towards MEDAR-MEDATLAS

(11)

Model Set-up

I Physics: CMEMS, 1/16◦, 72 z-levels, NEMO

I Biogeochemistry: BFM Vichi et al. 2007, Lazzari et al. 2010, 2012

I C, N, P, Si, O , reduced

I 4 Phyto., 3 Zoo., 2 Bact.

I Atmospheric deposits: Nitrate and phosphate deposit Ribera d’Alcal`a et al., 2003

I Gibraltar: Newtonian dumping towards MEDAR-MEDATLAS

(12)

Model Set-up

I Physics: CMEMS, 1/16◦, 72 z-levels, NEMO

I Biogeochemistry: BFM Vichi et al. 2007, Lazzari et al. 2010, 2012

I Atmospheric deposits: Nitrate and phosphate deposit Ribera d’Alcal`a et al., 2003

I Gibraltar: Newtonian dumping towards MEDAR-MEDATLAS

(13)
(14)

The Benthic module : transfer function

panox part of anoxic mineralization (ie. producing ODU)

pdenit part of denitrification mineralization (ie. using NOx)

pnit part of produced ammonium nitrified within the sediments

(15)

The Benthic module : transfer function

panox part of anoxic mineralization (ie. producing ODU)

pdenit part of denitrification mineralization (ie. using NOx)

pnit part of produced ammonium nitrified within the sediments

(16)

The Benthic module : transfer function

panox part of anoxic mineralization (ie. producing ODU)

pdenit part of denitrification mineralization (ie. using NOx)

pnit part of produced ammonium nitrified within the sediments

(17)

The Benthic module : transfer function

panox part of anoxic mineralization (ie. producing ODU)

pdenit part of denitrification mineralization (ie. using NOx)

pnit part of produced ammonium nitrified within the sediments

(18)

The Benthic module : transfer function

panox part of anoxic mineralization (ie. producing ODU)

pdenit part of denitrification mineralization (ie. using NOx)

pnit part of produced ammonium nitrified within the sediments

psid ratio between potential and effective dissolution (saturation)

(19)

The Benthic module : transfer function

1. Calibrate (extended) OMEXDIA model from observations

2. Perturbated Monte Carlo simulations

(20)

The Benthic module : transfer function

1. Calibrate (extended) OMEXDIA model from observations

2. Perturbated Monte Carlo simulations

(21)

The Benthic module : transfer function

1. Calibrate (extended) OMEXDIA model from observations

2. Perturbated Monte Carlo simulations

(22)

1. Intro

2. The 3D model Set-up

3. Comparison with observations 4. Contribution to budgets 5. The role of biology

6. Nutrient retention and recycling 7. Conluding remarks

(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)

1. Intro

2. The 3D model Set-up

3. Comparison with observations 4. Contribution to budgets 5. The role of biology

6. Nutrient retention and recycling 7. Conluding remarks

(29)
(30)

1. Intro

2. The 3D model Set-up

3. Comparison with observations 4. Contribution to budgets 5. The role of biology

6. Nutrient retention and recycling 7. Conluding remarks

(31)

Biological control on Benthic-Pelagic coupling

Bioturbation Bioirrigation

Sensitivity analysis of the (1D diagenetic) OMEXDIA model parameters :

1. Quantity of organic matter input

2. The mixed layer depth

3. Bio-irrigation intensity

4. Quality of organic matter input

(32)

Biological control on Benthic-Pelagic coupling

Bioturbation Bioirrigation

Sensitivity analysis of the (1D diagenetic) OMEXDIA model parameters :

1. Quantity of organic matter input

2. The mixed layer depth

3. Bio-irrigation intensity

4. Quality of organic matter input

(33)

Biological control

(34)

Biological control

(35)

Biological control

(36)

1. Intro

2. The 3D model Set-up

3. Comparison with observations 4. Contribution to budgets 5. The role of biology

6. Nutrient retention and recycling 7. Conluding remarks

(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)

Primary production increase due to benthic retention

(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)

1. Intro

2. The 3D model Set-up

3. Comparison with observations 4. Contribution to budgets 5. The role of biology

6. Nutrient retention and recycling 7. Conluding remarks

(47)

Conluding remarks

I Benthic-Pelagic coupling increases the retention and productivity in

land-influenced areas and in regions of OM accumulation

→ Benthic-pelagic coupling in spatially resolved frameworks

I Significant & spatially variable contribution of benthic fauna

(48)

Conluding remarks

I Benthic-Pelagic coupling increases the retention and productivity in

land-influenced areas and in regions of OM accumulation

→ Benthic-pelagic coupling in spatially resolved frameworks

I Significant & spatially variable contribution of benthic fauna

(49)

Conluding remarks

I Benthic-Pelagic coupling increases the retention and productivity in

land-influenced areas and in regions of OM accumulation

→ Benthic-pelagic coupling in spatially resolved frameworks

I Significant & spatially variable contribution of benthic fauna

(50)

Conluding remarks

I Benthic-Pelagic coupling increases the retention and productivity in

land-influenced areas and in regions of OM accumulation

→ Benthic-pelagic coupling in spatially resolved frameworks

I Significant & spatially variable contribution of benthic fauna

(51)

Thanks for your attention ...

... and questions

(52)

The Benthic module : transfer function

1. Calibrate (extended) OMEXDIA model from observations

2. Perturbated Monte Carlo simulations

(53)

The Benthic module : transfer function

1. Calibrate (extended) OMEXDIA model from observations

2. Perturbated Monte Carlo simulations

(54)

The Benthic module : transfer function

1. Calibrate (extended) OMEXDIA model from observations

2. Perturbated Monte Carlo simulations

(55)

Phosphate, Surface [µM]

without Benthic Module Solidoro et al, 2009 with Benthic Module

(56)

Phosphate, Bottom [µM]

without Benthic Module Solidoro et al, 2009 with Benthic Module

(57)

Nitrate + Nitrite, Surface [µM]

without Benthic Module Climatology [1986–2006] Solidoro et al, 2009 with Benthic Module

(58)

Nitrate + Nitrite, Bottom [µM]

without Benthic Module Solidoro et al, 2009 with Benthic Module

(59)

Ammonia, Surface [µM]

without Benthic Module Solidoro et al, 2009 with Benthic Module

(60)

Ammonia, Bottom [µM]

without Benthic Module Solidoro et al, 2009 with Benthic Module

(61)

Silicate, Surface [µM]

without Benthic Module Solidoro et al, 2009 with Benthic Module

(62)

Silicate, Bottom [µM]

without Benthic Module Solidoro et al, 2009 with Benthic Module

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