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1 % 4 B 2 #4 " ' # &* " " " 0 " (8 " ' " @ " ' & & E 0 0 &," F " 0 !" " A #G #$ H0 3 4*B " ? & " # # " K 0 !" " G = " G ' " G ' " G = " G = " G = " " (8 " ' " & & " &," " " # J,M0 ' " " ) !" + " ) + 0 ' " " " ? # ) ' (' ('

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;: +& $ 8% 5 * 5 * * '# 6% 5 ' ' % * '1 * 51 ' ' * '1 ' 1 * * ' $ 8% 5 + 4 * $ ! ' # % " ! ' # * ' " + ' ' * '1 + % '1 + 3 * ' 4 * $ 1 ! * $ +? 4 * $ % ' ! ' # % % ' " ! ' # % ' " 4 % % '1 ' 9 * * ' % '1 ' 1 * 5 4 * $ % ' 1 = ' ' $ 8% 5 # 4&B +

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e3: Pay the Sale order Notes Node --> Class Star --> Process Customer activated Notes Event Customer Sale

order Sale orderitem

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--- IS specification

IS-spec := IS-aspect-spec { , IS-aspect-spec }

IS-aspect-spec := static-aspect-spec | dynamic-aspect-spec | integrity-rule-aspect-spec

-- Static aspect specification

static-aspect-spec := category-spec { , category-spec } category-spec := atomic-class-spec | hyperclass-spec -- Atomic-class specification

atomic-class-spec := ATOMIC-CLASS atomic-class-name

SIZE [basic-type : length [, decimal]] basic-type := Integer|Real|Character|Date|Boolean

-- Hyperclass specification

hyperclass-spec := HYPERCLASS hyperclass-name [IS TUPLE-CLASS]

[IS SUB-HYPERCLASS OF hyperclass-name [WHEN specialisation-condition]] [ attribute-spec {, attribute-spec}] [ key-spec {, key-spec}]

;8

attribute-spec : = ATTRIBUTE attribute-name TERMINATION category-name [([mincard],[maxcard])] -- Key specification

key-spec : = KEY key-name

[ATTRIBUTES attribute-name {, attribute-name}]

0%8%,%

&

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--- Dynamic aspect specification

Dynamic-aspect-spec := Dynamic - spec {, Dynamic - spec } Dynamic-spec := event-spec| process-spec |

dynamic-state-spec| method-spec -- Dynamic state specification

dynamic-state-spec := DYNAMIC STATE hyperclass-id

-- Method specification

method-spec : = METHOD method-id

OF HYPERCLASS hyperclass-id

[FROM STATES hyperclass-id {, hyperclass-id}] [TO STATES hyperclass-id {, hyperclass-id}]

[INVOLVED ATTRIBUTES attribute-id {,attribute-id}] -- Event specification

event-spec : = EVENT event-id -- Process specification

process-spec : = PROCESS process-id

IN HYPERCLASS hyperclass-id [PRE-CONDITION condition] [POST-CONDITION condition]

[PRE-HYPERCLASS hyperclass-id {, hyperclass-id }]] [POST-HYPERCLASS hyperclass-id {, hyperclass-id}] [TRIGGERED BY event-id]

EXECUTE method-id {, method-id}

0%8%0%

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--- Integrity rule aspect specification

integrity-rule-aspect-spec := integrity-rule-spec {, integrity-rule-spec} -- Integrity rule specification

integrity-rule-spec := INTEGRITY RULE rule-id

EXPRESSION rule-expression [scope-spec {, scope-spec}] -- Scope specification

scope-spec := ON TUPLE-CLASS hyperclass-id [risk-spec {, risk-spec} ] -- Risk specification

risk-spec : = RISK risk-id

[DEFINED ON primitive-type

[ON ATTRIBUTE Attribute-id]] [CONCERNED BY method-id {, method-id}]

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7< " " ' 0 " " ' ? " ' ? " 0 . ' & E # ;,<F0 IS component Information system IS component IS component 1 % 4 B " # # " # 0 !" " ? @ ? # # & " 0 ' " # " # &

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79 Deployment Implementation Design Analysis Deployment Implementation Design Analysis coordination Another IS component An IS component 1 % 4 B 3 ' " ?' & ? # " " " ' (R( " =N ' =N&S) • !" " % 5 ? " # # ? @ # C W • !" 6 # ? " # C K & ? @ # & W • !" ? " C " & 0 # ;,J # & ? " ? " " " 0 Systems facet Group Collaboration facet Practical perspective Operational perspective Managerial perspective Static aspect Dynamic aspect Rule aspect Activities Responsibility zones 1 % 4 B ' " # ' " " ? # " ? @? " ) " A W + " " # W % # C &* ? " # C 0 "' " ' ?" " & " . & ' " - # 5 0 !" ( # ' ?" " & " - # C ' " / 0 !" - ' ?" " & " ' " " ' # 0

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77 !" ' " & " # & " % ' % + % E # ;,;F0 IS component Purchase management Inventory management Sale management Notations Information overlap 1 % 4 B 2 4 " % ? " " 0 !" % " ' ?" " & & " 0 !" " ? " " % ' ?" " & & " 0 !" " % " & A # ;,70 & " " " " 0 !" " " " @ 0 " ' # " " = = = + ' " " " " % E # ;,70&F0 !" " " " , @ 0 " ' ? # " " ' ' + ' + 0 PO_includeItems paymentFor ofSaleOrder belongedToCustomer Sale order Payment Customer Sale order item Mono-value attribute Multi-value attribute Notes: Key class Tuple class Inventory Item SO_items SALE hyperclass SO_includeItems Sale order Sale order item Inventory Item SO_items INVENTORY hyperclass Purchase order item Purchase order PO_items a) Sale management

IS component b) Inventory managementIS component

7M !" " % " & # ;,M0 & " % # 4 % #$ , # R :JS0 0 E , ,F " 0 SO demand valid p1. Receiving and validating demand SO items delivered SO amount paid p2. Getting customer info p4. Receiving payment e1: Demand-for-items e2: Accept unit prices and give personal information

e3: Pay the Sale order Customer activated Notes Event Customer Sale

order Sale orderitem Inventoryitem

SO demand invalid SO item returned p5. Receiving returned items e4: Return items Payment Payment_ approved SO customer valid p3. Decreasing quantity in stock Sale order item Inventory item in stock Inventory item activated Sale order item Inventory item activated Inventory item in stock p11. Creating new inventory item p12. Increasing quantity in stock p14. Undo decreasing quantity in stock e12: Inventory items sold by sale order e13: Inventory items returned by sale order e14: Inventory items received by purchase order Notes Node --> Class Star --> Process Inventory item Inventory item activated p13. Decreasing quantity in stock e11: New inventory item Inventory in stock Purchase

order order itemPurchase

Sale order Sale order_item

Inventory in stock Inventory out of stock Inventory in stock Sale order Sale order item

a) System life cycle of Sale management

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