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Multiple-Block Ahead Branch Predictors

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(1)Multiple-Block Ahead Branch Predictors André Seznec, Stéphan Jourdan, Pascal Sainrat, Pierre Michaud. To cite this version: André Seznec, Stéphan Jourdan, Pascal Sainrat, Pierre Michaud. Multiple-Block Ahead Branch Predictors. [Research Report] RR-2825, INRIA. 1996. �inria-00073867�. HAL Id: inria-00073867 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073867 Submitted on 24 May 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Multiple-Block Ahead Branch Predictors Andre´ Seznec, Ste´phan Jourdan, Pascal Sainrat, Pierre Michaud. N˚ 2825 Mars 1996. THE`ME 1. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche.

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(29) 2n6.0/&^MOH/>89*>=m7!+ 4*&/&'&'H46+&' ¨Pk q t pgq w§]fmf q}p fk [ hIkwhIx0›œ]k˜w [ k ¤q x q x;¢ w q x=fm]Mw˜i=km” ž ] ’ – q wg£;f t?] p w˜l=w˜–—]™hIf ]46-#).@/&^MOH/>8A*&=7+&4H*&/>'&':4<+&' ¨=hIx v k Lq oP-.g8B(g7.@/>^MOH/&8A*>=W7!+ 4*&/&'&'H46+&' hXf hIx]§j«kg]x=fg” q xek q k [ ]a–¬hXkmkg] p whIfg]}z ©x0k [ ”—ft hIt?] p ¨ ¤ ] † p fmk w q ^t h p ] k [ ]t ] p › qup ^hXx w˜] q ›Qfm”—x=†u–—] S¢S›œ]k˜w [ t pmq w˜]fgf q}p fhIx v^™i=–—km”—t=–—K ] S¢S›œ]k˜w [ t pmq w˜]fgf qup f ¤ ” k [8p ]fgt ]Mw˜k­k qUž h p ” q i=ft h p hI^0]km] p ffmi w [ hXf%k [ ]t p ] v;”•w˜km” q x huww˜i p h}w˜l p hXkm]hIx v0k [ ]” xPfmk p i w˜kg” q x;¢mv;”—fmt hXk¡w [e’ i;ª9] p v;]t=k [   fmfgi=^”—x=†]M°}iP” ž ¢ hX– ]nxNk ’=p hIx w [ t p ] v;”•w˜kg” q x huww˜i p h}w˜l;¨ q i p fm”—^™i=–•hXkm” q x=f%t q ”—x;k q i=kk [ hXkv q i ’ – T] S¢S›œ]k¡w [ t pgq w˜]fmf q}p f fg” †ux=” † whXxNkg–—l q i=kgt ] p › qup ^ fm”—x=†u– e] S¢S›œ]k¡w [ t pmq w˜]fgf qup f ¤%[ ]x™k [ ] v;”—fmt?hIk¡w [™¤ ”•v;k [ ” f ¤ ”•v;] p k [ hXx,› q i p ”—x=fgk p i?w˜km” q xPf­t?] p w˜l=w˜–—]}¨@^ q km” ž hIkg” xP†™k [ ]™x=]n] v)› qup ›œ]k˜w [ ^]Mw [ hIx=”—fm^0f k [ hIk­wnhIx)›œ]k˜w [ k ¤q x q x;¢ w q x=fm]Mw˜i=km” ž ] ’ – q wg£;f%” xet h p hX– –—]–© Z%[ ]fm”—^™i=–•hIkg” q x=fhX–—f q f [=qI¤ k [ hIk%†u” ž ]xw§i pmp ]x;kK”—x=fgk p i w˜km” q x;¢Wfg]k h p w [ ”—km] w§kmi p ]fhIx vw q ^0t=”—– ] p km]Mw [ x q – q †ulN¨P›œ]nk¡w [ ”—x=†e^ qup ]k [ hIx)k ¤q x q x;¢mw q x=fg] w˜i=kg” ž ] ’ – q wg£Nft?] p w˜l=w˜–—]­v q ]nf x q kfg” †ux=” † whXxNkg–—l™” ^0t pmqIž ]%t ] p › qup ^hXx w˜]} € ]Ÿk [ ]x)t pgq t q fm]™hw q ^tP– ]nkm]­hXx vUw q fmk©¢©]˜ª9] w˜kg” ž ]^0] w [ hIx=”—fg^ whX–—– ]Mvek [ ] SYC4F^ r.@4H*>Xm",=E/&%J] G+ %<2*&= C+&/&]6(*>894<+ ¨"k [ hIk0t p ]Mv;”•w˜kmf0k [ ]šhuv=v p ]fmfg]f q ›k ¤q8’ – q wm£;f™t?] p w§l«w§– ]u Z%[ ”—f™^] w [ hXx=”—fm^ w q x=fm”—fgkmf q ›$h)k ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£‘h [ ] h}v ’Pp hIx?w [ t p ] v;”•w˜km” q x k¡h ’ –—]}¨ h)k ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£ h [ ] huv ’=p hIx w [ k˜h p †u]k ’ i«ª¯] p hIx v0h,k ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£™h [ ] huv p ]kgi p xUfgk¡huwm£9 ‚ i?w [ hXxhItPt pmq h}w [ whIx q}’;ž ” q i=fg–—l ’ ]]˜j=km]x v«] vek q ‡.

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(77) q fgk%t pmq w˜]nfmf qup fM¨@k [ ]Ÿ›œ]k˜w [ ^]Mw [ hIx=”—fm^ w q x=fm”—fmkgf^hX”—x=–—l q ›k [=p ]],t h p kmf KhXxš”—x=fgk p i w˜km” q x whuw [ ])› pmq ^ ¤%[ ] p ]8k [ ]š”—x=fgk p i w˜km” q x=fUh p ] ›œ]k¡w [ ]Mv9¨hIx ”—x=fgk p i w˜km” q x;¢âv«” fgt hIk˜w [ ’ i«ª¯] pe¤%[ ] p ])k [ ] ”—x=fgk p i?w˜km” q xPfh p ]%^hI”—x;k¡hX”—x=] v ¤ hX”—km”—x=† k q’ ] v;”—fgt hIk˜w [ ] v9¨;hIx vŸf q ^] ’=p hIx w [ t p ] v;”•w˜kg” q x­fgk p i w˜kmi p ]f t p ] v;”•w˜kg” xP†k [ ] q i=k˜w q ^0]hXx vek [ ]­k˜h p †}]kh}v=v p ]fmf q ›hIx;l0›œ]k˜w [ ] v ’Pp hIx?w [  Z%[ ]­v;”—fmt?hIk¡w [)’ i;ª9] p v;]Mw q i=tP– ]nfk [ ] ”—x=fgk p i?w˜km” q x,›S]k¡w [ ”—x=†a› pgq ^(k [ ]Kv«” fgt hIk˜w [ t pmq w˜]fgf ¨;fgi=fmk˜hI”—x=”—x=†­h ’ ]kmkg] p k [=pgq i=† [ t=i=k ”—xUk [ ]­t p ]fg]x w˜] q › w˜l=w˜–—]fŸ” x ¤%[ ”•w [q x=–—lUh™fg^hI–—–9x;i=^ ’ ] p q ›”—x=fmk p i w§km” q x=fwhXx ’ ]Ÿ›œ]k¡w [ ]Mv ˆ k [ ] ’ i«ª¯] p whIx ’ ] † –—–—] v™”—xUhŸfm”—x=†}–—]w˜l=w˜–—] Š  ©x^.  S‹HD ) ‹ Ž©Š"Š  Š ŠTœ‹ !Uˆ@ Š)©Ž0ˆ QŽ QŠ  Z%[ ]­s%± o ‚u{,fmi ’ fm]ka›œ] hXkmi p ]f – q x=† ’ hXfm”•w ’ – q wg£;fw§– q fm]Uk q † ›Skm]]xV”—x=fmk p i w§km” q x=fe– q xP† q x h ž ] p hX†}]} ‚ ”—^™i=–•hIkg” q x=f q x q hXkm”—x=†X¢Wt q ”—x;k t pgq † p hI^0f ¨Ix q k p ]t qup kg] v [ ] p ]u¨ [ h ž ]%f [=qI¤ x™k [ hXkhfg” xP†}–—]CS¢S›œ]k˜w [ t pgq w§]fmf q}p ”—f"]˜ª9] w˜kg” ž ] ¤%[ hXkm] ž ] p k [ ] v;”—fmt hXk¡w [,¤ ”¬v«k [ ^hMl ’ ]t pmqIž ”•v;] v,hv;]]t™v;”—fmt hXk¡w [™’ i;ª9] p   | ¢ ¤ ”•v;]Ífm”—x=†}–—]eS¢œ›S]k¡w [ t pmq w˜]fgf qup †u” ž ]f qIž ] p ‚u„= Ž

(78) q › k [ ]"t?] p ›œ]Mw˜k"t?] p › qup ^ehIx w˜] ¤%[ ]xk [ ]"t p ] v;”•w˜km” q x$huww˜i p h}w˜l”—f [ ”—† [ ] p k [ hIx,‚Jƒ

(79) . s 5ˆ ) ‹IŽtWŠ "Š  Tœ‹ Š8DQˆ@ Š:WŽˆ D QŽ QŠ  Z%[ ] h ž ] p hX†}]fm” ‹ ] q ›9k [ ] ’ hXfm”•w ’ – q wg£Nf. ”—x™k [ ] se Z ‚}{fmi ’ fg]k” f † ž ]%”—x=fgk p i?w˜km” q xPf"– q x=†?5±3”—†}i p ]f{ ˆ h Š k [=pmq i=† [ ˆ v Š f [=qI¤ k [ ] p ]fmi=–—kgf q x ”—x;km]†u] p t pgq † p hI^0fKhuww q}p v;”—x=†Uk q k [ ]v;]tPk [8q ›%k [ ]™” xPfmk p i w˜kg” q x;¢mv;”—fmt hXk¡w [8’ i;ª9] p ¨@k [ ]™t p ] v;”•w˜km” q x huww˜i p h}w˜l;¨"hIx v)k [ ]v«” fgt hIk˜w [8¤ ”¬v«k [ Lax=–—lUk [ ]0†}] q ^]k p ”•wŸ^] hXx=f q › k [ ] p ]fgi=–—kmf™h p ] p ]t q}p km] v  q km]%k [ hIk ¤ ] hXfmfmiP^]” x,k [ ]fm]afm”—^™i=–•hIkg” q x=fQhat ] p ›œ] w§kCS¢mwh}w [ ] hXx vŸx q hI–—”—†}xP^]x;k9t pgq}’ –—]^ v;i=]%k q whuw [ ]– ”—x=] ’ q i=x v=h p ”—]fM"s q x † †ui p hXkm” q xPfh p ] ’ hXfm] v ’?q k [0q x™k [ ]xNiP^ ’ ] pÍq › ’ hXfm”•w ’ – q wg£;f"›œ]nk¡w [ ] v ”—x8hfg”—x=†}–—]™w˜l=w˜–—]}¨5hXx v q x)k [ ]v;]nt=k [)q ›%k [ ]v«” fgt hIk˜w [š’ i«ª¯] p ± q}p ”—x=fmk˜hIx w˜]u¨5w q x † †ui p hXkm” q  x  q q ’ [ m p q u q p p U [ ’ p v;]nx kg]fh­v i –—Q] S¢œ›S]k¡w t w˜]nfmf ›œ] hIkgi ”—x=†™h™|M¢mv;]]nt v«” fgt hIk˜w i;ª9]  ©x ˆ h Š ¨ ˆ ’ Š ¨hIx?v ˆ w Š ¨ k [ ] p hIkg” q †}” ž ]fek [ ] p ]–•hXkm” ž ]Ut?] p › q}p ^hIx?w˜] ’ ]k ¤ ]n]xFk [ ])] ž hX– i?hIkm]Mv w q x † †ui p hXkm” q x hIx v hUt?] p ›S] w˜k™›S]k¡w [ ^] w [ hXx=”—fm^ ¤ ”—k [ k [ ]0t p ] v«”¬w§km” q x h}wnw˜i p huw˜l p ]^hX”—x=”—x=†ek [ ] f˜hI^]u Z%[ ]šw˜i pgž ]fUw˜–—] h p –—l fmk¡hXkm]Uk [ hIsk ‡I¢ ¤ ”•v;]Ut pgq w§]fmf q}p f)v q x q k p ] °ui=” p ]šhIx;l ”—^t pgqIž ]^™]x;k qIž ] p h0fg” xP†}–—] S¢œ›S]k¡w [ t q –—”•w˜lU]§jPw§]t=k,› qup hU|M¢mv;]]ntÙv;”—fmt hXk¡w [ْ i«ª¯] p ¨@†}” ž ”—x=†U‚ Ž

(80) q › k [ ]™t ] p ›œ] w§k t?] p › q}p ^ehIx w§] ¤%[ hIkm] ž ] p k [ ]Ut p ] v;”•w˜kg” q x h}ww§i p huw˜l ^hMl ’ ]} ax‘k [ ] q k [ ] p0[ hIx?v9¨ƒ ¢ ¤ ”•v;]UhIx?v ]fgt ]Mw˜”•hI–—–—l‘|M¢ ¤ ”•v;]v q i ’ –—3] S¢S›œ]k˜w [ t pgq w˜]fmf q}p f†}” ž ]h [ i=†u]”—^t pgqIž ]^0]x;k q › t?] p › qup ^ehIx w˜] qIž ] p fg” xP†}–—] S¢œ›S]k¡w [ t pgq w§]fmf q}p fMt  ©xÙhU|M¢ ¤ ”•v;]­t pmq w˜]fgf q}p ¨"k [ ]”—^t pmqIž ]n^]x;k%”—f ’ ]k ¤ ]n]x J{ ƒehIx t v ‡ƒ

(81) v;]nt ]x?v;”—x=† q xÙk [ ]t p ] v;”•w˜kg” q x h}ww§i p huw˜lN¨%hXfmfmiP^”—x=†šh)v;]]tVv;”—fmt hXk¡w [ْ i«ª¯] p  € q}p ] qIž ] p k [ ]fg]. _}_.

(82) Aa->Bi. Ai. Aa. Bb->Ci. Bi. A. Bb. Ci. B. ±3”—†}i p ] Ž. . Cc->Di. Cc. C. Z%¤q ¢  – q wm£ a[ ] huv  p hIx w [ © x;› qup ^ehIkm” q x. Di. Dd. D. p ]fmi=–—kgf ’=p ”—x=† k q –—”—† [ k™k [ hXk0›œ]k¡w [ ”—x=† ^ q}p ]ek [ hIxVk ¤q ’ hIfg”•w ’ – q wg£;f”—x h fm”—x=†u– ])w˜l=w˜–—]š”—fex q k ]˜ª9] w˜kg” ž ]šhXf$v q i ’ –—]LS¢œ›S]k¡w [ ^0] w [ hIxP” fg^ft pmqIž ”•v;]x=]Mh p –—l _ƒJƒ

(83) q ›Kt?] p › qup ^ehIx w˜]u`ax=]ef [=q i=–•v x q km]k [ hIkk [ ] p ]–•hIkg” ž ] ’ ]x=] † k ¤%[ ]x0›œ]k˜w [ ”—x=†­k ¤q’ hXfm”•w ’ – q wg£;f”—xehfm”—x=†u– ]w˜l=w˜–—]” x?w p ] hXfm]f ¤ ”—k [ k [ ] ’=p hXx w [ t p ] v;”•w˜kg” q x8h}ww˜i p h}w§lN±3”—x hI–—–—l;¨ hIx” xPfmk p i w˜kg” q x ’ i;ª¯] p k ¤ ”•w˜]$hXf ’ ”—†hIfak [ ]v«” fgt hIk˜w [ ¤ ”•v;k [ ”—f p ] °ui=” p ] ve”—xehIx;lwhIfg]}  ff [=qI¤ x”—x † †ui p ] ˆ v Š › q}p h,|M¢ ¤ ”•v;]%t pmq w˜]nfmf qup ¨?”—k"”—f^ q}p ]%]˜ª¯]Mw˜km” ž ]k q ”—x w p ] hIfg]k [ ]x;i=^ ’ ] p q › ’ – q wg£NfŸ›œ]k˜w [ ] v t ] p w˜l=w˜–—]k [ hIx k q ”—^t pgqIž ]™k [ ]t p ] v;”•w˜kg” q x‘huww˜i p h}w˜l; *] ž ] p k [ ]n– ]nfmf ¨*k [ ]fg] k ¤qq t=km”—^” ‹ hXkm” q xPf h p ],x q k]˜j w˜–—i=fg” ž ]­hIx?vUk [ ]lU] huw [ †u” ž ]x=] ¤(q t=t q}p kgi=x=”—km”—]fa› qup t?] p › q}p ^ehIx w§] ”—^t pmqIž ]n^]x;k     Ÿ

(84) 9“   ' ",#*'&(" ) %",  ­f fgk¡hIkg] v8”—x8k [ ]™”—xNk pmq v;i w§km” q xQ¨@k [ ]™k ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£8h [ ]Mh}v ’=p hIx w [ t p ] v;”•w˜k qup iPfm]f™”—x;› qup ^ehIkm” q x hXf©¢ f q w§”¬hXkm] v ¤ ”—k [ k [ ]$w§i pmp ]x;k­”—x=fgk p i?w˜km” q x ’ – q wg£Uk q t p ] v«”¬w§kk [ ]huv=v p ]fmf q ›k [ ]™” xPfmk p i w˜kg” q x ’ – q wg£ k [ hIk”—fk ¤q’ – q wg£;fh [ ] huv9 ©kgft p ”—x w§” tP– ],”—f” –—–—i=fgk p hXkm] v)”—x8±3” †ui p ] Ž ¤%[ ] p ]  ”©¨  ”©¨Qs”©¨QhIx?v  ” h p ],k [ ] ’ hXfm”•w ’ – q wg£Ufmk˜h p km”—x=†huv=v p ]fmfg]f$hXx v  h=¨  ’ ¨Qs%wI¨ Kvh p ],k [ ] ’=p hXx w [ huv=v p ]nfmfm]nf   x;l q › k [ ]w q x;k pmq –ó¢ qI¤ k p hIx=fg” kg” q x=f­wnhIx ’ ],›WhI–—–ó¢Wk [=pmq i=† [  € [ ”—– ],k [ ]™” xPfmk p i w˜kg” q x ’ – q wm£;f  hIx v  h p ]›œ]nk¡w [ ] v9¨Pk [ ]Ÿk ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£$h [ ] huv ’Pp hIx?w [ t p ] v«”¬w§k q}p iPfm]f  h,”—x=fmkg] h}v q ›  ’ k q t p ]Mv;”•w˜kKs”©¨=hIx?v  ’ k q t p ] v«”¬w§k a”W Z%[ ] ’ ] [ h ž ” q}paq ›] huw [ t h p k q ›k [ ]­t p ] v;”•w˜k q}p ”—fKv«]f¡w p ” ’ ] v ”—xUk [ ]Ÿ› q – – qI¤ ”—x=† fg] w˜km” q x=f e±3” †ui p T] ‡et p ]nfm]x;kmf™hIx)”—^t=–—]^0]x;k¡hXkm” q x q ›%k [ ] Z%¤q ¢  – q wm£  [ ] huv  p hIx w [Ùo@p ] v;”•w˜k q}p › qup h™v q i ’ –—] S¢S›œ]k¡w [ t pmq w˜]fgf q}p . _ {.

(85)

(86).        u  c     , P   A!       . q ›%i=fm”—x=†ek [ ]$huv=v p ]fmf q ›k [ ]w q x v;”—km” q x?hI– ’=p hXx w [ k q t p ] v«”¬w§k”—kmf q i=k˜w q ^0]}¨ q i p f¡w [ ]^0] hX– ¤ hMl;f9i=fm]nf5k [ ]%h}v=v p ]fmf"hXx vak [ ] [ ”—fmk q}p l p ]†u”—fmkm] p5q › k [ ]"t p ] ž ” q i=f ’=p hIx w [ ˆ ˆ  h=¨gŒ h Š hIx?v ˆ  ’ ¨ Œ ’Š k q t p ] v;”•w˜k)s”hXx v  ” p ]fmt?] w˜kg” ž ]–—l Š  ‚ i w [ hÙf˜w [ ]^])whIx ’ ]Ùhuv=hItPkm] v k q i=fg] hXxNl ’=p hIx w [ t p ] v;”•w˜kg” q xUf¡w [ ]n^]f w q ^ ’ ”—x=”—x=†h}v=v p ]fgfhXx v [ ” fgk qup l ˆ fm]]› q}p ”—x=fgk¡hIx?w˜]3„—_ „;¨={u„ Š  € ] ¤ ” –—–3f [=qI¤ ”—xUk [ ]™x=]˜j=kfm] w§km” q x)k [ hXk k [ ]™t p ]Mv;”•w˜km” q x” fhXfKh}wnw˜i p hXkm]hXfK”ó›k [ ]™h}v=v p ]fmf q › k [ ] ’=p hXx w [š[ h}v ’ ]]nx8i=fm] v)”—x=fgkm] huv9T ©x † †}i p m] ‡?¨ o hhXx v o@’šp ]˜›œ] p k q k [ ],t p ] v;”•w˜km]Mv q iPk¡w q ^] ¤%[ ]nxUk [ ]  p hXx w [šo@p ]Mv;”•w˜km” q x Z h ’ – ] ˆ o@Z Š ”—f%” x?v;]˜j=] v ¤ ”—k [ h™hIx v  ’ep ]fgt ] w§km” ž ]–—l;.         u  c    ,   U 

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(88) u† i p ]‡? Z%[ ]™h}v=v p ]fmfŸ†}]x=] p hIk q}p hX–—f q t pmq v;i w˜]nf # hIx vk [ ]­k p hIxPfm”—km” q x  ’ ]k ¤ ]]x  ’ hXx v)s”W ax w˜]0k [ ]nfm] ž hI–—i=]nfh p ]™t pgq v;i w˜] v¨Qk [ ]™k¡hX† w [ ]Mwm£;”—x=†e› q}p k [ ]  Z  ]x;k p l  ’  ’ ]†u” xPfhXx vk [ ] huv=v p ]nfmf a”"”—f­w q ^t=i=kg] v” x8hefg” ^0”—–¬h p ¤ hMlN ‚;q ” x?v;]˜j=”—x=†ek [ ]  Z  ¤ ”—k [) hIx?v  ”—f­v q x=]™”—x t h p hX– –—]–©¨ ’ i=kk [ ]™k¡hX†I¢©^hIk˜w [ ”—x=†,› q}pa h!hXx v  ’ “” ft h p kg”¬hX–—– l0fm] p ”•hI–—” ‹ ] v9 Z%[ ”—fw q xPfmk p hI”—x;k” f t h p k q ›+k [ ]t h p hI–—–—]–—”—fm^ ž f "fgt ]n] vek p h}v;] q ª ˆ ¥m’Pp hI”—x=”•huw˜f ž fM@fmt?]] v)v;]^ q x=fm¦ Š  †. 0=ŒJ =Œ Ž6 9Š‹ Z%[ ]hI^ q i=x;k q › ”—x;› q}p ^ehIkg” q xefmk qup ] v)”—x8h0k ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£šh [ ] h}v  Z  ]x;k p l)” f q x=–—lšh‰›œ] ¤(’ ” kgf ¤ ”•v;] p k [ hIx)” x8hew q x ž ]x;km” q x hX–  Z  ˆ t q fm”—kg” q x #aq › k [ ] ’=p hIx w [ ”—x  hXx vk [ ] k p hIxPfm”—km” q x k©l;t ]  h   ” Š  Z%¤q ]nxNk p ”—]f™^ehMl ’ ]hXfmf q w˜”•hXkm] v ¤ ”—k [ hUfg” xP†}–—]huv=v p ]nfmf  h= Z%[ ]  Z  ]x;k p l  h Z(p ] w q}p v;f,” x«› q}p ^hIkg” q x0› q}p h ’=p hIx w [ ”—xšk [ ]™k¡h p †u]k ’ hXfm”•w ’ – q wm£ q › ’=p hXx w [8 h=¨ hXx vU]nxNk p l  h  p ] w qup v;f,”—x;› q}p ^hXkm” q x‰› q}p h ’=p hXx w [ ”—xUk [ ],›©hI–—–ó¢Wk [=pmq i=† [U’ hIfm”•w ’ – q wm£ q › ’=p hIx w [  h= x;k p l  h ”•v;]x;km” † ]fh‰fm”—x=†}–—] ’ hIfm”•w ’ – q wg£9¨ [ ]x w˜]™h™fg”—x=†}–—]k˜h p †u]k ¨]˜j w˜]t=ka› qup  h ZF¤%[ ]x  h™”—f hIxe”—x v;” p ]Mw˜k ’=p hXx w [Uq}p h,t pmq w˜] v;i p ] p ]nkmi p xQG Œ%]x w§]}¨?k [ ]k ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£h [ ] h}v  Z  v q ]fax q k p ] °ui=” p ]^ q}p ]a]x;k p ” ]nf k q huw [ ”—] ž ]k [ ]Kf˜hI^0] [ ”—k p hXkm” q hIf h™w q x ž ]x;km” q x?hI–  Z   0‡ Š Š: QŽ6S=‹ US‹   ‚ ”—x w˜]^ q fmk q ›"k [ ]­w q x v;”—kg” q x hI– ’=p hXx w [ ]fh p ]]”—k [ ] p ^ q fgkm–—l™k¡hX£}]x q}p ^ q fgkm–—l ›WhX–—–¢©k [Ppmq iP† [ „ {u|: m¨}k [ ]  Z  ¤ ”—–—– q ›œkg]x q x=–—l p ] w qup v q x=] q ›  h Z q}p" h Ÿ Z%[ iPfk [ ]KhXfmf q w˜”•hXkm” ž ” k©l p ] °ui=” p ] ve”—x0k [ ]k ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£h [ ] huv  Z  ”—f%x q k [ ” † [ ] p k [ hIxe”—xh™w q x ž ]x;km” q x=x hI–  Z    xe]x;k p l  hV” fÍ^hItPt ] vŸ”—x™k [ ]  Z  hIf@› q –—– qI¤ f9– qI¤ ¢ q}p v«] p"’ ”—kmf q ›  h p ] iPfm] v‰k q huv=v p ]nfmfk [ ]afm]k ˆ  Z  ”—x v;]§j«”—x=† Š ¨=hXx v ’ q k [ h(hXx v [ ”—† [ ¢ q}p v;] p%’ ”—kmf q ›  h p ]i=fg] vek q k˜hI†™k [ ]]x;k p lhI–—– q whIkg] v ¤ ”—k [ ”—x k [ ]fm]nk .    

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(91) .    B P  f­v q xP]­”—xU^ q fmk%t pmq w˜]fgf q}p f­k q †}]kk [ ]$huv=v p ]nfmf› qup t pgq w˜] v;i p ] p ]kmi p x=f ¨3k [ ]™k ¤q ¢W–—] ž ]– ’=p hIx w [ t p ] v;”•w˜k q}p,p ]–—”—]f q xÙhb*]kmi p x  v=v p ]fmf ‚ k¡huwg£ q xNk qe¤%[ ”•w [8p ]kmi p x‘huv=v p ]fmfg]f$h p ]0t=i=f [ ] v ¤%[ ]x k [ ]whI–—–—fh p ]%›œ]nk¡w [ ] v9 %] ž ] p k [ ]–—]fgf ¨9hIx™]x;k p l  h ”•v;]nxNkg” † ]f%hfg” xP†}–—] ’ hIfg”•w ’ – q wg£­]˜j w˜]nt=k ¤%[ ]x  h,” fhIx0” x?v;” p ] w˜k ’=p hXx w [Uq}p h p ]kmi p xQe ©xek [ ],whIfg] q › p ]nkmi p x=f ¨?fm] ž ] p hI– ’=p hXx w [ ]fw q i=–•vew q x ”•w˜k › qup k [ ]f˜hI^]a]x;k p l”—x v«]˜j=] v ’ l0k [ ] p ]kmi p x huv=v p ]fmfhIf%^]nxNkg” q x=] v,”—x „Ë{}:„ m Z@qUqIž ] p w q ^]™k [ ”—f­t pmq}’ – ]n^š¨ o t ’ ]”—x=†)k [ ]0t pmq w˜] v«i p ]šwnhI–—– hXx v  ’ k [ ]et pmq w˜]Mv;i p ] p ]kgi p x ”—x)k [ ]™]˜j hX^t=–—]f [=qI¤ x)”—x † †}i p ]$~P¨Qh  Z  ]x;k p l o t b ”—fhX–—– q whXkm] v ” xPfmkm]Mh}v q ›%hIx)]x;k p l  ’=Z . . . . . _)‡.

(92) .

(93) Bb+1 BbR Cc+1. BbN Dual-Ported Branch Target Buffer. Dual-Ported Instruction Cache. BbT. SAS. RAS. AaR AaN AaT. Ai. Bi. Pa Prediction Table. Bb type Cc type. Address Generator. Pb Pa used?. Ci. Pb used?. Di. Cc Bb. Ai Bi B. Instruction Selection b c. ˆ h Š%o@p ]Mv;”•w˜km”—x=† AaT. b type(Bb) target(Bb). Pa. AaN. b type(Bb) target(Bb). RAS. SAS. b type(Bb) target(Bb). case (Ai->Bi) T. Z%¤q  Xh fm”•w  – q gw £;f Pb. if (AaT hit) then. BbT. Ci. c type(Cc) target(Cc). Pa used?. c type(Cc) target(Cc). RAS. SAS. c type(Cc) target(Cc). case (Bi->Ci) T. if (BbT hit) then. if (type(AaT)=uncond) then Ci=target(AaT). if (type(BbT)=uncond) then Di=target(BbT). if (type(AaT)=cond) then if (Pa=T) then Ci=target(AaT) else Ci=b(AaT)+1. B. BbN. if (type(AaT)=return) then Ci=top(RAS) else Ci=B+1. Pb used?. N if (AaN hit) then. if (type(BbT)=cond) then if (Pb=T) then Di=target(BbT) else Di=c(BbT)+1. C. if (type(BbT)=return) then Di=top(RAS). N. else Di=C+1 if (BbN hit) then. if (type(AaN)=uncond) then Ci=target(AaN). if (type(BbN)=uncond) then Di=target(BbN). if (type(AaN)=cond) then if (Pa=T) then Ci=target(AaN) else Ci=b(AaN)+1. if (type(BbN)=cond) then if (Pb=T) then Di=target(BbN) else Di=c(BbN)+1. if (type(AaN)=return) then Ci=top(RAS). if (type(BbN)=return) then Di=top(RAS). else Ci=B+1. else Di=C+1. R. R S=top(SAS). S=top(SAS). if (S valid) then. if (S valid) then. if (type(S)=uncond) then Ci=target(S). if (type(S)=uncond) then Di=target(S). if (type(S)=cond) then if (Pa=T) then Ci=target(S) else Ci=b(S)+1. if (type(S)=cond) then if (Pb=T) then Di=target(S) else Di=c(S)+1. if (type(S)=return) then Ci=top(RAS). if (type(S)=return) then Ci=top(RAS). else Ci=B+1. else Di=C+1. b. Ai->Bi. Bi->Ci. c Ci->Di. ±3”—†}i p ]Q‡. i w˜km” q x  v=v p ]fgf

(94) ]xP] p hXkm” q x Z%¤q ¢  – q wg£  [ ] huv  p hIx w [š_ o@~ p ] v;”•w˜k q}p ”—x  q i ’ –—]QS¢â±P]k˜w [Uo@pgq w˜]fmf q}p  . ˆ ’Š ©x=fgk p. Di.

(95) q xÙhe^”—fmt p ] v;”•w˜kg” q x ¤%[ ]xÙk [ ] p ]”—f­h ’=p hXx w [ ”—x8k [ ] ’ – q wg£8s k q £u]]t ” x«› q}p ^hIkg” q xUh ’?q i=kŸk [ ] ’=p hIx w [ s%w ˆ † †  ~ ˆ w Š Š  Z%[ ]  Z  ” f%fg] h p w [ ] v› qup hIxe]x;k p l o t?b ¤%[ ]x=] ž ] p h™whX–—–5”—x=fgk p i w˜km” q x o te”—f›œ]k˜w [ ] v ˆ † †?"~ ˆ h Š Š z©x q}p v;] p k q ^ehI”—x;k¡hX” x,k [ ” f”—x;› qup ^hXkm” q x,i=x;km”—–9k [ ] p ]kgi p xU”—x=fgk p i w˜km” q x ›œ]nk¡w [ ”—x=† ¨;k [ ]k ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£h [ ] h}v ’=p hXx w [ t p ] v;”•w˜k q}p i=fg]fKh ‚ ] w q x v  vPv p ]fgf ‚ k˜h}wg£ ˆ ‚«;‚Š   w q t;l q › k [ ] o t b ]x;k p l8”—ft=i=f [ ] v ”—x;k q k [ ] ‚;; ‚ ¤%[ ]x=] ž ] po t?b [ ”—kmf”—x8k [ ]  Z  zak [ ] pm¤ ”—fg]}¨hXx ”—x ž hI–—”•v]x;k p l™”—f"t=i=f [ ] v9 € [ ]x™k [ ] p ]kmi p x”—f"t p ] v;”•w˜kg] v™k q’ ]*›œ]k˜w [ ] v™k [ ] x=]§j«k%w˜l=w˜–—]}¨;k [ ]%]x;k p l ”—ft q t=t?] v q i=ka› pmq ^ k [ ] ‚;; ‚ ”—x qup v;] p h}ww˜i p hIkg]–—lšt p ] v;”•w˜k™h ’=p hXx w [ ”—xšk [ ]™fmi ’ fm] °ui=]x;k ’ hIfg”•w ’ – q wg£”ó›+hXx;l ˆ † †?"~ ˆ ’ Š Š  Z%[ ] ¤%[Pq –—]t pmq w˜]fgf ”—f›œi p k [ ] p v;]k˜hI”—–—] v0”—x † †ui p Q] ‡  ±3”—x hX– –—l”—x v;” p ] w§k ’=p hIx w [ ]f"h p ]"t p ] v;”•w˜kg] v”—xk [ ]"k ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£ h [ ] h}v ’=p hIx w [ t p ] v;”•w˜k q}p@’ l p ]Mw q}p vu¢ ”—x=†0k [ ]” p –•hIfgk k¡h p †u]kKhuv=v p ]nfmfm]nf  Z%[ ] p ]˜› q}p ]$hXxU]x;k p l  h Z ^”—† [ k ’ ]™hI–—– q whIkg] v ¤%[ ]nx  h™”—fKhXx ”—x v;” p ] w˜k r i=^t™”—x qup v;] p k q t p ] v;”•w˜kak [ ] ’=p hIx w [ ”—x ’ – q wg£  ”ó›+hIx;l;  IY # X™  

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(98) 

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(100) Ï MÝmÏâÈ}ɕÀÂĘã=ß .

(101). _ ƒ. .

(102) procedure. Pi. Bb. Pp. Ci=Pp+1. Cc. Di. BTB. Pp. PpR. Second Address Stack. Return Address Stack. Pp+1. (a) - Call Pp is detected at fetch time, the stacks are written. procedure. Pi. Bb. Pp. Ci=Pp+1. Cc. Return Address Stack. Ci. Second Address Stack. Ci->Di. Di. (b) - Ret Bb is detected at fetch time, the stacks are read. procedure Bb. Pi. Pp. Ci=Pp+1. Cc. Di. BTB PpR. _ „. c, Cc type, Cc target. (c) - Branch Cc was mispredicted, the BTB is updated. ±3” †ui p ]~  %Z [ ] k ¤q ¢ ’ – q wg£h [ ]Mh}v p ]kgi p xfmk¡huwg£¯.

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