نحو تفكير جديد في إدارة الإنتاج في ظل هيمنة التسويق

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ﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ

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ﺭﻀﺨﻝ ﺝﺎﺤ

-ﺘﺎﺒ

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ﺔﻨ

ﻠﻜ

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ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ

ﻠﻋﻭ

ـــــ

ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭ

ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻫ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﻭﺤﻨ

ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ) ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒﺒ ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒﺒ ﺯﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ (

ﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻃﺃ

ﺓﺩ

ﻩﺍﺭﻮﺘﻛﺩ

ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ

ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺔﺒﻌﺸ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﺍ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝ : ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ : ﺔﻴﻜﺯ ﻲﺤﻼﻓ ﺭﻤﻋ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﻱﺭﻘﻤ

ﻨﺠﻟ

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ﻤﻟﺍ ﺔ

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ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨ

::::

ﺐﻘﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﺳﻻﺍ

ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺗﺮﻟﺍ

ﺔﻔﺼﻟﺍ

1 -ﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻘــ ﺎـــــﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﻑــﻴﻁﺴ ﺔﻌـﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ 2 -ﻝﺎﺼ ﻲﺤﻼﻓ ﺢـ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺔـــﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌـﻤﺎﺠ ﺍﺭﺭـــــﻘﻤ 3 ﺓﺩﻴﻋﺩﺒ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌـﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺭـ ﺎﺸﻗﺎـــــﻨﻤ 4 ﻱﺩﻗ ﺩﻴﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺭــﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌـﻤﺎﺠ ﺎﺸﻗﺎـــــﻨﻤ 5 -ﻀﺨﻝ ﻲﻤﻠﻴﺩ ﺭـ ﺭﻀﺎـــﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺔـــﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌـﻤﺎﺠ ﺎﺸﻗﺎـــــﻨﻤ 6 -ﻴﻔﻤ ﻱﻭﺎﻴﺤﻴ ﺓﺩـ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺓ ﺭﻀﺎـــﺤﻤ ﺓ ﺎﺸﻗﺎـــــﻨﻤ ﺓﺭــﻜﺴﺒ ﺔﻌـﻤﺎﺠ ﺴﻝﺍ ــــ ﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨ ــ ﻌﻤﺎ ـــ ﺔﻴ

2007

-2008

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ﻬﻔﻟﺍ

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ﺱﺮ

ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﶈﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 1 ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ 3 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻓ 6 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ 8 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﱪﻣ 9 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ 11 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ 12 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻣ 14 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﻴﻫ 15

ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ

:

ﺀﺎﺳﺭﻹ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ

ﺔﺑﺭﺎﻘﻣ

ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻺﻟ ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺗ

18 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 19 ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﻭ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ 20 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 21 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻪﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣﻭ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻠﻟ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ 21 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ 22 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﻉﺎﺴﺗﺍ 26 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻊﺳﻮﺗ 30 ﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﻲﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻗﻮﳌﺍ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﰲ ﻪﺗﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗﻭ 35 ﺎﺴﻣﺎﺧ : ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ : ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺗ ﻮﳓ 38 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﻠﻟ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻮﳓ 40 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺔﻴ 44 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟﺍ 46 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ 50 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺍﺪﺒﻟﺍ 67 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺍﺪﺒﻟﺍ 68 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ 72 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ 79 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ : ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ : ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ 81 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ 83 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ 86

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ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻏﺎﻴﺻ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺔ 96 ﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﻊﺿﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ 101 ﺎﺴﻣﺎﺧ : ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ 102 ﺎﺳﺩﺎﺳ : ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟﺍ 104 ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ 105 ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ 106 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 107 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ 107 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻧﻭ ﻕﺍﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ 109 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺬﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻬﺘﺳﻻﺍ ،ﺔﺋﺰﺠﺘﻟﺍ / ﻗﻮﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻊ 117 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﳋﺍ 120 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘ 120 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ 122 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ 123 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﻢﻬﻓ 123 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣﻭ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻠﻟ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ 125 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ 126 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻲﺋﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟ ﺓﺩﺪﶈﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ 129 ﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﺀﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ 132 ﺎﺴﻣﺎﺧ : ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﻣ ﻮﳓ 134 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ : ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ 136 ﺃ ﻻﻭ : ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ 137 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ 138 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﲔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ 143 ﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﺔﻴ 145 ﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ ﱐﺎﺜﻟ 149 ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻖﻠﺧ ﰲ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﻲﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻳﺰﳌﺍ 150 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 151 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﲑﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳﻭ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ 151 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ 151 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﲑﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ 167 ﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺚ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳﻭ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ 178

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ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ 178 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ 187 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻠﻟ ﻞﻳﺪﺑ ﱐﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻻﺍ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ : ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﲢ 194 ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ 205 ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﲤﺎﺧ 206

ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ

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ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ

:

ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ

208 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 209 ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ ﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺔ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻺﻟ 211 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 212 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻺﻟ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ : ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻂﻴﻄﲣﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ 212 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺠ 213 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ 215 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﳌﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ 229 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻴﺳﻮﻤﻠﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ 229 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ 230 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻌﻣ ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺐﻠﻃ ﺭﺎﻴ 233 ﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﺝﻮﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﻖﻓﺪﺗ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ 234 ﺎﺴﻣﺎﺧ : ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ 235 ﺎﺳﺩﺎﺳ : ﻊﻳﻮﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ 237 ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ 238 ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﻹ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ 238 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 239 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ 239 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ 240 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺓﺭﺪﻨﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ 241 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻲﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺞﻳﺰﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﰲ 244 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻲﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺪﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ 250 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ 250 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ 252 ﺛ ﺎﺜﻟﺎ : ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻸﻟ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻮﳓ 253 ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ 254 ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﰲ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ : ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻣﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ 255 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 256 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﲝ ﺝﺫﺎﳕ : ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻣﻷﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﳕ 256

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ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻴﻄﳋﺍ ﺔﳎﱪﻟﺍ 258 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ 260 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﲔﻴﻌﺘﻟﺍ 262 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻟﺍ MRP ﻭ JIT ﻭ OPT : ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﳕ 263 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻂﻴﻄﲣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ MRP 264 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺩﺪﶈﺍ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ JIT 276 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻞﺜﻣﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ OPT 286 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻠﺿﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﻖﻘﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ 296 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻘﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﺏﻮﻴﻋﻭ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ 296 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ OPT, JIT, MRP 298 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﲔﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍ OPT, JIT, MRP 300 ﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﻹﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧ 302 ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ 304 ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﲤﺎﺧ 304

ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ

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ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻣ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ

ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣﻭ

ﺔﻨﺗﺎﺒﺑ ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ

307 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 308 ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﻲﻋﺎﻄﻗ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻟ ﺝﺎﻣﺪﻧﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻﻭ ﺐﻴﻠﳊﺍ 310 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 311 ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺓﺮﻈﻧ 312 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ 312 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺐﻴﻠﳊﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ 313 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ 316 ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﰲ ﺝﺎﻣﺪﻧﻻﺍ ﺹﺮﻓﻭ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﻈﻧ ﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲ 319 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ 319 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺐﻴﻠﳊﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ 325 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ 328 ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ 331 ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﻭ ﺽﺮﻋ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻣ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ 333 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 334 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗﻭ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻣ 334 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻣ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺽﺮﻋ 334

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ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﳌ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ 336 ﻟﺎﺛ ﺎﺜ : ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﳌ ﺔﺣﺮﺘﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ 352 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻊﺿﻭﻭ ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﳌ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ 354 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ 355 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ 356 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ 360 ﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻝﺎﺟﻵﺍ 362 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻣ ﰲ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ 367 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻄﳋﺍ ﺔﳎﱪﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ 368 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻖﻴﺒﻄ MRP ﻭ JIT ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻣ ﰲ 374 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻲﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﲟ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ 383 ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ 389 ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﺔﻨﺗﺎﺒﺑ ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗﻭ ﺽﺮﻋ 390 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 391 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻝﻭ : ﺔﻨﺗﺎﺒﺑ ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗﻭ ﺽﺮﻋ 391 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺽﺮﻋ 392 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻟ ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺪﺣﻮ 393 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺔﺣﺮﺘﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻟ ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺪﺣﻮ 405 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻟﺍ ﱐﺎﺜ : ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻟ ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻊﺿﻭﻭ ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺪﺣﻮ 406 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ 406 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ 408 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ 410 ﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ : ﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺪ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻝﺎﺟﻵﺍ 411 ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﰲ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ 414 ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻄﳋﺍ ﺔﳎﱪﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ 415 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ MRP ﻭ JIT ﰲ ﺯﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ 418 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﻲﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﲟ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ 434 ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﻼﺧ 441 ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﲤﺎﺧ 441 ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﲤﺎﳋﺍ 443 ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ 451 ﻝﻭﺍﺪﳉﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ 453 ﻖﺣﻼﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ 456 ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ 457

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ﺔـــﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟﺍ

ﺔــﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ _________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ___ ________

ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻫ ﻞﻇ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺮﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻮﺤﻧ

ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ) ﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻤ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒﺒ ﺱﺍﺭﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒﺒ ﺯﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ (

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ : ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻰﻠﺜﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﺒ ﺎﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ . ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩـﻗ ﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻡﺯﺅﻴ ﺎﻫﻭﻤﻨ لﺩﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝ . ﻭ ﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗ ﺩ ﻥـﻜﻤﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﺼﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﻴ ﻅﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺏﻭﺅﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﻴﻌﺴ لﻭﺤﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﺍﻭـﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﻴ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻨﻠﻘﻋﻭ ، ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺩـﻴﺩﺠ ﺎﻁﻭﻐﻀ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺫﺌﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ لﻭﺤﺘﺘﻝ ﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺘﺎﺒ ﺫﺇ ﻡﻬﺘ ﺕ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻻ ﺘ ﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻜ ﺝﺎﺘﻨ ﺏﻋﻭﺘﺴ ﺎ . ﺎـﻤﺍﺯﻝ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻭﺴﻠﻝ ﺫﻓﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ . ﻭ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ لﺩﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﻤﺯﻠﻤ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻹ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻬﻅ . ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻌﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻪﺒﻠﻁﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﺒﻠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺍﺯﻝ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﻠﻁﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﺒﻠﻴ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻠﺤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﺒﻠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻵﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﺠﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃﻭ لﺒ . ﺒ ﺭـﻤﻴ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻠﻝ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﺠﻝ ﻥﺇ ﺭﻭـﻁﺘ لـﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ . ﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ﻙﻼﻬﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﺏﺒﺴ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ . ﺎـﻤﻭﺩ ﻪـﺠﻭﻴ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻏﺭ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻪﻁﺎﺸﻨ . ﺕﺎـﺠﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﻝ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺭﻴ ﻲﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺒﻭ ،ﻻﻭﺃ ﻲﺒﻠﻴ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺱﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤ ، ﻓﺃ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻀ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ . ﺔـﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺏﺴـﺤ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﻝ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ ﺄﺸﻨﻭ ﺏﺫـﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻓﺩـﻝﺍ " Push Pull ." ﻪـﺘﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﻲﺒﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺙﺒﻝ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺩﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ . ﻻﺇ ﻠﻗ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻴـﺴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻘ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻠﻝ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻥﻤ . ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻡﺜ ﻑﺌﺎـﻅﻭ ﺩﺤﺄﻜ ،ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺠﺘﻨﺘ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻊﻴﺒﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒـﺼﺃ ﻡﺜ ،ﺭﻤﻷ ﻪﺠﺘﻨﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﺘﺘﻝ ﻁﻁﺨﺘ . ﻴﺩﺠ ﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﺤﻭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﺩ : ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻁﻁﺨﺘ ﻑﻴﻜ ؟ﻪﻌﻴﺒ ﺩﻭﺩـﺤ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺢﺒﺼﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻁﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻊﺴﺘﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ﺎﻫﺍﺩﻌﺘﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ .

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ ______________________ ﻥﻼﻌﺠﻴ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻼﻜ ﻥﺇ ﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﺔﻤ . ﺎـﻤﻫﻻﻭﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴـﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸـﻤ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻠﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ . ﻥـﻋ ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻨﺎﺜﻭ ﺙـﻴﺤ ،ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺞﺘﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﻺﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺎﻬﺠﺘﻨﺘﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻡﻠﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ،ﻕﻭ . ﻬﺘﻴﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻭ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺏﺠﻴ لﻭﻷﺍ لﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﻭ ﺎ ﻭ ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴـﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺫﺃ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺔـﺌﻴﺒ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ . ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ،ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ لﺠﻷﻭ ﻝ ــ Porter ﻭ ﻲﻨﺎـﺜﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭـﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻁﺴﻭﺒ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝ (Boston Consulting Group B.C.G.II)

ﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝ ﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ . ﺙﻭـﺤﺒ ﻲـﻓ ﺎـﻬﺒﻠﻏﺃ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻡﺘﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ . ﻝ لﺜﻤﻷﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﻺ ﺩﻭﻴﻗ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺘ ﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﻔ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔ ﻻ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻻ ﺩـﻗﻭ ،ﻪﻌﻴﺒ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻕﻭﻔﻴ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁ ﻕﻭﻔﻴ ﺩﻗ لﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻁ ،ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺫﺃ ﻥﻷ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁ ﻲﺒﻠﻴ ﻼﺜﻤ ﺕﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤ . ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ : ﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺈ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ، ﺕﺎـﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ﺒ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺈ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺍ ﺙﺍﺩـﺤﻷﺍ ﻪـﺘﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝ ﺔ ﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔ . ﺍﺩﺌﺎﺴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ،ﺔـﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﺸﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ لﻀﻓﺃ ﻍﻭﻠﺒ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻴ ﻪﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ . ﻯﻭﺼـﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺩـﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﺕﻌﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺴ ﺭﺨﺂﺒ ﻭﺃ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻁﺎﻋ ﺀﺯﺠ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﺩﻴﻔﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ . ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺩﻴﻌﺒﻭ لﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﺼ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ . ﻑـﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻱﺃ ﻥﺄـﺒ ﺩـﻜﺄﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﻼﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﻤ ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﻻﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﺸﺭﻠﻝ . ﻁﺒﺘﺭـﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔـﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻭ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻨﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﻌﺘﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝ . ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻜ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻠﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻭ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ . ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻻﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻹﺍ ﻕﺤﺘﺴﻴ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺜ . ﺩﻌﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻨ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺞﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤ ﺓﺭﺩﻨ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻲﻫ لﺒ ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺘ ﻻ ﺓﺭﺩﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ، ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ . ﻭ ﺢﺒـﺼﺃ ﻡﻭـﻬﻔﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻥﻋ ﻻﺩﺒ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻓﺩﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒﻭ ﺓﺩ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻠﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻸﻝ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ .

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻀﺭﺘﻓﺍ ﻨﺎ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ، ﺓﺭﺩﻨ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻑﻭﺴ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﻨ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ . ﺓﺭﺩﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝ ﻥـﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺅﺴـﻤﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻨﻷ ﻕﻴ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ . ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﺠﺤﺒ ﺱﺎﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻷﺎﺒ ﻻﻭ ﻑﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺠﺤﺒ لﺒ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ . ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭـﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎـﺨﺘﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻠﻓ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻁﻌﺘ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ﻡﻏﺭ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻁﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻘﻓ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ . ﻭ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﻠﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻻﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻴﻜﺸﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩـﻌﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺫﺇ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ لﺒ ،ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺞﺘﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻝﺎﺼ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ . ﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺩـﻴﻜﺃ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔ . ﻥﻤﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥـﻤ ﺔـﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺤﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﻼﻁﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻡﻫﻷﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰ . ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﻭ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺏﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺍﻭﻋﺩﻴ ﻥﺎﺒﺒﺴ ﻥﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻹ ﺏﺴﻨﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ . ﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻴ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺴ ﻥﺇ ﺔـﻴﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎـﻅﻭﻠﻝ ﺔ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ . ﺩﻗﻭ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍﻭ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻰﺠﺭﻴ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻥـﻤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﺎﻬﻬﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﻷ ﻲﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﻭ ﺭﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻁ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ . ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻤﻫﺎﺴ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﻘﻋﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﺩﺤ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺏﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ . ﻥﻴﻤﺘﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻅﻨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺕﻝﻭﺤﺘﻭ ﺎـﻬﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃﻭ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ . ﻡﺘـﻴ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﺒ ﺎﻋﺭﺎﺴﺘ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﻡﺜ ﺎﻀـﻴﺃ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴـﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺏﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﻔﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺴﻭ ﺔﻔﺜﻜﻤ ﻕﺭﻁﺒ . ﻓ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﻭﺤﻤ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻲ ﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻐﺸﻨﺍ ﺭ ﺩ ﻥﻴﺭﻴ . لﺤﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻜ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﺭﺒﻭ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ . ﺞﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ،ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻫﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺫﺨﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻲﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ . ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺌﺯﺠﺘﻭ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺈﺒﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﻉﺎﺒﺸﺇ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ لﻔﻜﺘ . ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴـﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴـﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺭﺼ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺃﻭ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﻭﺴ ﺹﺼﺤ ﺏﺴﻜ لﻭﺤ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﻓ . ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ﺱﻓﺎـﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻑﺎﻜ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ لﻀﻓﺃ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺠ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ . ﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﻘﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻤﻴ ﺎ ،ﻲـﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻑﺩـﻬﻜ ﺔﻴﺴـﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﺎﻬﺘﻀﺘﻗﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻴﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔ ﻴ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺒﺘﺴﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ لﺒ ﻪﺠﻭﺘ ﺙﺩﺤﺃ لﻜﺸﺘ

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ . ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻨﻁﺎﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻠﻝ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺈﻜﻭ ﻡﻬﻤﻼﺤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ . ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻱﺭﻴﺩﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﻅ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺔـﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﻡﻴﻫﺎـﻔﻤ ﺀﺎﻘﻝﺇ ﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﻥﻷ ،ﻡﻫﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻕﺒـﺴ ﺎـﻤﻜ ﺔـﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺠﺭﺨ ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ . ﻜ ﺕﺘﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﻜﻷﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ لﺩﺒﻭ ﺩـﻤ ﻥـﻋ ﺔﺒﺌﺎﻏﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﻜﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ل ،ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻱﺭﻴ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺕﻨﻤﻴﻫﻭ ﺉﺭﻘﺘﺴﺘ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺎﻬﻜﻼﺘﻤﻻ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﺒ . ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻸﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻨ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ . ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ،ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺼﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻓﻭﺼﻭﻤ ﺓﺭﺩﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥـﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺏﺠﻴ لﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﻔﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺭﺼﺘ ﻪﻔﻴ . ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻻ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺱﻴﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺯﻝ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﺒ لﺒ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺫﺒﺘﺒ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﺏـﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﻕﻭﺴـﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺍﺩ ﺎﻤ . ﻭﺎﺴﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻕﺒﺎﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻊـﻤ ﺔـﻴﻌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻱ ﺙﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻨ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ . ﻨﺈﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻪ ﺔـﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻕﻭـﻔﺘ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻻ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻝﺍ . ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﻤﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ، ﺔـﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﺍﺭـﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺏﺠﻭﺘـﺴﺍ ﺎـﻤﻤ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻓﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻊﺴﺘﺘ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ ﺘ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘ . ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴـﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻶﻝ ﺎﻜﺭﺍﺩﺘﻭ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻹﺎﺒ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﻭﺠﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﻻ ﺩﺤ ﻊﻀﻭ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ _ ﻯﺭﺤﻷﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ . ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﻭﺠﺭﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﻥﻷ ﺓﺩـﻘﻌﻤ ﺍﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻜ ﻭ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻜ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﺩﻌﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ . ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘـﻜ ﺫﺨﺅﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ﻥﺍﺩـﻴﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺄﻜ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻫﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ـﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺝﺎ . ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻬﻓ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒﻭ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻰﺸﺎﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ لﻜ ﺏﺎﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻕﻭـﺴﻝﺍ . ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻘﺜ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ . ﻥﺈـﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ، ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺒﻌﺼ ﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻪـﺘﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻭ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻀﻭﺭﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ لﻜﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﺒﻏﺭﻭ . ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﺏﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺘﻗﻻ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ . ﺢﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﻤ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ لﺍﺅﺴ ﺡﺭﻁﻴ : ﺔـﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻑﻴﻜ ﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺠﻤ ﺕﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻕﻤﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝﻭ ؟ ﻡﺘﻴﺴ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺡﺭﻁ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻓ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ لﺤﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺴ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ :

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 . ﺍﺫﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻝﺃ ؟ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕـﺠﻝﻭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺡﺭﻁﻴ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺍ ﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝ ﺔ ؟ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻺﻝ ﻭ ؟ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺤﺭﻁﻴ ﺕﺎﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺎﻤ 2 . ﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ لﻫﻭ ؟ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻝ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻠ ﻝ ؟ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺎﻤﻭ ؟ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﻤ ﺵﻴﺎﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ 3 . ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻝ ﺏﺠﻭﺘﺴﻴ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻷﺍ ﻴﻝﺎﺴ ﺏ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ ﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔ ؟ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻺﻝ 4 . ،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﻫ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﺔ ﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻬ ـﺘ لﺎﻤﻌﺘـﺴﺍ ﺏﺠﻭﺘﺴ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ؟ 5 . ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺘ ﺱﺭﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ؟ﺎﻬﺘﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﺁ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺠﺎﻤﺩﻨﺍ ﻕﺎﻓ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ؟ 6 . لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻲﺘﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺝ ﻲﻓ ؟ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ 7 . ﺭﻴﺒﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﻁﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻﺍﻭ ﺕ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺴـﺤﺘﻝ ﻲـﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲـﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺏﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺝ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ ؟ 8 . ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺼﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻱﺃﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻺﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﻲ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎـﻗﻭ ﺏﻴﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎـﻐﻝﺍ ؟ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ : ﻲـﻫ ﺩـﻜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺍﻭﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺯﻫ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻠﻝ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻝﺍ ﺘ ﻬﻴﻓ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲ ﺎ . ﺔـﺴﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺈﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﻤﻫﺎﺴ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ Reengineering ﺽﻴـﻔﺨﺘﻭ ﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋﻭ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹ Downsizing ﻯﺩـﻤﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔـﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺴـﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ لـﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﻻ ﻲﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﻠﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ لﻴﻭﻁﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺎﻜ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺭﻴﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻅﺘﻨﺇ ﺩﺩﺠﺘﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺌﺎﺒﺯﻝﺍ . ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ Reactive ﻭﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺏـﺠﻴ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴـﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺎـﻬﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭـﺘ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ Industrial Intelligence ﺔـﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍﻭ EDI

(Electronic Data Interchange) ﻡﻅﻨﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ Subcontracting ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ Organizational Learning ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﻥﻭﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﻭﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﺭﻤ ،ﻥﻭﺒﺯﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻼﺨ . ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻯﺩـﻤ ﺭﺎـﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻡﺘ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻤﺩﻋ ﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺙ : 1 . ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺵﻴﻌﺘ ﻀﺭﻓ ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺎـﻋﺇ ﺢﺒﺼﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻌﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺎﻬ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻨﻤﺯﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺜﻭﺩﺤ . ﺭـﻀﺎﺤ ﺕﺎﺒ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻅ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺒﻀ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻅﻨ . ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺢﻠﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻭ ﺔﻘﺜ لﻜﺒ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻕﺸﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻱﺭﻭﻓ ﻑﺭﺼﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻼﺌﺎﺤ ﻑﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻻ ﻭﺃ ﻑـﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺄﺒ ﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻴﻴﻐ . ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺯﺭﺒﻴﻭ ﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝ ﻯﺩﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻕﺒﻁﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﻬﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﻷ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﻴﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺌﻴ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ . 2 . ﻥﻋ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﻬﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺩﻴﻔﺘ لﺌﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻝﻭﺤ ، ﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺄﻓ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺨ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻥﻭﺒﺯ . ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺎـﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﺎﺒﺌﺎﻏ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﺸﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻲﻁﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﺒ ﺀﺎـﻨﺜﺃ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . ﻥﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺡﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻊﻀﻴ ﻭ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻴ ﺎﻫﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻩﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ، ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻤﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﻱﺩﺅﻴـﺴ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﺍ ﺍﻝ ﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒ ﺓﻭﺠﻔ ﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺠﺘﺴ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﺔ ﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺎﻬ ﻥﻴﻘﻔﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺏﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﺘ . 3 . ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻭ ﻡﺠﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﻷﺍﻭ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺞﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﺭ ،ﻥﻭـﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﺎـﻤﻤ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻴ ﺴﺠ ﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺩ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑ ) لﺠﻷﺍ ،ﺭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻡﺠﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻝﺍ ( . ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻴ ﻡﺘ ﺓﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺍﺩﺘ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻤﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . 4 . ﺇ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻥ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻤﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﺒ ﻊـﻤ ﻕﻔﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺭﻭـﺤﻤﺘﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺔـﻴﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ لﻭـﺤ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲـﻓ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻪﺘﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ . ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺭﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍﻭ ﻻﻭﺒﻗ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺤﺎﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻋﺃ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺩـﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻔﺘﺘﻝ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺡﺭﻁ ﺔﻐﻴﺼ ﺕﺩﺎ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷ . 5 . ﺩﻌﺒ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺘﺇ ﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨ ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻊـﻤ ﺊﻓﺎـﻜﺘﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤ . ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ لﺸﺘﻝ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺝﺎﻤﺩـﻨﻻ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﻁﺴﺒﺃ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻻﻭﻝ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻡﻴﺯﺄـﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﻀﻭ .

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 . لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻕﻭﻔﺘﺘ MRP ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺎﺒ JIT ﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺠﻤﺭﺒﻝﺍ ل لﺜﻤﻤﻜ ،ﺯﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻭ ،ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝ لﺜﻤﻤﻜ ،ﺱﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝ . ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ : ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﺘﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺡﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻐﻝ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻏﺎﻴﺼ . ﻲـﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻰﻁﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ . ﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻅﻨ ﺭـﺜﻜﺃ ﺫﻨﻤﻭ ،ﻅﺤﻴ ﻡﻝ ،ﺕﺎﻤ ﺴﻤﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﺯﻔﻘﻴ ﺍﻭﺀﺩﺒ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﺭ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻀﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﺒ ﻯﻭﺴ ،ﺔﻨﺴ ﻥ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺏﺼﺎﻨﻤ . ﺔـﻴﻨﺍﺯﻴﻤ ﻡـﺠﺤ ﻲﻫﺎﻀﺘﻝ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﺘ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﻱﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺎﻫﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ . ﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻴﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻨ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ . ﻕﺎـﻔﻨﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺸﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻤﺨـﻀ لﺍﻭـﻤﺃ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺤ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻼﻤ ﺍﺩـﺠ ﻊﺴﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻥـﻤ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ ﺎﻫ ﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﺩﻗ لﺎﺼـﺘﻻﺍ لﺌﺎـﺴﻭ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﺎﻫﻭﻤﻨ ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻗﺎﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ . ﺓﺭﺩﻨ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺯﺭﺒﺘﻭ . ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻜﺭﺩﺃ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ﻥﺌﺎـﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻪﻀﻴﻭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻪﺘﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻌﺼﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ . ﺎﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻵﺍ ﺏﻌﺼ ﺭﻤﻷ ﻪﻨﺇ ﺱﻓﺎـﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻊﻨﺼﻤ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻷ ،ﻊﻨﺼﻤ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺌﺎﺒﺯ ﺔﻝ ﻥﺌﺎﺒﺯ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﺱﻜﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻊﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺱﻓﺎﻨﺘﻴ . ﻑﺍﺩـﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻊﺴﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺼﻴﻹﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ لﺜﻤ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ Mass Customization ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻁﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘﺒ ﺀﺎﺼﻴﻹﺍ ﺕ . ﺕﺎـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲـﻓ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺸﺇ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻓﻭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺌﺎﺒﺯﻭ . ﺇﻭ ،ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻲﻐﻠﻴ ﻻ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ لﻜﻝ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﺘ ﻥﺇ ﺙﺩـﺤﻴ ﺎـﻤﻨ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺒﺭﺎﻀﺘ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ . ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﺴﺘﻜﻴﻭ ﻡﻀﻴﻭ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﻤﺜﺘﺴﻴ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ . ﻥﺎـﻜﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺩﺭﺍﻭـﻤﻝﺍ ﻊـﻴﻤﺠﺘ ﺎﻬﺠﺯﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻡﺠﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﻭ ﻲـﻓ ﺭﺜﺅـﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ .

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ ﻭ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻁ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ، ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﻭ ، ﻲﻓ ﺝﺭﺨﻴ ﻻ ﺘﺭﺍﺩﺇ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻪ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻭﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ . ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎـﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﺠﻭﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺄﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻨﻜﻤﻤ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴ ﺎﻨﻜﻤﻤ . ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺜﺤﺒ لﺜﻤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ لﺜﻤﻷﺍ OPT (Optimized Production Technology) . ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ : ﻴﺘﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺔـﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﺘﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺠ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻝ ﻰﻁﻌﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﺒ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺎﺜﻤﺃ ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﻥﻴﺭﻅﻨﻤﻝ Kotler ﻭ Dubois ﻭ Levitt ﻭ Boss ﻭ Salerno ﻭ Berry ﻭ Drucker ﻡﻫﺭـﻴﻏﻭ ﺍﻭـﺌﺒﻨﺘ ﺩﻭـﻘﻋ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺕـﻠﺨ . ﺹﻴﺼـﺨﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻕﻴﻭﺴـﺘﻝﺍ ﺎـﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﻥـﻋ ﺍﻭﺜﺩـﺤﺘﻭ Individualized Marketing ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ ، Relationship Marketing ﻕﻴﻭﺴـﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘ Interactive Marketing ﻩﺫـﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﺭﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ . ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺢﻀﺍﻭ ﺹﻘﻨ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﺼـﻝ ﻪـﻨﻷ ﺏـﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺘﺤﻴ ﻻ ﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻥﻝ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻱﺃﻭ ،ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻻﻭ . ﺍﺩـﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﺜﻜﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ . ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻝ ،ﻲـﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻫ

(Material Requirement Planning) MRP ﻪـﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﺸﻴﻭ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻭ ،ﻊﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﺒ ﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ JIT (Just In Time) ﻡﺎـﻅﻨﻭ ،ﺏﺤﺴـﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﺒ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﺸﻴﻭ لـﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺎـﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺝﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ OPT ﺩﻭـﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺭﻅﻨﺒ ﻰﻤﺴـﻴ ﺎـﻤ ﻭﺃ TOC (Theory Of Constraints) ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸـﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻭـﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻡﺎـﻅﻨﺒ ﺔﻌـﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﺎـﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ، TQM (Total Quality Management) . ﺔـﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤﻝ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻴﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘﻭ ﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭـﻤﻠﻝ لﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺭﻴﺜﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺭﺎﺜﺃ ﺩﻗ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻠﻝ لﻭﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻲـﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺏـﻨﺎﺠﻜ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺡﺍﺭﺘﻗﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ) ﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻤ ( ﺎـﻬﻠﻴﻌﻔﺘ ﻡـﺜ ،ﺎﻫﺩـﻴﻠﻘﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ . ﻩﺫـﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺩﻭﻘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺎﻬﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏﻭ