SÉQUESTRATION GÉOLOGIQUE DU CO2 CHAIREDE RECHERCHE
4- Kriged horizons in depth by KED
1- Identification of formation tops in depth (m) 2- Picking of seismic horizons in TWT (s) 3 - Modeled horizons in TWT from seismic picks 5- 3D geological model of the Becancour area
10.5 km
13.6 km 0 s
2 s
picks of the Yamaska fault
picks of the SE-verging fault
(i) Basement400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Two Way Time (ms) Covey Hill 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 z (m) Covey Hill
7
x z - 1102 - 1503 - 1215 (m) 0 500 1000 0 500 1000 3300t = 100 yrst = 100 yrs t = 300 yrs t = 500 yrs
0 20 40 60 80 100 NE sub-reservoir NW sub-reservoir SE sub-reservoir Storage capacity [Mt] TOUGH2 Volumetric approach Compressibilty approach y = 4.8199x0.7597 R² = 0.9659 y = 0.594x0.9164 R² = 0.9985 0.1 1 10 100 0 3 6 9 12 15 0 10 20 30 40 50 0.1 1 10 100 Horizontal permeability [mD] Injection rate Injectivity index Masse injection r at e [kg /s] Injectivity inde x [l/kg /MP a] 0 400 800 1200 TOUGH2 Volumetric approach Compressibilty approach NE sub-reservoir NW sub-reservoir SE sub-reservoir St. Lawrence Platform St or ag e c
apacity per surf
ace
2
[kg
/m
]
Injectivity with different possible Covey Hill kh Example of CO migration plume for the case of intermittent injection periods2 (Covey Hill kh = 0.89 mD)
Storage capacity estimations
(from the site-scale to the basin-scale) Storage capacity estimations of Bécancour
8
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Opinion Survey #1
Start Opinion Survey #2
Website Online Geochemical Survey #1 Geochemical Survey #2
Site screening Basin Screening 3D Basin Modeling
Actual Stress Analysis
Fault Mapping by Remote Sensing
Bécancour’s Assessment Rock Reactivity with CO2
Bécancour 3D Modeling
Saline Aquifer Caracterization
Bécancour’s Risk Analysis St-Flavien 3D Modeling
Numerical Modeling of Injection Basin Capacity Estimation
3
1
2
4
5
6
8
7
7 7 4 4 5 Professors Researchers Masters Ph.D. Post-Ph.D. The TeamSimulation of connected volume of pores available for CO injection2
by sequential Gaussian simulations with Bayesian approach
3D seismic cube
Compute several 3D AI cubes
Evaluate acoustic
impedance (AI) well logs
Evaluate
porosity (Phi) well logs
Compute connected porous volumes
Simulate several Phi cubes
6
6
Logan’s Line Lotbinière (A072) Lotbinière (A192) Sainte-Croix(A167) Saint-Flavien (A178) Saint-Flavien (A180)
St-Flavien thrust slice (1500-1800 m deep)
A A’
Scale
0 5 km
T
wo way travel time
0 1 2 3 4 sec Precambrien basement
Potential storage reservoirs Potsdam
Beekmantown
Trenton, Black River & Chazy Utica Shale
Lorraine/Sainte-Rosalie
_-O Appalachian Basin
60°W 65°W 65°W 70°W 70°W 75°W 50°N 50°N 45°N 45°N A’ A 0 50 100 150 200 km Canada USA Mexico New Brunswick Nova Scotia P.E.I. USA Province of Québec Gulf of St. Lawrence Anticosti Island CO emissions by facility (2009)2 100,000 - 250,000 tons 250,000 - 500,000 tons 500,000 - 1,000,000 tons > 1,000,000 tons Québec boundaries A’ A M-2001 seismic line P-C Magdalen S-D Gaspé Belt Precambrian basement Sedimentary basins Lowlands _-O St. Lawrence O-S Anticosti _-O Appalachians
1
2
Geological unit Volume 800-3500 m 3 (km ) Capacity E(P )10 (gigatonne) Capacity E(P ) 50 (gigatonne) Capacity E(P )90 (gigatonne) Potsdam 4 250 0.81 3.18 8.58Storage Potential (years)
Industrial emissions: 20 Mt CO /yr2 40 159 429
! ! ! Montréal Drummondville Trois-Rivières 72°W 72°W 73°W 73°W 74°W 74°W 46°N 46°N 45°N 0 25 50 kilometres Yamaska’s Fault 3D Model Limits
Co Storage Capacity for Potsdam2
1 000 000 4 000 2 E(P50) (tons/km ) Logan’s Line Legend Covey Hill Cairnside Precambrian basement Caprocks Trenton/Black River/Chazy Beauharnois Theresa 9 km Wells St. Lawrence River
3
4
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 D ep th ( m)Stress and Pressure (M Pa)
A181 Shmin A181 SHmax
A185 Shmin A185 SHmax
A214 Shmin A214 SHmax
A215 Shmin A215 SHmax
A196 Shmin A196 SHmax
FIT LOT P p Shmingradient 20.5±3 kPa/m S gradientv 25.6 kPa/m SHmaxgradient 40±7.5 kPa/m SLL basin
Pore pressure gradient 10 kPa/m
Bécancour Pore pressure gradient
12.2 kPa/m σ = S3 HMIN σ = S2 V σ = S1 HMAX SHMIN < S < SV HMAX TARGETED RESERVOIR Cairnside Formation
Covey Hill Formation
Sandstones Quartz (99%)
Fine to medium grained Well rounded and well sorted Average porosity : ~3%
Sandstones, conglomerates, shales Quartz, feldspars, others
Poorly sorted Average porosity : ~5% ORDOVICIAN CAMBRIAN M U M U L Potsdam Beekmantown Utica Lorraine Queenston Cairnside Covey Hill Theresa Beauharnois Precambrian shield = Sainte-Rosalie Trenton Black River Chazy CAPROCKS
Lorraine / Ste-Rosalie groups
Utica Shale
Shales, siltstones, sandstones
Black calcareous shales
Québec City Montréal Earthquake magnitudes (1985-2010) < 0 0 < M < 2.5 2.5 < M < 3 3 < M < 4 4 < M < 5 5 < M < 6 0 < 1000 10 000 - 50 000 50 000 - 100 000 100 000 - 500 000 500 000 - 1 000 000 1 000 000 - 1 300 000 > 1 300 000 550000 550000 600000 600000 650000 650000 700000 700000 750000 750000 5050000 5050000 5100000 5100000 5150000 5150000 5200000 10km Quebec St. Lawrence River Bécancour site CO2 Emissions 2009 (t) Montréal 8 months later Time: 0
5
Experimental part at IFPEN Scanning Electron Microscopy MAIN CONCLUSIONS / RESULTS1) Dissolution is predominant
2) Absence of mineral precipitation (cementation) 3) Absence of porosity occlusion
