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SOLITONS GRIS, PHONONS ET DISSIPATION DANS UN CONDENSAT DE BOSE-EINSTEIN QUASI-UNIDIMENSIONNEL

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(1)SOLITONS GRIS, PHONONS ET DISSIPATION DANS UN CONDENSAT DE BOSE-EINSTEIN QUASI-UNIDIMENSIONNEL Abdelaziz Radouani. To cite this version: Abdelaziz Radouani. SOLITONS GRIS, PHONONS ET DISSIPATION DANS UN CONDENSAT DE BOSE-EINSTEIN QUASI-UNIDIMENSIONNEL. Matière Condensée [cond-mat]. Faculté des sciences de Rabat, 2004. Français. �tel-00009805�. HAL Id: tel-00009805 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009805 Submitted on 22 Jul 2005. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) UNIVERSITE MOHAMMED V- AGDAL FACULTE DES SCIENCES RABAT. THESE Présentée à la Faculté des Sciences de Rabat Pour l’obtention du : Diplôme de Doctorat d’Etat Discipline : Physique Spécialité : Physique Quantique Présentée par : Abdelaziz RADOUANI. Sujet :. SOLITONS GRIS , PHONONS ET DISSIPATION DANS UN CONDENSAT DE BOSE-EINSTEIN QUASI-UNIDIMENSIONNEL . Soutenue Le 30/09/2004 devant le Jury composé de : Président : Mr. Amal BERRADA. Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences de Rabat. Examinateurs : Mr. Driss SAYAH. Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences de Rabat. Mr. Vincent HAKIM. Directeur de Recherche au CNRS (LPS. ENS. Paris). Mr. M-E. BRACHET. Directeur de Recherche au CNRS (LPS. ENS. Paris). Mr. A.BENYOUSSEF. Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences de Rabat. Mr. A. EL KENZ. Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences de Rabat.

(3) A la mémoire de mes Parents. A mon fils el aziz Abdelhakim. A toute ma famille A tous mes amis.

(4) M.

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