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(1)La carte, une preuve de la réalité ? Virginie Penafiel. To cite this version: Virginie Penafiel. La carte, une preuve de la réalité ?. Architecture, aménagement de l’espace. 2015. �dumas-01764644�. HAL Id: dumas-01764644 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01764644 Submitted on 12 Apr 2018. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Copyright.

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