SOLITONS GRIS, PHONONS ET DISSIPATION DANS UN CONDENSAT DE BOSE-EINSTEIN QUASI-UNIDIMENSIONNEL
Texte intégral
(2) UNIVERSITE MOHAMMED V- AGDAL FACULTE DES SCIENCES RABAT. THESE Présentée à la Faculté des Sciences de Rabat Pour l’obtention du : Diplôme de Doctorat d’Etat Discipline : Physique Spécialité : Physique Quantique Présentée par : Abdelaziz RADOUANI. Sujet :. SOLITONS GRIS , PHONONS ET DISSIPATION DANS UN CONDENSAT DE BOSE-EINSTEIN QUASI-UNIDIMENSIONNEL . Soutenue Le 30/09/2004 devant le Jury composé de : Président : Mr. Amal BERRADA. Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences de Rabat. Examinateurs : Mr. Driss SAYAH. Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences de Rabat. Mr. Vincent HAKIM. Directeur de Recherche au CNRS (LPS. ENS. Paris). Mr. M-E. BRACHET. Directeur de Recherche au CNRS (LPS. ENS. Paris). Mr. A.BENYOUSSEF. Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences de Rabat. Mr. A. EL KENZ. Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences de Rabat.
(3) A la mémoire de mes Parents. A mon fils el aziz Abdelhakim. A toute ma famille A tous mes amis.
(4) M.
(5) N OQPSRUTDVXW YFZ[ Z]\ `^ _badcdegfhejilknm_oadp>qsrt_vu>ctwxrd_syzadwDm{ejy>r}|x_v~Jejy>rd|xctiaXe!wxadwvcweklilrtwJejCk ehce adhilct_m_u>p:@rti:>_raeadilradi:>_D'`>k<n|xhkl_}/c~Jejk_}>uwsctil_s>c_ ¡n>`m_ ¢ejctilrg£:m{ejy>r`k_¤|gehmc_¥m_k¦e}|xhklk¦ej/cdejatihy!_sy:atct_¤|x_¤k ej/cdejat/ilct_¤_xa`kl_¤k ehceadhilct_ m_ u>pz@rti z>_Jm_srX~Jeadwsci¦ej@§¨m_Dk eH©ªeh|x>katw!m_xrXr|xil_sy{|x_xrom_J«¤ej¬ea£_xaXrdh>rXk e milct_g|®atihym_X¯Fhy>rti_s>c¤°¤ctilrtr¥±¢²6±³_xam_¯Fhy>rti_x>cµ´iy{|®_sy:a¥³±¶·¸¯¨¹ ¢y¨u>c_s~Dil_sc}kli_s£>º¸_vadil_sy>ro4_®§uctil~D_scadhad_D~Je4»hceadiad>m_!F¯Fhy>rdil_s>c}k_ ¼c/©¦_srdrt_s>co°¤ctilrtrv±½²6±³X£8°¤ilct_g|®at_s>com@¾k ehceadhic_!m_Ju>p:rdi:>_!m_xr~Jeadw® cti ej@§1£jz>i~He¿_sy{|®/>cde»hwÀu>cwsu¬ec_sc½|®_xatad_nadp>qsrt_`_xybeh|x|x_suaejy:a£jesfz_g|ej~Jej>ikliadw/£ m1Á_xy>»:ej»/_xcrebct_srtuhy>rej>ilkiatwm_}mic_g|®adilhym_X|x_adcdegfhejikÂm_adp>qsrt_/¹Ã¥Äik1f/_s>ilkkl_ >il_sy.atcthfz_sci|xi½~D_xrc_s~D_scd|®i_s~v_sy:adrkl_sru>kl>rrtily{|xqsct_xru/>creJ»h_sy:adilklk_xrdrt_/£(re milrduhy>il>ilkiadw/£:_®a`rt_sr6y>/~>ct_s@§ |®/y>rt_silklr`_xa`rt>»/»h_sradilhy>r:Äik{~Fe}eju>u/cÅadw¿adha ejFklhy>» m_}|x_adcesfhejik<¹ ¯e$u>c/©¦/y{m_Fc_g|xhy>y¬eilrtrey{|®_rgemct_srtrt_ejÆu>cth©A_srtrt_s>cv´iy>|x_sy:a!³±¶·¸¯¾£ °¤ic_g|®ad_scm_ct_g|p>_xcd|p>_bejC^µ¥«¤¨86(¹(6(¹(¢ejctilr®£:>i'~FeDcwsrd_xcfzw/£(esfz_g| »h_sy:adilklk_srtrt_/£s>y/yXe|s|x>_silkejk ehceadhic_6m_¼u>p:@rti:>_¼raeadilrtati z>_¤Ç>ÈÉjÇzÊ/ÉhÊÇhÇ/Ç ÈgÊzÉjÇ/ËzÉÊhÇhÇhÌ:®£¬~Hev»h>imwoD|p>hilrdilc_xam@wxfz_skl/uu(_xc¤u>cth»/c_srtrdifz_s~v_sy:a¤kl_Xrthº¸_xa¥m_ |x_xaad_}adp>qsrt_/£¬_®a¥~Fev©ejiaeju>u>ct_sy{mc_/£(egf/_g|}>ymwxfzh>_s~D_syza¥_xa¥>y>_|xh~Duwxat_sy{|x_ ct_s~ ect:¬ek_srg£k¦e¿u>ceadi:>_m_`k e¿u>p:@rti:>_6adp>wx/ci :>_`rt>c'hcdmily¬ejat_s>cg£_xa½k<Íeh|s|xqxr£ m{ejy>rÀm_/y>y>_xrÀ|xhy{miadil/y>rg£@X|®_xa>y>ifz_xctr`©erd|xily¬ejy:aÀ:>i¬_sra`k_¤~v/y{m_¥m_k¦erti ~o>k eadil/y y:>~Dwscti:>_/¹Î_¤mhir`milct_¤:_¤|hÁ_sra6»/cdÏh|x_¥k<ejim_¤ily{|xhy{milatil/y>y>_sklkl_m_ ´b¹1³±¶·¸¯¨£(rd|xil_sy:adiЬ:>_b_xa~Dhcejk_/£(rthyCm@@y¬ej~Dilrd~v_/£rt_sr|xctiadi:>_sr|xhy>radct{| adifz_srg£rt/yrt/ati_sy.ily>_sradil~Jej>k_ou_sy{m>ey:ak_sr~Dh~D_sy:atrkl_sru>kl>rmiÑJ|xilkl_sr£(_®ak e |xhyÐey>|x_:Áilk(yÍe|x_srtrtwm_¥~D_¥~Jejy>i©¦_srad_scÀm>cdey:a~D/yJrdwºÒ/>cs£º®Íei(u>!~D_xy>_sc |x_oadcdegfhejik¼Jat_sct~D_o_xaf@if@c_vy>_v_®§@uwsctil_sy{|x_Dm_sru>kl>rXej»hctwej>k_xr¹ÂÃ¥Áilk½f/_s>ilkkl_ >il_syadcthf/_sc i |®i¤k<Á_§u>ct_srtrtil/yÓm_F~Je$adcqsrJ»hcejy{m_»hceadiad{m_m1esfzhic!e|s|x_suatw esfz_g|}ej~Jej>ikliadwXm@_}rtilws»/_xc¤v|x_µº¸c)~Jejkl»/ctwrt_sr¿u>cws@|s|x>u{ejatihy>r¤rd|xil_sy:atilÐ{:>_srg¹ Ô.
(6) Õ. Ö¼×zØ:ÙÚÛÅܵÝxÞ@ßÞà. Î _`adil_sy>rn¤_§u>ctil~D_sc½~Je¿adctqxr½filf/_À»hceadiad{m_µ¯F/y>rtil_s>c¢±¤~JekáÀ6««µ±°µ±o£ ¼cth©A_srtrt_s>cJk eJ©e|x>kadwvm_srr|xil_sy{|®_sr}m_v«e¬ea£(uh>ck<Áp/y>y>_sc:Äik½~D_o©ªeia _sy eh|s|®_suaejy:a£zesfz_g|¿ej~Jeikliadw/£/m_µu>ctwsrtim_scn|x_¢º¸>cÅbm_µrdhad_xy¬ey{|x_m@_¿~ e¥adpqsrd_h¹ Î_ort>ilr¥adcqsrp>hy>/cwou¬ec¥k eJu>cwsrt_sy{|x_v!|®_¥º¸>cm_v¯Fhy>rdil_s>ckl_v¢cth©A_srtrt_s>c ¯ect|¸¢adil_sy>y>_.áÀ«µ±¥^À³¥n⣰¤ilct_g|®at_s>c!m_ct_g|dp>_scd|dp>_.eã^µ¥«¤ä<'`(¹`6(¹ ¢ejctilr®£z_xarduws|xi¦ejklirad_m_¤k eXm@@y¬ej~Di:>_¥m_sr`å{>im_srÀ:{ey:ati z>_sr_xau>p>wxy>/~Dqxy>_sr y>/yÒklily>wejic_sroejrdrt|xilwsr æfzhcad_®§£milrtrdilu¬eadil/y£1>i©¦>cd|geadilhy£n¹¹l¹¼¹'Î_vk>i¼_§u>ctil~D_ ~D_srct_s~D_sct|xil_s~D_sy:atrk_sru>kl>rrtily{|xqsct_sru/c$esfzhic.e|s|x_suadwh£esf/_g|çej~Jej>ikliadw/£ m1Áèxatct_ceju>uhcad_s>c`m_¤|x_¤~Jejy>rd|xcilam@_¤~Jeadp>qsrt_/¹@Ã¥Äik{fz_x>iklkl_¤>il_sy adc/f/_sc6i|xi k¡Ä_®§u>c_srtrdilhym_~Jeadcqsr¿»/cdey{m_»hceadiad{m_/¹ Î_¤ct_s~v_scd|xil_adhau¬ejcadi|x>klilqsct_s~D_syza¿¯Fhy>rdil_s>c`kl_¢cth©A_srtrt_s>c`±¥(m_sklik ejp4áÀ½ µ²Xéê>¼ëÀ£>milct_s|®ad_s>cm_k<êX¹Á빡¯ejatiqxct_^hy{m_sy>rtws__xa¥¯Fmwsklireadil/ym_sr :@radqs~v_sr}:aeadilradi:>_sr_xact_srtuhy>re>kl_vm.k ehceadhilct_vmC¯ej»/y>w®adilrd~v_b_®am_ k¦e$u>p:rdi:>_m_³¥ejat_sr)¢y>_sct»hil_sr)$k eC©e|x>kadwm_sr rd|xi_xy{|x_sr!m_«ej¬ea£nuh>c k_xrveim_srou>ctwg|xil_s>rt_sro_xaoiy{|xhy{miadilhy>y>_sklk_srg£½rd|xi_xy:adiЬ:>_sro_xao~Dhcejk_srbzÁilk`~Fe eu>uhcatw¿adhaÀej khy>»m_¤|x_¿atcesfheilk<¹@Î_¿adil_sy>rkl>i>adws~Dhil»/y>_scn~Dhy!ehm~Dilcdejatihy£ ~Je»/cdejatilat{m_u/>cµreb|®/~Duw®ad_sy{|x_/£reo»h_sy:atiklkl_srtrd_h£>rebmilrtu/y>il>ilklilatw}_xaµrdhyHm@: y¬e~virt~D_/¹6Ã¥ÁilkÀfz_s>ilklk_H>il_syìadcthfz_scvi|xiµ~Je.rtiy{|xqxct_Hct_g|xhy>y¬ejirtrey>|x_m1esfzhilc eh|s|®_suadw/£¼esfz_g|)e~Jej>ilklilatw/£¢m_oº¸>»h_scv|x_!atcesfheilkµm_Jadp>qsrt_)_xavm1Áèxatct_)~D_s~>ct_)m_ º¸>cz¹ Î_4c_s~D_scd|®i_)adcqsrvu>c/©¦/y{mwx~D_sy:aJ¯Fhy>rdil_s>cv±¤(m{eklk ep&¼¶}6í8£¼¼cth©A_srÅ rt_s>cµ_xa¿~D_s~oct_m4k ehceadhic_}m¯ej»hy>wxadilrt~D__xam_k eou>p:@rti:>_}m_}³¥ejad_sr ¼y>_sc»/il_sr¿}k¦eX©ªeh|x>katwm_srr|xil_sy{|x_xrµm_«ej¬ejag£@m1esfzhilcµe|s|x_suadwh£>esfz_g|ej~Jej>ikliadw/£ m_rtiws»h_sc¤v|x_µºÒ>c)_xam_µº¸>»h_sc¿kl_adcesfheilkÂm_}|®_xatad_adpqsrd_h¹ ±¥§Xu>c_s~Dil_sctr8~v/ilr½m@_`~DhyXrdwºÒ/>c½ejo'`£dº®eji:_sXk¦e|p{ey{|x_m_6ct_sy{|®/y:atct_scs£ eD>>c_e m_¿´o¹:³±¶·¸¯¨£:¯Fhy>rti_x>cÀ_xct»/il«¿·^`±o£zeh|®at>_sklk_s~v_sy:a`ucth©A_srtrt_s>c k¡Ä>y>ifz_scrdiadwm@H^µ³·¸Â·£:>i~FÍe}î(_scakl_¥~Jejy>rd|xctiaÀm_¥reatp>qsrt_¥_xa~Fe©ejila>y _®§uhrdw¤»hwsy>wscdek¬rt>c6k¡Äwg:¬eadil/y!m_@|p>ctïmily>»/_sc`y>hy@ðkliyweilct_/¹Î_k>i¬_®§u>ci~v_¤i|xi ~D_src_s~D_scd|®i_s~v_sy:adrk_sru>kl>rrtiy{|xqxct_srm1esfzhice|s|x_suatw/£esfz_g|vej~Jej>ikliadw/£m1Áèxatct_ k¡Ä>y!m_sr6ceju>u/cÅad_s>crm_¥|x_¿adcesfhejikm_¿adp>qsrt_k_sr`u>kl>r:¬ejklilÐ{wxrÀm{ejy>r`kl_¥mh~Jejiy>_ m_vk e)u>pz@rti z>_Dm_sr}|xhy{m_sy>rejatrX:{ey:ati z>_sr_xau>p>wsy>h~Dqsy>_sry>/y@ðklily>weilct_xrerÅ rt@|xilwsrg¹ ^`_}atcesfheilk'm_adp>qsrt_evwxatwX~v_sy>wm{ejy>r¤y_syzf@ilcthy>y>_s~D_sy:aatctqsr¤|x/yzf@ilfi¦ejkÂ_xa iyzad_sklkl_g|®ad>_sklkl_s~D_sy:a8atctqsr'rtati~>k¦ejy:ag¹Î_6fzh{mcdeilr'adha½m1ÍehcdmXc_s~D_sct|xi_scÂat/>r'k_sr.
(7) Ön×zØ:ÙÚdÛܵÝxÞ@ßÞ@à. ñ. ~D_s~>ct_sr¢mv'`}_xa¼yhae~D~v_sy:a¼|x_s@§o:>i@~FÁhy:a¢©e|xilkiadwÀ~DhybrtwºÒ/>cÀæ/Î/eh|x:>_sr ¯6ꥤ·¸6«£z°¤ilct_g|®ad_x>c6m 86(£:¿/cdeX±°µ±¤éꤷ½ejiyrdi¬:_¥^µejcthk_¿rt_g|xctw®aeilc_sr m'`(¹¯_xcd|xi½ej@§Fu>cth©A_srtrt_s>ctr¿²nfz_sr'/~v_e_®aws¬ejrtatil_sy$áÀejkli¬ejcdmç'`>®£ esfz_g|)kl_srd:>_xkrºejiµ_sk¡Ä@|s|gejrtihym_Hm@ird|x>rtrtil/y>rD©¦ct{|®at>_s>rt_srvrdcv~Dhyatcesf/ejilk m_$atp>qsrt_/¹ê¿yä»hcejy{mã~D_sct|xi}Æ^ciradi ejyò³>_su_z>i~FÍeçî_xcaHk_$~Jejy>rd|xctia m_reDadpqsrd_uhcaey:a¥rt>c¥kl_sr|x/y{m_xy>readrm_bá6/rt_®¸¼ily>rad_sily._xa¥kl_srwg|®/>kl_s~D_syzadr rt>u_scå{>im_srªu>ct_s~Dil_sc4m|x>~D_syzaHm_${ert_®¹À¯F_scd|xiç¯hóp:aec!±m>m{e¸á`_gmi e£ ±¥ct_xôsóiá`h{m{ej/{m£¿³_scÅfzwC³_sycz£¿^`p>iÒâ'>hy>»Æ¼p¬ej~F£µ^µej~Dilklk_¢y¬e>m1£µ¢ej>k ë{cdey{õxhilrg£1¢cti|v>kaejy£1^p>cirat/u>p>_b¯hce@£1Î_ejy$ë¬ecej»h{£±¥kl_scat4«¿hrtrt{£á`k ejr n|dp>_s¬eccti e£{¹¹¹zm_~FÍesfz/ilc`eimw¥}eu>u>c_sy{mct_kl_srnad_g|p>y>i:>_xrm_k<Áily>©Ahct~Jeadi:>_/£ _xaesfz_g|}:>i{ºejiÂu¬ertrtwm_}hy>r¤~Dh~D_sy:adru_sy{m>ey:a¤k eDm>ctws_Xm_Xk evu>ctwsu¬ejceadilhy m_~ eadp>qsrt_XejF'`.rejkkl_X°¥|gÊÈ®¹{¯F_scd|xiÂv°ejy>il_skÂ_X¯Fzek1_xa¤«µ_s~4'/cÅadil_sc m!rt_scf@i|x_¥ily>©Ahct~Jeadi:>_/£_xaµXk<Áwg:>ilu_m_¥k eX>il>klilhadpqg:>_m)mwsu¬ecÅad_s~v_sy:aµm_ u>p:@rti:>_}m_k¡Í6(¹ ÎÍei(_s!k¡Ä@|s|gejrtihyHm@_y>h~o>ct_srd_srÀmird|x>rtrtil/y>rÀiyzadwsc_srdrejy:ad_xrµrt>c~Dhy!rdhºÒ_xa m_6adp>qxrd_Àesfz_g|6u>kl>rti_x>ctr½u>cth©A_srtrt_s>cr½_xa½|p>_scd|dp>_s>ctr½m»/c/>u_¢ö±µadh~D_sr'©Acthimrö m!k¦ejhceadhic_¶}ejrtatk_xcµá`cthrtrt_sk¢'¶}áÀ6m_¥k<6¥(£y>aej~D~D_syzaÎ_ejy4°ejkli{ectm1£ ^pctilrtat/u>p_@ekl/~v/y£z°egfi mJ÷>wscÅ:Åém_sklily£zë8khcti ejy)@|dp>ct_g|ó£h´ily{|x_xy:aá`c_xadily£ ë{cwgmwscti|X^p>_®fz£Î>kli_sy^>>ilôshklk_srg¹(Î_kl_src_s~D_sct|xi_at/>rµatctqsrµf@ifz_s~v_sy:a¹ Î_ati_sy>r_®§u>ctil~D_scadhad_~ eoc_srtu_g|®ad>_x>rd_»/cdejatilat{m_}v¯Fhy>rdil_s>cµkl_}¼c ©A_srtrt_s>c¿±¥(m_skl~JejºÒi mán'¯F±³¤·£>k<Á_®§¸°¤z_syFm_}k eb©e|x>kadwXm_X¯F_gm_g|xily>_}_xa¤m_ ¼p¬ejct~ eh|xil_¤m_¥«e¬ea`uh>c6rt_sr6_xy{|x/>cde»h_s~D_xy:adr`_xa6re»/_syzadilkkl_srtrt_/¹@Ã¥Áilk{f/_s>ilkkl_ >il_syHatcthfz_scµi |xi1k¡Ä_®§u>c_srdrtilhym_~Jef@ifz_ct_g|®/y>y¬ejilrdrejy{|x_/¹ ¯F_srf@il©Ar}ct_s~D_xcd|xil_s~D_sy:atr}rÍehm@ct_srtrt_sy:aXwx»:ejk_x~D_sy:aoH¯ehm{ej~D_Dkl_J¼cth©A_srtrt_s>c X¹1³±ÎzαΣ(k<Íeh|®at>_skn°¤z_sy$m_bk eJ©eh|®>klatwvm_D¯F_gm_g|xily>_b_xa}m@_D¼p¬ejct~ eh|xil_vm_ «e¬ea¹(¯F_scd|®i¢vat/>r¥~v_sr|xhklkqs»h>_sr¥_xaej~Dilrm_Xk¦eD©e|x>kadwom_o¯F_gm_g|xily>_o_xam_ ¼p¬ejct~ eh|xil_m_«e¬ea£hy>aej~D~D_sy:a¼k_sr¼u>cth©A_srtrt_s>ctræh±¥(m_sklóejctil~ø^µ³¤á·Å^µ³¥nᥣ °¤ic_g|®ad_scm@_y>adc_Xk¦ejhceadhic_om_oá`il/u>p:rdi:>_h£¯F/p{e~D~v_gmn³±>±¤·£ °¤ic_g|®ad_sc)mÓk ej/cdejat/ilct_.m_C^6adhkl/»hil_®¸¼~o>cÅzhkh»hi_/£µé¥~Jejc4^µ³¥éꤶ±·¸«·£ ¯F/p¬ej~D~D_sm4áµéꥫ¤Îzéê±¥¿£(¹l¹¹(¹>¯F_scd|xio¥ejº¸il¬e@£@rd_s|xctwxaeilct_mH°¥z_xy4_xa¿ k<Áwg:>ilu_m)rd_xcf@i|x_m@4u_scrdhy>y>_sk_sy>rt_sil»/y¬ejy:am@_k e©e|x>kadwm@_}¯F_gm_g|®iy>__xa¿m_ ¼p¬ejct~ eh|xil_}m_«ej¬ea¹ Î_Hct_x~D_scd|xil_Hat/>rDkl_sr ~D_s~>ct_sr m@k ehceadhic_m&¯.ej»hy>wxadilrt~D_F_xaJm_Hk e u>p:@rti:>_Jm_!³¥ejad_sro¢y>_sct»hil_srb4k eH©e|x>kadwJm_srXr|®i_sy{|®_srom_!«e{ejauh>cXkl_s>c.
(8) rt/ati_syÓily{|xhy{miadil/y>y>_xkbæ6±o¹á`_sy://>rtrt_s©¸£n¹áÀejp>~Jem1£À³}¹À¢ô®Åí1ejp>cej/z£¯¨¹ />klimi¡£{_xa±o¹¬¼k¶_sy>ô/¹¬¯_xcd|xi8b~D_sr|x/klklqs»/>_xr¯¨¹{â½ejù¡iÂ_xa¤¶v¹(÷>_xctcejh>i'm_ k¦e©eh|®>klatw}m_sr¿rd|xil_sy{|x_srm_}«¤ej¬ea¤z>i1~FÁhy:a¿ily>iadilwXejFmws>am_|x_atcesfheilkÂok e u>cth»/cde~v~JejatihyHu¬ejc`öXë{hcatcejy@ú¹ Î_Crdir4adctqsrHc_g|x/y>y{eilrtrejy:aF_sy:fz_scrF~v_srej~Dilrm_¨½ecirH_xaFu>kl>rFu¬ejcati |x@ kilqsc_s~D_sy:a¯F_sklk_/¹1¥ejôsilp¬e!¶p¬ejct¬e|p>i<£1¯F>raeju>p¬e)饬ep>im1£¯hp¬ej~D~D_gm·Òrt~Jejp _xaomejadct_xr£Âm_ ~FÍegf//ilc}rt/at_sy¾m{ejy>rXk_srX~Dh~D_syzadrXkl_srXu>kl>romwxki|geadrg¹½Ã¥Áilkr adcthf/_sy:ai|xi~v_srµf@il©Arc_s~D_scd|®i_s~v_sy:adrg¹ Î_oadil_sy>r_syÐ{y!ct_s~D_xcd|xil_scadcqsrfilf/_s~D_sy:aad/r}|x_s@§$:>i<£u¬eckl_s>crXeim_srg£ _sy{|xh>cej»/_s~v_sy:adr_xart/ati_syr£(/y:amilct_g|®at_s~D_sy:a/.iy{m@ic_g|®ad_s~D_xy:a}|xhy:adci>>wD k¦ectws>rtrtiad_Hm_H|x_)adcdegfhejikµm_)adp>qxrd_/¹¼êyì»hcejy{m~D_scd|®i~Je©A_s~D~D_)uh>cvrt/y rt/ati_syHily>_sradil~Jej>k__xa¤:hati mil_sy¹.
(9) û PQüþý1ÿ *ÿ\ . PòTìYFÿ\.
(10)
(11) !" # %$ &!'(
(12) #*)+,
(13) '.-/
(14) )+1023*)+ 4$5.&67 80 "
(15) 9:&!: #&!)+, ;
(16) =< ?>@BADCFEHGICKJML.NOG PQJ>IR*SDTKUVG;CKJMLWAXN*TKUYEZJMLXAXNBLX[\U]GICKJML.AXN^-02< Èh¹È °¤_srd|xctiluadilhyFraeadilradi:>_}m_sr¿»:ejôu¬ec©ejilatr :¬ejy:ati z>_srH¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ Èh¹Èh¹È ë{hy{|®adil/yFm_u¬ejcadiadilhyF»hcejy{mÒ|gejy>/yi :_ò¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ Èh¹Èh¹Ê :aeadilradi:>_sr¤m@_sr»zejô}u¬ejct©ªeiadr:¬ejy:adi:>_sr ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ Èh¹Ê ë>/c~o>k ejatihyFm_k¦eb|x/y{m_xy>readilhym_Xán¸ ¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ Èh¹ Ô ^hy{m_sy>readil/y)m_á¼Åçm_¤»:ejô¥imwek(m_á6/rt_m{ejy>rÀm_srÀ|xhyÐ{y>_® ~D_syzadr Ô ° ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ Èh¹ Ô ¹È ^hy{m_sy>readil/ym_Xá`hrt_®¸¼ily>rad_silym{ejy>r¿>y>_}Iaad_ ¹}¹}¹X¹ Èh¹ Ô ¹Ê ^hy{m_sy>readil/ym_Xán¸Æm{ejy>r>yHu>ilqs»h_}p¬ejct~Dhy>i:>_ƹ}¹X¹ Èh¹ÁÌ ^`/y{m_xy>readilhy$m_bá¼ÅÓm_»zejôoimwejk½m_bá6/rt_om_omil~D_sy>rtil/yily@ ©Awxctil_s>ct_XoatcthirX¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ Èh¹ÁÌ>¹È ¼ilqs»/_xrp¬ec~Dhy>i z>_sr¥Êh°Q_xa}È° ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ Èh¹ÁÌ>¹Ê ÷eôimwejkm_hrt/y>r¿|x/yÐ{yw}m{ejy>rµ>y>_Haad_>i1_®a¿>y>i mi~v_sy>rtihy>_skl_b¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ Èh¹dc ^`/y{|®k>rtil/y£¬«µwekliadw}m_k¦eb|x/y{m@_sy>rejadilhym_Xán¸ ¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ M /@eUTFCf[\U]GICKJMLWAXN5[JgLhAXNBLX[\UVG[(AXN^-02jik*< Ê@¹È ¢ctwsrt_sy:aeadilhyã¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ Ê@¹Ê «µ_s©Ac/imilrtrd_x~D_sy:au¬ejc¿u>ilws»/_ge»h_}~Jej»/y>w®adjÒhuati :>_ ¡n¯$é ¹}¹X¹ Ê@¹Ê@¹È «µ_s©Acthimirtrt_s~D_syzak¦ejrt_scg£>uiws»h_ej»/_}y>hyFmirtrtilu¬ejati©¹}¹}¹}¹X¹ b. . M Mñ ÊH_ HÊ _ Ê Ë HÊ ` ÔÊ. ÔÊ OÔ b ÌOc OÌ c Ì/Ë ÌZ` ñi cÔ clc clc.
(17) n½Ö opDqsrtqvuxwÖvn1y2z|{qvu m. Ê@¹Ê@¹Ê ¢iwx»/_ej»h_}~Jej»/y>wxad:>_¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ cH_ Ê@¹Ê@¹ Ô â6@u_srm_u>ilws»/_xr~Jej»/y>wxad:>_sr ¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ cË Ê@¹Ê@¹ÁÌ n¯.éo¹>_xa¿rd_sikÂm_}|xhy{m_sy>readilhy ¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ b Ç Ê@¹ Ô «µ_s©Ac/imilrdrt_s~v_sy:awxfheuhceadil©ì¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ b Ç Ê@¹ Ô ¹È ¼ctwsrt_syzaejatil/yƹ}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ b È Ê@¹ Ô ¹Ê ¼ct|x_srtrt>r¤m1Äwxf/ejuhceadil/y ¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ b Ê Ê@¹ Ô ¹ Ô °¤@y{e~Di:>_}m_k<Áwxfheuhceadilhy#¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ b Ì Ê@¹ Ô ¹ÁÌ ¢fzhkladil/y ad_s~Duhct_sklkl_m_¤y£zf£z_xaµ°e!|xh>ctrÀm@!c_s©Acthi mirtrt_s~D_syzawxfheuhceadil©*¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ b ` Ê@¹ Ô ¹dc ^Àejr¤m_ η } |xhy>raejy:a ¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ ËÈ Ê@¹ Ô ¹~_ «¿wx»/il~D_}m1Á_s~¬eklkl_s~D_sy:a¿_xart_s>ilkÂm_}|xhy{m_sy>rejatihym_Xán¸ Ë Ô Ê@¹ÁÌ é¥>rt_scfheadil/yFmilct_g|®at_Xm_sr|xhy{m_sy>readr¤m_Xán¸ Ô °Qmilk>wsr¿_xa¿Ð{y>iµ¹ Ël_ Ê@¹ÁÌ>¹È ¢aeju_sr_®§@uwsctil~D_sy:aekl_sr ¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ Ël_ Ê@¹ÁÌ>¹Ê é¥>rd_xcfhejatihymilct_s|®ad_}m_}|xhy{m_sy>rejatr¤m_Xán¸ Ô ° ¹}¹X¹}¹ Ël` Ê@¹dc ^`/y{|xkl>rtil/y£>y>/@fz_ej@§Fm@/~Jejily>_sr¤m_ct_s|p>_scd|dp>_ç¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ `/Ê i "N5[EO>ICfhG;CKJMLAhXLhURCf +ShNAXN5[ EZJMLXAhN]Lh[\UVG[ AXN"-02+@5 +ShU]GICKJMLAhN >JM[[0CGUVNOh[+CFC, 02t ñ Ô ¹È ^`/klklirtil/y>r>ily¬ejic_sr_sy:atct_hrt/y>r¤ejat/~vi :_sr¥adcqsr¿¬ejrdrt_wsy>_sc¸ »hi_ ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ `l_ Ô ¹Èh¹È ^hkklilrtihy>r¤wxk¦ejradi:>_sr¿>iy¬ejilct_srXæ>mwsrd|xctiluadil/yH»/wxy>wscejk_4¹}¹ ` b Ô ¹Èh¹Ê ^`/klklirtil/y>rµwsk eradi:>_srµ>ily¬ejic_sr¿m{ey>rÀk_|gerµm1Á>y)uhat_sy@ adil_skÂ|x_sy:atcejk¿¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ÈsÇhÇ Ô ¹Ê ·ðy:adwscdeh|adil/yFm_}|xhy:ae|®a£>u>rt_s{m@/uad_sy:ati_xkÂ_sy δ m_X°¤icdeh|#¹}¹}¹X¹çÈgÇZc Ô ¹Ê@¹È °¥wxat_sct~Dily¬eadil/yom_ f _xa σ m{ejy>r8k_|gejr¢m_ V _®a½u/>c k¡Ä/y{m_ s ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹çÈgÇ b Ô ¹ Ô nz¬ejatihyFm_o÷¥cthrdrŸ¼iaej_xf@rtóili1¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ÈsÇl` Ô ¹ Ô ¹È n:¬eadil/yFm_÷cthrtrŸ¼iaej_xf@rtóiliraeadil/y>y¬ejilct_ ¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ÈhÈsÇ Ô ¹ Ô ¹Ê n:¬eadil/yFm_÷cthrtrŸ¼iaej_xf@rtóiliÂmwsu_sy{m{ejy:a¤m4ad_s~Du>rJ¹}¹ÈhÈ Ô Ô ¹ÁÌ ë{hct~v_p:@mct@m@y¬e~vi z>_Xm_k<Í`÷mwxu(_xy{m{eyza¤m4ad_s~Du>rg£@fzhcÅ ad_®§)_xa¿f@iad_xrdrt_}mHrt/y ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ÈhÈsË Ô ¹ÁÌ>¹È ë{hct~D_pzmctm@@y¬ej~Di:>_Xm_k<6÷mwsu_xy{m{eyza¥m4ad_x~Du>r'ÈhÈsË Ô ¹ÁÌ>¹Ê ´6hcat_®§H:¬ejy:ati :_sr¥¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ÈhÈ\` Ô ¹ÁÌ>¹ Ô 6Íeh|®/>radi:>_}m{ejy>rk<Áwg:¬eadilhym_÷ ¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ÈgÊ@È Ô ¹ÁÌ>¹ÁÌ >u_scå{>imiadw}_xa¤|®ctiadqsct_}m@_}8ejy{m{ej ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹ÈgÊhÊ k.
(18) n¢Ö opDqrqvuxwÖvn1y2z|{qvu. . Ô ¹dc ½ î_xa¼m_xr¢iyzadwsce|®atihy>r¢_sy:atct_µejat/~D_xr¼m{ejy>r¢>yb|x/y{m@_sy>reja¼m_¿án¸ u>ilws»hwä¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈÊlc Ô ¹dc@¹È :aej>ikliadw}m_sr¤|®/y{m_xy>readr¤m@_á¼Å ¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈÊlc Ô ¹dc@¹Ê ^hy:adc/kl_}m_ a £ctwsrthy¬ey>|x_sr¤m_}ë{_srtp¬e|p ¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹çÈ Ô Ç Ô ¹dc@¹ Ô ±¥u>u>ctg§il~Jeadil/yFm_}âÀp>/~ erÅÒë{_sc~Di1u/c g > 0 ¹}¹}¹X¹çÈ Ô Ê Ô ¹dc@¹ÁÌ /y>»h>_s>cm_ct_sk e§{eadil/yH/Fm_}|xhp>wsct_sy>|x_ ξ ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹çÈ Ô c Ô ¹~_ ¼:¬ejatihyFm_÷Æ_xa¿_®§uwsctil_sy{|x_h£(^`/y{|xkl>rtil/y ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈ Ô _. Õ. \6 # $ )X
(19) &! (
(20) *) /)*
(21) *
(22) *) ";)X)6,
(23) /"*) (
(24) #*)+, -02"&6 ¡ v¢ ¤£¢¢)20e*<g5i ) JMTFCKGJMLX[¥>ICf[NOG¡¦hJMLhJMLX[AXULX[¢SDLsEZJMLXAXNBLX[\U]GAXN-02%ADCTFS+@ ShU[C§0e:NOG ElJgL+¨Lh@^AXULX[SDLWDCf©e¥N*LhJMLD¦hUk>IR=JgLXCF ShN< Õ Ì>¹È hklilat/y>r»hctilrÀm{ejy>r`>y)|xhy{m_sy>reaµm@_án¸¾mikl>w/£:ctwsu>krtil©¸£:¬ejrdi Èg°Q_xa¿iy@Ð{y>i#¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈsÌzÊ Ì>¹Ê hklilat/y>rµ»hctilrµ_®aµu>p>hy>/y>r¿m>ey>rÀ>yH|xhy{m_sy>ream_án¸ìz¬erti È° _xa|x/yÐ{ywXm{ejy>ryFu>ilqs»h_}y>hy>p¬ejct~Dhy>i:>_ ¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈsÌhÌ Ì>¹Ê@¹È ë{hct~D_»/wsh~Dwxatcti:>_}m_}uiqs»h_sry>hy>p¬ejct~Dhy>i:>_srXÈg° ¹X¹çÈsÌhÌ Ì>¹Ê@¹Ê hkladil/y>ry>~Dwxcti:>_srÀm_¤k<`÷ Èg°òesfz_g|>y!uad_sy:ati_xk u>iqx»/_y>/y>p{ect~v/y>i:>_Dæhkiat/y>r»hctilr¿_xau>p>hy>/yr ¹}¹X¹çÈsÌOc Ì>¹Ê@¹ Ô nÁhctil»/ily>_}up:@rti z>_Xm@_}k<Áws~virtrtil/yFm_u>p>hy>/yr ¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈsÌZ` Ì>¹Ê@¹ÁÌ ¼~Dilrtrtihy}m_¼u>p>/y/y>rÂ_®a©Ahct~D_¢y>/y>p¬ejct~v/y>i:>_nm}u>ilqs»h_ È° ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈc Ô Ì>¹ Ô ^`/y{|®k>rtil/y¾¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈclc. ñ ?>J+A¡SXElG;CKJMLªAXN.[\JgTFCGJMLX[x¥>ICf[l#AXN.¡¦hJMLhJMLX[^NOGY¡¦h@BLhJMR=©BLhN.AXN ADCF[[CfhUVG;CKJML«AhULX[SDL.EZJMLXAXNBLX[\UVGAXN^-02 +S+U[C§0e*< ñ¬ c@¹È ^`ctweadil/y m_¿rthkiadhy>r6»hctilrn_xa`m_¿u>p>hy>hy>r`m{ejy>r6>y |xhy{m_sy>rea`m_ án¸Æ:¬ejrdi Èg° ¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈcH` c@¹Èh¹È °¥_xr|xciluadil/yCm@@y¬ej~Di z>_DmC|xhy{m_sy>rea}_xyCu>cwsrt_sy{|x_vm_ k¡Ä/>raeh|xkl_/rd|xilkk ejy:a ¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈcH` c@¹Èh¹Ê «µwsrdklaejatr4y>~Dwsci z>_srCæ¿^cwejatil/yäm_.rt/kliad/yrH»hctilr4_xa u>p>/y/y>r ¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹çÈ_hÇ.
(25) 5. n½Ö opDqsrtqvuxwÖvn1y2z|{qvu. c@¹Ê `^ h~Du/cÅad_s~D_syza¼rt>u_scå>>i m_À_xa¼mirtrtilu¬ejati©mv|xhy{m_sy>reanm_¿án¸ :¬ejrtiÈg° ¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹È\_ Ô c@¹ Ô ·ðy:ad_scu>ctwxaejatihyXejy¬ekati :>_nm}|xh~Du/cÅad_s~D_syza':¬ejrtiðrt>u_scÅå{>i m@_ mF|xhy{m_sy>rea¥m_Xán¸Æ:¬ejrdi Èg°b»hcejy{m_sr v ¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹È\_hË c@¹ÁÌ ^`/y{|xkl>rtil/y ¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹X¹}¹}¹}¹X¹}¹È b Ç (
(26) x &6)
(27) # &6 ¬ ¢-t&! ,
(28) *) ¬i -t-t&!
(29) "¢ ¬¬ñ.
(30) ® RøT4YFZ°¯²±¨T1ZR. ' eJu>p:@rti:>_v:¬ejy:ati z>_H`~Dwg|gejy>i z>_v_xaraeadilradi:>_v:{ey:ati z>_e)eh|x|x/~o u>klim_su>>ilr kl_srJejy>y>ws_srÈ\`/ÊhÇC_®a}º¸>rd:1.y>/rº¸h>ctr m_srDu>c/»hctqxr c_s~Ject:¬ej>kl_sr ej>rdrti>il_syFm{ejy>rµkl_m/~ eily>_©Ahy{m{ej~D_sy:aejkzeju>u>kli z>w/£»/cdÏh|x_}k¡Äily:adctm{|®atihy _xaej4mwxfz_sklhu>u_s~D_sy:aesfz_g|¥rt{|s|xqsr¿m_|xhy{|x_suatr¿:¬ejy:adi:>_srÀy>/@fz_ej@§!at_skrµ:>_ kl_Xrtu>ily£{kl_sr/rthy>r¤_xa©A_sc~Dihy>rg£{kl_}u>ctily{|xilu_m1Ä_®§>|xkl>rtihym_X¢ej>ki<£{k evr@~Dw®adcti rejatihyH_xa¤ey:atiðr@~vwxadctilrejatil/yFm_k eo©Ahy{|®adilhym1Ä/y{m_}mws|xctif/ejy:a¿ct_srtu_g|®adifz_x~D_sy:a m_srr@radqs~D_srm_v/rthy>r}hm_v©A_sc~Dil/y>rim_sy:adi:>_xr ¹¹l¹1_®a|h¹1Â_brd{|x|xqsrXm_D|®_sr |xhy{|x_suadrg£½m_!y{ejat>ct_!u>ct_s~D_syzav:¬ejy:ati z>_/£¢eFwxadw)k<Áhctil»/ily>_)m_!k<Áily:at_sctu>ctw®ae adilhy£@k¦e|x/~Ductwsp>_sy>rtil/y)_xaµk¦euctwgmi|®adilhyHm_uk>rtil_s>ctrµu>p>wxy>/~Dqxy>_srµu>p:@rti:>_srg£ ej>rdrtii_syb~Jeh|®cthr|xhu>i:>_srn:>_À~Di|xcthrd|xhu>i :_srg¹z¢ejct~vi>|x_xr¼u>p>wsy>h~Dqsy>_srg£y>h>r ceju>u_skl/y>ræ@k eo|xhy{m{|®atilfilatwwskl_g|®adci :__xaadp>_sc~Di z>_m_srÀ~Dwxaej@§1£k_xrµu>c/u>ciw adwsrm_srrt_s~Di Ò|xhy{m{|®at_s>ctr_®a}m_srr@radqs~D_xr~Jej»/ywxadi:>_srg£kl_bceszhy>y>_s~D_syza}m |xhctu>ry>hilcg£k eJ|xhy{m_sy>rejatihy$m_bá`/rt_®¸¢iy>rat_siy£k¦eDrd>u_xcå{>imiadw/£(k e rt>u>ce|x/y m{|®atilf@iatw/£¹¹¹_xad|h¹ âÂ/at_s©Ahirg£k eb|xhy{m_sy>readil/yFm_}á`hrt_®¸¼ily>rad_sily¨<án¸`£rthº¸_®a¿u>ctily{|xilu¬ekm_|x_ ~Dws~Dhilct_}m_adp>qsrt_/£ebwxatw}iy>iati¦ejkl_s~D_sy:a¤u>ctwsmilat_}_sy¨È`/Êlcvu¬ec¤¼ily>rad_sily´³lȵð£{m{ejy>r >yç»zeô!u¬ejct©ªeiavm_!hrt/yrDeadh~Di z>_sroim_sy:adi:>_xrb_sy>©A_sc~Dwsrbm{ejy>ro>y>_!»/cdey>m_ Haat_ Ô °£_xaÀ_sy!wg:>ilkli>c_¥adp>_sc~D@m@y¬e~vi :_X>y>_¤ad_s~Duwscdejat>ct_ T adctqxrÀ¬ejrtrd_ _xa'iy>©¦wsctil_s>ct_¿>y>_nfhejk_x>c8|xctiadi:>_ T T ≤ T ®¹j^_xaad_6u>cwgmi|®adil/yoe¿wxatw6ily>rtu>icws_ u¬ejcÀ¼ily>rad_sily!m_sr`atcesfhe@§ mXº¸_s>y_¥u>p:@rti|xil_sy!_sy>»zejki1(¹}¹@á6/rt_e|s|x/~vu>kilr_sy È\`zÊjÌ{£_xaµm{ejy>rÀkl_srd:>_sklr¿á`hrd_esf/ejiaµraejatiradi:>_x~D_sy:aÀily:ad_xctu>ctwxatw¥k_¥ceszhy>y>_s~D_xy:a mF|x/cu>r¿y>/ilc¿_syF|x/yrdimwscdey:akl_sru>p>adhy>r¤|xh~D~D_m_srhrt/y>rm_~Jertrt_y>klkl_ ³ÍÊ;µð¹¼ily>rad_silyXm{ejy>rÂreÀuctwgmi|®adilhyX»hwsy>wscejklireµkl_srÂctwxrd>kaeadr'm_n|x_sradcdegfhej@§}m_6á`hrd_ u/cm_srhrt/y>rm_~Jejrdrt_y>hyHy>klk_h£¬|xh~D~D_k_}|gejrm_srhrt/y>r¤ejat/~Di:>_srg¹ 'e.|®/y{m_xy>readilhyÆm_FἸ¿£½up>wsy>/~vqsy>_Hm]¶Æk¦ey¬ejat>ct_)rtaejatirati z>_4:¬ey adi:>_m_srH/rthy>rg£eu>u{ecde;aa£¿m1Íeu>cqsr¼ily>rtat_sily£µkhctrd:>_Ck eklhy>»/>_x>cm1Ä/y>m_ ÈhÈ c. c.
(31) M. ydÙÚÝxÞ·M¸M¹ÚºÞ@Ù. adp>_sc~Di:>_m_m_¨á`cth»/klil_ λ m_xfi_syzam_Ck<Áhcdmc_¨m_$k¦eìmilraejy{|x_~v/_sy>y>_ iyzad_scu¬ecÅadi|x>kl_ d ∼ n n wxaeyza6k¦em_sy>rtiadw¿rdu¬eadi ejk_¤mD»zeô¿/rthy>i z>_¥|xhy>rti mwsctw£|hÁ_xrtaŸÒmilct_kl/crzÁhyDeatat_siyza¢kl_Àctwx»/il~D_Àm_k¦e¥m@ws»/wsy>wxct_srd|x_sy{|x_µ:¬ejy:adi:>_ mwxÐ{y>iu¬ejckl_|xcilatqsct_¥:¬ejy:adiaeadil©Âm¼ily>rad_sily.æ nλ ' 2.612 uh>c T ≤ T £@egf/_g| £ m wxaejy:a¿k¦eo~ ertrt_m1Á>y4/rthyejat/~Di:>_h£ k k¦eb|xhy>raejy:ad_ h λ =√ m_Cá`hkadôs~J2πmk ejy>y _xTa h k eç|xhy>raejy:ad_.m_C¼k ejy{|ó(¹µ°¤Óu/ily:aHm_f@>_.raeadilradi:>_ :¬ejy:adi:>_/£>kl/crz>_ T < T £>y>_}©Acdeh|®atil/yH~Jeh|xc/rd|xhu>i:>_XmHy>/~>ct_adaejkÂm_ /rthy>rvrge|s|x>~>k_4m{ejy>rbk_)~vès~D_)_®av>y>i:>_)wxaeav©¦/y{m>e~D_syzaejkµm1Äwsy>_sct»hil_4k e u>kl>r`¬ertrt_¥m rtrtatqs~D_hrdhy>i:>_¥|x/yrdimwscw/¹@°ey>r`|x_xawxaeja`:¬eyzadi:>_¤~Je|xc rd|x/u>i:>_/£Âeju>u_skwvwxaeaX|x/y>m_sy>rtwD/|xhy{m_sy>ream_ án¸¿£k_xr}u¬e:>_xatrXm1Áhy{m_srg£ ertrt@|®iwsr4ej@§&hrdhy>r!ily{mif@i m_skrg£`rt_c_g|x/@f@ct_sy:a!_sy:atct__s@§&_sy&©Ahct~Jejy:a!>y>_ rt_s>k_o/y{m_b:¬ejy:adi:>_o~Je|xcthrd|x/u>i:>_v|xhp>wsc_sy:ad_veu>u_sklws_bhy{m_vm$|x/y>m_sy>reja m_ván¸¿¹âÂ/at_s©Ahirg£(ilk¼eJwxatw¥º¸>radiÐ{wb:>_ok¦e ctwejkilreadil/yCm_ok e!|xhy{m_sy>readil/y£(_xa u¬ec¼ejilkkl_s>crg£hmb|x/y{m_xy>rea¼m_¿á¼¸$m{ey>r½>yb»zejôÀu¬ejct©ejianm@_Àhrdhy>rneadh~Di:>_srn adctqxr¼¬ertrt_Àad_x~Duwscead>c_/£h_sra¼u>ceadi:>_s~D_syzanil~Duhrtrdil>kl_/¹^`_g|xi_sra6m]¶ ejv©ejia6:>_ |x_xatat_ctwejklireadil/y4y>wg|x_srtrtilat_/£>m1eju>ctqsrµkl_|xctiadqsc_m1¢iyrtat_sily£>m_srm@_sy>rtilatwsr¿wskl_xf/ws_sr m_Xk<Áhcdmc_m_X|x_sklk_m_}k¡Äp>wskli>~ kli :>im_! n = 10 eadh~D_srÉ~ ¿ T ∼ 2 ¶_xa m1Á>yDhcdmct_¿rt>uwsctil_s>c`|x_skkl_¤m_¿k¡Íeilc6:>i{y>h>r6_sy:at/ct_X n ' 10 eadh~D_srÉ~ ®¹ °¥_ou>kl>rg£1!m@_srat_s~Duwscdejadct_srm_ok¡Ä/ctmct_bm_o»hcejy{m_s>cm_b|x_sklk_bm_ok¡Äp>wskli>~ kli :>im_H T ∼ 2 ¶X®£at/rk_sr»zeôvm@_bk¦eJy¬ead>c_brt_brt/klimilÐ{_xy:a¹{ö ^Á_xrtay>_v_xkkl_ adp>wshctil_/£¬~ eilr¥|xhctc_srtu/y{mð_sklkl_bvk eDctwgekliadwX»}ú^Ä_sra¤u¬ec¤|x_sr¤~Dadr¤:¢iyrtat_siy mwg|xctif@iaDrd_srbadcdegfhej@§ìm{ey>rD>y_Hkl_xatatct_F.rt/ye~vi¼p>ct_xy>©A_sra³ Ô µð£nesfheyzaJm@_Hrt_ mwxadh>cty>_xcm_}|x_}|p¬e~vuFm_ct_g|p_scd|p>_/¹ 'e u>ctwsmi |®atihy$m_ok e!|®/y{m_syreadilhyCm_ohrt/yr}eadh~Di:>_sru¬ejc¼ily>rad_sily._sra ct_sradwx_v|xhy:adcf/_sctrtws_o_xa~X@radwsci_srd_¥º¸>rd:Ä_syìÈ\` Ô Ë>£m{ejat_vm_bk e!mwg|xhfz_scÅad_vm_ k¦e$rt>u_scå{>imiadwm_Hk¡Äp>wskli>~ kli:>im_u¬ejcJ¶}eju>ilatôe.³ Ìlµ¡£n±¥klkl_sy_xa)¯Filrt_sy>_sc^³~c;µð¹ /y{mhyx³¼_Hµ(ct_x~Ject:¬eX:>_¤k¦eat_s~Duwscead>c_m_¤k¦eadcdey>rtiadilhy)m_¥k<Áp>wsklil>~ørt>u_scÅ å{>im_/£ T = 2.2 ¶v£¬_srac_s~Ject:¬ej>k_x~D_sy:a¥u>ct|p>_om_k eDad_x~Duwscead>c__sradil~Dws_ m_vk e4|®/y{m_syreadilhy¨m_ án¸äm1Ä>yC»zeôvu¬ejct©ªeiaXm_b~Dès~D_vm_sy>rtiadwD:>_bk¡Äp>wskli>~ ki:>im_/£ T = 3.2 ¶v£_xaws~Diak<Áimws_Dz>_vkl_sr}m_x@§$u>p>wsy>h~Dqsy>_xrwxaeji_xy:a}c_skilwsrg¹ nÁimws_m_hy{mhy_sraJkl_Fuhiyza!m_mwsu{ecÅa!m_Hat/at_sr kl_srDadp>wshctil_sr ~Dm_scty>_sr rt>cÀk<Áp>wsklil>~,kli:>im_/¹{^_su_sy>m{ey:ag£k e|x/y>y_®§il/y4_syzadct_k eo|®/y{m_xy>readilhyFm@_án¸ _xa k¦e$rt>u_scå>>i miadwFyÁ_xrta u¬ejr wxf@im_syzad_/¹6'e$rt>u_scå>>i miadw¾¡ej>rt_sy{|x_Hadaejkl_m_ f@ilr|®/rtiadwm_ k<Ápwskil>~ kli z>i m_ _sract_xkilws_!e@§ily:at_sce|®adilhy>r©Ahcat_srX_sy:atct_ u¬ejcadi dB. −1/3. 3 dB. c. dB. B. B. c. 27. 3. 22. s. s. 3.
(32) Bi. yÙÚÝxÞ·M¸M¹ÚºÞ@Ù. |x>kl_srg£(eklhctr¥:¢iyrtat_siy|xhy>rti m@wscejila¥>y»zeôXu¬ejct©ejia¹(°¤_Xu>kl>rg£¬kl_sr¤_®§uwsctil_sy{|x_sr m_miîrdilhy m_y>_xadcthy>r!m{eyr!k<Áp>wsklil>~ ki:>im_. T = 0 ¶ ehadilrtrd_xy:a4 >y>_X©Acdeh|®atil/y|xhy{m_sy>rtws_y>_mwsu¬ejrtrey:a¥u{erÈsÇe½ v¬ejrtrt_u>c_srtrdilhy£(ejkhctr¥:Ä/y u>ctwgm@ilaÀ:>_¤at/>rkl_srhrdhy>rµeadh~Di z>_srrdhy:aÀ|xhy{m_sy>rtwsrÀuh>cy!»zeô¥u¬ejct©ªeiaµm_ ad_s~vuwscead>ct_y:>kkl_/¹ âÂ/at_s©Ahirg£gk¦eµmwg|xhfz_scat_`m@_6k eµrt>u_scå{>imiadw6~ ect:¬eµkl_6mws>a8m1Á>y>_nily:ad_syrd_ e|®adif@iadw¥e>rtrti{>il_syDadp>wshcti:>_¤:Ä_®§uwsci~D_xy:aejk_¿f@ilrejy:aÀwg|xk ejict|xilc`kl_sr6cdeu>uhcatr _sy:atct_4rt>u_scå>>i miadw4_xa |xhy{m_sy>readil/yÆm_Ἰm{ejy>rDk<Ápwskil>~#ki:>im_/¹¼·ðkµ_sra y>ad_scD.|x_4u>c/uhrD:>_Hm@_4ct_s~ ect:¬ej>k_srDm@wxfz_skl/u>u_x~D_sy:adrDm{ejy>rD|x_Hmh~Jejily>_ m_c_g|p>_sct|p>_$esfheji_syza4|xhy{m>iaHk<Áily:adc@m>|®adil/y m_y>hfz_ge@§Ó|®/y{|x_xuadrg£6at_sklr :>_ æ{k ebf@iad_srtrt_|xcilati z>_Xily:adc@m>iad_Xu{ec¤'ejy{m{em>ey>rrdhy©ªe~v_s@§F|xctiadqsc_³ b µð£ u>p>hy>/y>r)_xa!filat_srtrd_.m rthy u>cwgmiadr)u¬ejc4á`/»hhkil>f¾³ÄËHµ¡£:¬ejy:adiЬ|geadil/yãm@_sr fzhcat_®§&ucthu/rtws_u¬ejc!ë{_x@y>~ ey³¿`Iµð£6_xad|h¹µ^`_su_sy{m{ejy:ag£`k_xr!iy:at_sce|®adilhy>r!©Ahcad_sr m{ejy>rk<Áp>wxkil>~kli:>im_/£u>k>rk_xrå{{|®at¬eadil/y>ratp>_sct~Di:>_xr_xa:¬ejy:adi:>_sry1Áhy:a u¬ejru_sc~Dilrk e}©¦/c~o>k ejatihy!m1Áy!~v@mqskl_¤atp>wshcti:>_¤~Di|xcthr|®/u>i:>_¤readilrt©ejirejy:a _xa |seu¬ej>kl_Fm1Á_®§@u>ki:>_xcDkl_4~Dwg|gejy>ilrd~v_Fm@_4u>ctm{|®adilhym_4k¦erdu(_xcå{>imiadwH_sy kli_syesfz_g|k ev|xhy{m_sy>rejatihym_Xán¸¿¹ ^¥Áw®aeiaejHmwx>a¿m_sr¿ey>y>ws_xrÈ`l_hÇvz>_X÷¥cthrdrÀ_xa¿¼iaej_xf@rtóiliÀ³lÈsÇHµ/y:aÀctws>rtrti rtwsu¬ejct_s~D_syza ©¦/c~o>kl_sco>y~v@mqskl_!adp>wx/cti:>_h£¼k<eju>u>ctg§il~Jeadil/ym_4|p¬ej~Du ~Dz_sy£rth>r©Ahct~D_vm1Á>y_vwg:¬eadil/ymiîwxct_sy:ati_sklkl_Dy>hyCkily>wejilct_Jeju>u_sklws_vwg:¬e adilhy m_C÷cthrtrÅÅ¢iae_®f@rtóilib¡6÷`vhÓwg:¬eadil/y m_C|p>ctïmily>»/_sc!y>hyÓkily>wejilct_ ¡6¤8®¹(nÄwg:¬eadil/y$m_v÷ mwg|xctiak<Áwxf//klatihy$m@@y¬ej~Di z>_ortu¬ejatij¡ad_s~Duhct_xkkl_ T = 0 ¶v£¼m_4k<Áhy{m_4~Je|xcthr|®/u>i:>_<|p¬ej~Duìrd|gejk¦ejilct_F|®/~Duk_®§@_vejrtrt@|xilws_ ejH|®/y{m_xy>rea¿m_án¸¿¹>^_xaad_ws:¬ejatihyH|®/y:ati_xy:aµ>y!ad_xct~D_y>hy)kliy>wgeilct_at_sy¬ejy:a |xh~Duad_4m_)k¡Äily:adwscdeh|®atihyì©eji>kl_4_xav>ily¬ejic_4_sy:atct_)kl_srv/rthy>rDm{ejy>rvk_4|x/y>m_sy@ rejabm_)án¸Q|xhy>rti mwscw/¹½nesfheyzaej»/_!m_)|x_J~D@m@qsk_!cwsrti m_!m{ejy>rok_J©ejilab:>_Jkl_sr ily:ad_scdeh|®atihy>r>ily¬ejic_srrt/yza_sy:atilqsct_s~D_syzau¬ejcej~Dwxadcirtws_sr¿u¬ejc¿>yHrt_s>ku¬ejcej~Dqxatct_ ~Di|xcthrd|x/ui :>_$æ½k eklhy>»/>_scDm_4miî(>rtihyì_syhy{m_ s £8y>adws_ a ¹¼i a > 0 £½kl_ |xhy{m_sy>reja!_srta!ctwxu>>krtil©¸¹·ðk¤_sra4ejaadce|®adil©rti a < 0 ¹°¥_u>k>rg£6k¦ekl/y>»h>_s>c)m_ miî>rtilhy a _xrtamilct_g|®at_s~D_sy:ac_skliws_bm1Á>y>_ou¬ejcaJk e!m_syrdiadwortu¬ejati¦ejkl_ n m@$»zeô :¬ejrtiu¬ejct©ªeia)m_.á`hrt_ Ô ° T = 0 ¶v£nu¬ec k ect_xk¦eadil/y æ n | a | << 1 £`|x_ :>i¢ertrt>ct_okl_v|gejce|®atqsct_o>iy¬ejilct_bm_srily:ad_xceh|adil/y>r©eil>kl_srg£_xam1ejadc_ou¬ecÅa}Jk e rt_g|®adilhy$_xÑ |ge|x_oathaekl_bm_bmiî>rtil/yæ σ = 8πa uh>cm_sr/rthy>r} T ' 0 ¶v¹ _ou_xatiau¬ejcej~Dqxatct_ (n | a | ) _sraadilklilrdwbm{ejy>rkl_b|sek|x>k½m_ok<Áws|gecÅa_syzadct_k e 3. 2. 3 1/3.
(33) Õ. ydÙÚÝxÞ·M¸M¹ÚºÞ@Ù. ad_s~Duwxcead>ct_ T m1Á>y.»zeôou¬ejct©ejia}m_vá`hrt_o_xa|x_sklk_vm@$~vès~D_o»zeôbm_vá`hrd_o_sy ad_sy¬ejy:a¤|®/~Duat_}m_sr¿©eji>kl_srily:ad_scdeh|®atil/y>rg¹ ^`_su_sy{m{ejy:a£¼|x_xatat_Fm@_sr|®ctiluadil/yìatp>ws/ci:>_Fmì»:ejôFz¬ertilu¬ec©ejila m_Fá`/rt_ ¶ u{ecbk<Áwg:{ejatihyÆm_÷S_xrtavc_srtatws_4rejy>rbf/wsctiЬ|geadil/yì_®§@uwsctil~D_sy:aekl_ T = 0 $|gej>rt_Hm_srD|xhy{miadil/y>rvu>p:@rti:>_srD_®avat_g|p>y>i:>_srDm{ey>rvkl_srd:>_sklkl_sr m/ifz_xy:aDrt_ ctwejklirt_sc¿kl_}|xctiadqsc_Xm1ͼily>rad_silyæ{m_sy>rtiadw n wskl_xfzws__xa T ' 0 ¶v¹ ^¥Á_sraFu_sy>m{ey:aFkl_srey>y>wx_sr¨È\`/ËZcÈ\`l`Ocì:>_Ck eu>p:rdi:>_¨eadh~Di:>_$f@iaFk e y¬eilrtrey{|®_!_xakl_sromwxfz_sklhu>u_s~D_sy:atrortu_g|®aeh|x>k ejic_srbm_srXad_g|dp>y>i:>_srokl_sru>kl>rrt u>p>ilrtati z>ws_sr¥m_}u>ilws»/_ge»h_X_xa¥m_}c_s©Acthimirtrt_s~D_xy:a¥m1eadh~D_sry>_satct_sr¥ek|gejkily>r¤u¬ejc ©ejird|x_ej@§k¦ejrt_scg¹1^_bmh~Jejily>_vm_ct_g|dp>_scd|p>_o_sramwsrt/c~Jeilr|xhy>y.rt/>rkl_oy>h~ m1fÁ ±µadh~D_sr©Acthi m@r Âz¹_vu>ci§Ch_skµÈ`l` b eJctwg|xh~Du_sy>rtwJ(¹^p£^¹Â^hp>_sy@ â½ejy>y>/{mºÒi_xa|ù>°¹>¢p>ilkklilu>rµu(h>cÀkl_s>crÀadcdegfhej@§!u>ilhy>y>il_sctrej>rtrdi(>i_xy4_®§@uwscti ~D_sy:ae@§4:>_adp>wshcti:>_srm{eyr¤|x_}mh~Jejiy>_/³lÈhÈ/£1ÈÊ@£È Ô µ¡¹ ½ecdeklklqskl_s~D_sy:ag£hkl_sr¢wgz>iu_srn|dp>_scd|p{ey:an¤ct_s©Ac/imilc¢>yb»zeôµm1Äp:mc/»hqsy>_Àu/k e ctilrtw¿_xa6uiws»hw¿~Je»hy>wxati z>_s~D_sy:a6mwxfz_sklhu>uqsct_syza`k e¥ad_g|p>yi :_¤mDc_s©Ac/imilrdrt_s~v_sy:a wxfheuhceadil© ³ÈsÌ>£Èc;µð¹½_srvejat/~v_srbrthy:abu>ilws»hwsrv~ e»hy>wxadi:>_s~v_sy:a£8~ eilrbk eu>c ©Ahy{m_s>cm.u>ilqs»h_o_sraejº¸rtae>kl_/¹(Â_xreadh~D_sr¥k_sr¥u>kr|p¬e>mrrgÁwg|p{eu>u_syzam u>ilqs»/_/£¼_xa kl_sr!eadh~D_srDct_sraejy:atrvfz/il_syza)ejkl/cr kl_s>cvad_s~vuwscead>ct_HrgÍe¬ejilrdrt_scDu¬ejc adp>_sc~Jejkilrejatihy via k_srD|®/klkilrtil/y>rvwsk¦ejradi:>_srg¹n¼yÆej¬eilrtrey:avk ep¬eat_s>cvm_4k e |x/u>>ct_/£hyct_s©Ac/imia|x/yzadily5¶>~D_syzaXk_D»zeôDu>ilws»/w/¹Âë8ily¬ejk_s~v_sy:a£'eu>ci§mÁ>y>_ u_scat_¥m1Íejat/~D_xr£/k¦e}m_sy>rtiadw D D = nλ ¼m{ejy>r`k<Á_srtu¬e|x_¥m_sr6u>p¬ert_sr`rge|s|xcHaa u¬eco|x_Ju>c@|xwgmw)m@_!c_s©Acthimirtrt_s~D_syzavm_J©eõxhyçrdu_s|®ae|x>k eilct_/¹¢°ejy>rokl_)|gejrbm_sr ejat/~v_srejk|geklily>r|xhyÐ{y>wsr¿m{ejy>rµ>y)u>ilqs»/_~Je»hy>wxatðhuadi:>_/£@k<ejº¸>rat_s~D_sy:a¿m_k e u>cth©Ahy{m_s>cvmçu>ilqs»/_Hejì|®/>crvmc_s©Acthimilrdrt_s~D_xy:avwxfheju/cdejati©rt_!ctwejklirt_)u¬ejc k¡Íeuu>ki|geadil/ym1Áy|dp¬e~vuHcemijð©Actws:>_sy{|x_ ³È_Iµð¹ ^¥Áwxaeia»/cdÏh|x_ ejCrt{|s|xqxr}m_srad_g|py>i z>_srXm_bu>iwx»/_ej»/_v~Jej»/y>w®adjÒhuadi:>_b_xa m_Xc_s©Ac/imilrdrt_s~v_sy:a¤wxfheuhceadil©¢:>_Xkl_X|xctiadqsc_Xm1¼ily>rad_sily¾æ nλ ' 2.612 evwxatw ctwejklirtwuh>cm_sr¤©eil>kl_srm_sy>rtilatwsroæ n ' ÈgÇ ÈsÇ ejat/~D_xr®Éj|x~ £¬_xam_sr¤at_s~Duwscde ad>c_srXæ T ' µ¶¥ðy{¶v¹^`_}rt{|s|®qsr¥ebil~D~Dwsmi¦ead_s~v_sy:a¤|xhy{m>ia¥bk¦eoctwejkilrejatil/ym_ k¦e|x/y>m_sy>rejatihy m_án¸m{ejy>r6m_sr¼»:ejô¿milk>wxr`m@_¿hrt/y>r6ejat/~Di:>_sr¼>kadcej©Ac/imrg¹ 'eHu>ct_s~Dilqsc_!h>rt_scfheadil/yçmilct_g|®at_)m@_!k eF|x/y{m_xy>readilhym_)án¸SeHwxadwJ©ªeiad_ _syÈ`l`Ocvm{ejy>r¤m@_sr»zejôXmilkwsr>kadcej©Ac/imr¤m1Íejat/~D_sr¿hrdhy>i:>_sr¥ejk |seklily>r¤u>ilws»hwsr ~Jej»/y>wxati z>_s~D_sy:a¼m{ey>r¼m_sr¢u>ilqs»h_sr¼p¬ejct~Dhy>i:>_sr Ô °¹8e¥mwg|xhfz_scÅad_µm1Áy>_ad_sklk_ |x/y>m_sy>rejatihy!ewxadw¿cweklilrtws_u>ct_srd:>_¿rtil~o>kaejy>ws~D_sy:ag£/u¬ejc¼adcthilr6»hcth>u_srej~Dwscti c. 3 dB. 3 dB. 6. 8. 3.
Documents relatifs
In contrast, the equilibrium steady state of a weakly interacting Bose gas which undergoes condensation because of atomic collisions as predicted by our master equation theory
For a gas confined in a harmonic potential, the fast rotation domain corresponds to stirring frequencies Ω of the order of the trapping frequency ω ⊥ in the plane perpendicular to
Le condensat de Bose-Einstein ainsi obtenu est ensuite utilis´e pour des exp´eriences de transfert dans un pi`ege magn´etique habill´e par un champ radiofr´equence ou dans un
For an isolated system with energy fluctuations in the initial state, we have seen that the correlation function C(t) of the condensate phase derivative does not vanish at long
The problem of diffuse reflection of atoms off an evanescent wave mirror has been addressed theoretically in Ref [12] and it linked to the scattering of light by the defects of a
Here we show that is not the inertial mass but the gravitational mass of the BEC that becomes negative, due to the electromagnetic energy absorbed from the trap and the Raman beams
In the presence of the optical lattice we observe that the widths of the resonances corresponding to the excitations in bands II and III lie within the experimental range of
We show in particular that in this strongly degenerate limit the shape of the spatial correlation function is insensitive to the transverse regime of confinement, pointing out to