Dimensionnement heuristique des réseaux optiques WDM multifibres par arrondi aléatoire de multiflot
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Dimensionnement heuristique des réseaux optiques WDM multifibres par arrondi aléatoire de multiflot Nicolas Baskiotis — Stéphane Pérennes — Hervé Rivano. N° 4418 – version 2 version initiale Mars 2002 – version révisée Aout 2003 THÈME 1. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche.
(3)
(4)
(5) !"
(6) $# % '& ()*+-,/. 0#$1$
(7) /2) 3
(8) 4()* 5
(9) 3 6 798;:=<?>A@BC>D@FEG7H:DIJ7H@GKMLONGIJPRQ ST>DU+VMWXP;YFVRU U+VR@GZ/LO[ VRY\DP^]_7`\D>AU+:ba cedgfhjijkm|Olo}r~uzni xbpqrisusutwq{v ~ui xxbx{i qrywqzx{fhjiq ns D~u}rxwi}{i*di}{*di= uAk_ui }{~uqrtw~;xXu+uuloj ui}{gqrsu~;u iq xrs is }*q uR3lui}*qr~; }{pqrpi tG¡© t¢F£ i3¤2hj¡~w¥wp¦§iFqrq+s xrxr}*~usJ ¨s itw_vx{qi© }{s¨hCxx*isu*wdimiRhx«tgª¼x{w¼Àgp ~u¬gxgi}§RxrieiD}F®rÁg¯;¦§° i ±²x³jx{i3´hCµ ~w¶_w®rp¯¨¶wq{·s¨¸xr¹R~u´¯*DA·9iºH}r»hj¶g´Xix³G¶w© ±¼i·9Rº ½e°-qr®rsu´ ¾ uisu}ÂAwqi ÿ ~ugiqsu}{~Jvhs¨x{~;gqÂi xditg}rqzx{ ¿ tiFqÁ x{ÄƼÀAÅg~ ÇFx¢ ÌgÈ*hÉuÊ`t¡¢_xr¬ ¥Ëà }{niuÌpsuqri}rsu}{~utwgv~u=wsux{ pF¿ s¨tx{iF~uq}rÌRi;hÁ tg¼x{i vsuuibi ~u;titg}{q§© ~;gwi;ÌRwhjigqr~uihjiRxÌhtg¼Í. ΧâOÏAã¨ä;ÐzÑ-å ÒÔæÓOçJÕèéä;Ñ-å ÖHèÔ×êçJØ*ÒÔëuÓ«äuÙæzÚJêÛ ìjÜzÖ9ÝÔê;ÓzæzÚJã¨ÖHí;ÓOî¨ÞJî ÓOï ßRà Ñ-á ðOû üñ ýå¨ê;ÒÔÝéä;Ø{ã¨þ9ÝÔïmÑ-áJò«ÿGïÞJó-ÓzïFÿ ã¨Ø*íRÚôMþ?Ózõ«ÚJÖHöÿ ÷ù×Ø*ø;á ô=Ú¨è¼çJØ*è¼á æzþ?ïuÓzúwÿã¨Þ¨ä;Ø*å áJæÿ çJÒéèéØ ä;å ÓzèÔêRÖ9ÿ9çJÝÔë;Ñ-á3äuæÑ-êÖHÝ ì-ÝÔá¨ê;Ø*æzÒÔã¨Ó í;î¨î ï . . . Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis 2004, route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France) Téléphone : +33 4 92 38 77 77 — Télécopie : +33 4 92 38 77 65.
(10) Ë + G ' "
(11) )- -,/. % '&
(12) $# Â) Â
(13) j .
(14) Â"
(15) /
(16) )- Â
(17)
(18) - 5
(19) s$sughC¢~wdÇ wiitgÉu}{Çuqz¥+x{xrceiq}rdhÁ q qTÂ~ ~uG} jRx{wiiusui}Oq htgxr¼x{dxr~udhji3hjwi ~¬A¼xz¼x{y~;Àg~ ~ GÁ+xrcedgdiq«³Chj¶w±é~·?º ½Âi°{D´ ®iFsu¯*DqO·9º xr*~$¸ ±G;®r~R¯¨~w¶wj·?º s R¹g3A}r®r~J¯Rvw°-h±´³ s¨xrs ~uAA q ÀA~ =ÌwÈ htÅ xr ¬ ¢uà ¥ i}FXÌ}{suxrgws ~;hCgi x ÂiF_~u} }{~uqtÌ AÂwsJg;giÁ iuxrdwq~uhtg¼x{i vwgÌiqr;GÌwhtxr ~;hjhC~wwxzy . . . . . . . . . . . . *). +. .-. . . . "$#&% ' ( . . . ,. . . . . !.
(20) .
(21) º ³´ g¾*ºH¯ =´ ³´ A·w´ ¶w®-º¾-·?ºH» ¶g´Cµu´ ¾®-¾´*¸¨¶¯*D·9ºH»¶g´ ¾$³¶w±é·?º ½Â° ®r´ ¾ . . . .
(22) / «
(23) |+s su}*gsu ; sÂxrp xrÌG}{iiF*qzdgqzx{x~uwtiiF~uuq;iwRiTtgiFwqCiCiFqG¬ i à ~;}{qrhCitqjhD~;tw~u}rxrx s txr}riqC~ugi q=px ~;;wp_ixrqj¿ itpqhjiq}{iÌ pxp qrxrx{iitgsutwtw}*vqp¨i«}rwpFij fixrqpxri«pFi wtg~;p }{hCà qCtwh~uxtwxriF~qGps s igxr xr~u}{pg~uiFqqTÁ kT;t2ui qCi Ô=¦ sui
(24) xFxrÌtiiRqq Ì q© su ~uiq}*w}{ipRqrixe¿sui twvvbxr} ~uhjxr ihCtgiiqGRx©Ã i`/}{s;suqz¿ x{tw}rv tA-xrpFtg }riFiOqrqrqriT¼x{pq}{pwqriFiqÂRxrxrip;pFxG qr~u~uhjtgqGhts `~;}rs¨hjx{iO~;wgiTqehj~wtAwiq}{;ix{q¿ iÁ }rÍ ~ugi-x{pq A}{~us t}«xrwiiFtgqO} Hsusu¼xeqr~uxrA}*s qTA~uqwxrx{i¿ ¿}Ât?iF© q Á `~; G}rihq«s xr~utg q«t}{s;=qrqrtiGh s Ã}{}{i;RiXxTt©_t}{~uimtw¬ x{à it}{im}O~uix§twGiF© qOtphjphjixixrixxrti}*tqzÍ}}rupF ii}{q§wxriimt}{}{pqÁ i Gwi Í x{x{i}{sutg} qr~u¼"xt!*Ás ¬ iq«Ã }{pi§hjs i gxrxri}rtg~;}{#q }{Jp}{i«pqitgwx{¨is tR}*x qT¿ qt¿ ~;©Rix«i§q~;p¼x{x§su¼x+iqTwix{qixr}{hjpgiesus twt%v $Hqritg}{uitgt}{qhÌwÁÁhj'Á &-Ìi«q~;~;t¼x«qrwhjiFqO}{iphjqriisuRtwx vCziw i x*x{ts }{iXi$it }r`~;pA}{piit}{g(i i$`&-gÁsu }iqÂi vwiihCgqeg~ui$wx{i qbt}rpFiFqqeiFqs ~;tw;vxw©iFtgq*i$) à iFqÂiq~uhj9© ~u }{ig~usugRqrx§wif}{i3upi$p}{}*ps qrDisuttgqr©it }{`}*q§su¬ qxrà }{}rtgiF-qÍ Á ¿ OM*i DixÌiC~ +wx3hs¨z~u}{x{s }{iwij9© gqzx*s s xr~u G© t^iMiFqzx, +Msutwvxr}*sJ¨s twv © i `~utqrqrihji;x ¬¿ tà Â}riF qqsC~;RªCxrxis*dgA` ~u~u~uqhj~uÁ ;}{i3iq{~uqr à xriq$tgiui ÌgxwpFi q}{¼~ux{Di$p}*s¨tgx{qiti}* qwp }{x*p s `fG}rii;x$qrii-qx{}r~;i Rx{ws Áà kuÌ~ qrDi}{}i$iw iqgAqx{is } `~;s }rRhxs A tgiqrq itt}{iq iiMqwppFhjqpixxrtit }*à q }r¨iM}rpFi qixxrsuitgA¿ }{~;q}px{piiM-x{g}rs ~;} ¿ s tgixrqCi*sudg-x{titqCi^qw~;i ;xj³¶wg±é·?suº Ag±s ´Ã¸i¹RqC´ ´ © ù±i vw¯ ~uR¹uxr¶gi´ }¶w.Á ®2-µ0i// ¯ Dµqr~uu´%twxr13~u25¿ 4ª Ì ppxrhjtgi xx{piit¿ }iJ }{pqrii wxrx{~uit}+;Á ~ut6Á Gs iRqCx }{~uphjqrihsutwtg7v 1(t25i4 }̨`¿ ~;gHs -tx{xT~;s DiFi-;x{xji}Tit j³*d¯iµ;hj´ *¯ ixO=´t 8· ie 9T~uª^;*tdgis t¿ }Tti© ~ugAs w}{iui Á ¿ hj;Ri;s :b=xR~ xr<?iFxr}{q>é½eijt°-xr®{iF}*´-q sJ¾-¨i Á s x«T+2ixrqT}*i ~;s =Ai xrpxFi_}{Ìs wxriFiiqt? }{© ~uqT~ w+qrx{~ux{q3hjRxOwqriRs xrxrwpp~u}{giq{~;qrwpiiq+q$hCg}risupFR}TqxiF9s © G~utw©wt;v x{^1(hj}{25pqrqr4s ixrs tM~u³¶w~uw±¼w·9ix{º ½e ¿ °-smt®r´ x{isu¾bi© xi w`}{is;tgqTqzqx{}rgitAgsu-}qTxrx{tgg}rtqijx{suqf~;}{Rpi qxÍ ixbwi3s¿~uhji vwxrpwiqe}{~utxritg}{qe}{pqriRx*qÂgs gqeiq@ tgqwt/}{pqris t Á gi ivwx{Amisu}{s uhjgiCqiji2iiC*~u;dg}{su;sut¼ix{dt}riFi }qÁ :Ì © ~u~;suAtgw}{q3iufÌwq$p sJ¬A~;;tg~uq3q{}qri ~uvwwgDpq3~;}rqr~ux~ugx{q3sus/hCsxrhjiFhj*id;~x~;pij~;uq{s¨i_}rx{~ ~u~;à w^fx{hj¿ s;iCtqri qr ti ¿ xt®rij¯ s/¶ww·x{iF¸iq3¹;*´d}rpF¯*q DiF¿ s ·9tºHtwi»v ¶g´~;i whxrsu g¿ tgq3t¼x{i¼iqÍ *~u¯ R³xr³Civ¶ xrgºiew*¸¨i·?q ºH}{¯ p_qqrirs tt}Bv t</Í9¬}{pà qr}riiFsuq t¿ sJtuwiFC ~ug<qr¬ qÃxrie}riFªmqeugps }r}¬gii}+/q© i Ex iDmqx+~;D~;uq{tgqr ià tie}*qewie© ~;}rpFgs wi$qriw}qrtA~;i3º þ-iF·q¸ Á :b*´X~utgµu´q iivwxÂAh~Rtq~;xrg¬ qTà i}{AiqqtÁxr¦§iXiFqeiFwq«i}{}{pqrti}*x{q§s x{gqOimgqr}r~ugRxe p gxrsutAtwwvjpFq ibtgs$im¼wxrixrp}*ts¨x{qetA}{ibit ~;igxe gi}r}rggsu RgxOsuiFiq«hC}{piqrRixesutwsuvghjqÂ~ui g~ à ¬ twÃx}{wiiq }{gp~ qrxr~u}{tAimwxr}r}*ijsJ¨s i=}{~~uÃgqrfqzhjx{i3i_Gw© isuD±i¸ tAº}*qe½ i*¸¨·?ºH9¯© p x{tg¯*wDi·9ºHw»¿t¶g´~}{~F2à i fhj}r~;itwªjx{su}{u~uiCtwx*is qux$iX¬vw~upuGÁ O¬vw© Rp;Áxrp} x$}{gAs «wi sXqrtxriewi iew~w thjiRx+iqx+~ugq{su}rpi§ªb9© p x{tgwiwiÂsX}rpFq~;txr~usu}{~*dgpi§iei§g}r~ à fhji HJI Í ~;hjixs gqei$s;qÂupgp}*s ?Á s~;uwAxrqAm ts ¿ gietqiqti¿ }+t*tidg su¿ }rtpFiFxrqqb}{iFi«s t}{ÌF~ug~u~u}rhjtAp hjq x{p}*i§qXs tghjDihD~u~utA}r¼x{x{qGs ¼ÀARsb~ x{wixTqpiLÁ¬gR:bxr~uixrtg}+~uq su`~ug}{iq hqtt}r~u~ ;Aà }{suqfhjidAiiÂqq ts wtwxri5vwiCKi¯ s ·;}ri}{i;x+~ Á¨wà ¦§iXfi³hCsX¶wiC±¼·9~;wº Ktgt q ¯¨}{· A~ui´ t}rA·x{hj9s ºH;i ´ix® Gi© iqv¿s gg~;¼}rx{~Jivw}ghs s¨gxrq ~usAq§qrtwt/xri§}{~uiFtwqx*s ~u;iXg~;suwq{xrq{ s gtiuiÁ q=}{is¨xruiFqGs thtxrÀg~ x i x+qrshsus à xrpOD~utg} ~ à xrig} ¿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. . !. . . . . . . . . á. M5M ONP#PRQ"S.
(25) . X¸J¾FºH¯ ·9º¾
(26) ®r´D´ ¾
(27) XºJ¸. D¯. HJI gG© ¿su}rt }{iFs~uq_gg© s s Í p~us }{hjxr~J~uvw}{hiÂp x{s tgq{xrqw~ut_i w©iFts qgibq_}{xr~ iFià *df*hCdg suiFtgqibxr }{~; igsuqrgq{qÁw p:b}rtpF~uiqtgÌgq© s g~u}rtgpFgqXq}ris ~J;vwhjx{~uhjfggs qCixrªx{~u~utw~;xwtgiFqqO© sRà }{xr~u~;p;}{}{}{isuq{hCqrti hj}ª_iFsuq+;w~uiFq}{¼px{x{sudi*hj}{dwiiqÍ sui Axrxrqi ¿ hjtp ix{dqr~u~wwi sugª/s ?yw© suqi3wi_wi3Diixr} }{`~u~u}{q3hjdsuigtg ¿}riFqqzx{Á, TtAiFqtq xr`¿ ~uiAgw~uptgiFqÂq$x{qitgR}$xr~;igqhwi3hCgi s i}r}gªCD ii_}rx{wsui Aq~uwgpqxrHsu}{tgtw-x{x{q~;w i supFs¨ x{~us}rqri3i-wx{i~;q~;3tiFxrqz~uxg qe~;g;tqrs; }{ppi3igªs }s$sCi}rq{pF q}{~;¿wtx{xr~;~u_ i `xe}{s;ª$-xrs~uwggq{s tg}rq{i3qw~ut/_hitgq§¼x{}r¼pFÀgq~utxÁ x{s x{q§i vwDp}{hjiRx*s twv ~ ÃtxriiitgqOq }rpFAqs iF} s gtw~ v xr`}{}*i«s hjs q+phji xOiiRtx{s }r~;xrA~upigqiq`~;dti}{t}{qOqzx{g ¿ s t}iFgq }{su}{gp ipcwiiRixr i~;q hqrtn} CiA qAg~;qx{tsu}Og iiFqG}r}{~upzii xiq xrii q ¿sutqriwt ¿ ti~ x{}ri ~wwi$sCpxrpwp;i~uDpuÁ i3Ti3xr¬g}*GsJ¨Ì s g~u9Á tgq~ugt}{~uAqmqrt}iq3D~;q{q à xrpFq© s hjp~;}{s xr~uGÌ© i vx{igqr~;Mix© i vw~ux{s¨x{~; . . . . . !"
(28) $# . ! "$#&%. '(*),+.-0/213 45367&+8392):7&;=<+. hj ~uigx-bxr}{tiiq{is Rs xehCqri~w~uwqrtg~u;ws gxrx{s =~u¿ _itxbiiF© t©qztgxi}{p~;s dgg~ wqxrip~wim~;wwgpxrxr}riFg-txr iigtDsu}F~uÁi}r OhCxri© pitghjRqxi;i ÁxrªCxr i?s ©tgsu}e`}rxrp i$}*s tggi© tgq g`3~uib}{hj ws;iXibqisji } x!-qx{Ìwtixr~u© itAwwi3ibi ¬ wà à px{}{xrqii3}{ª~uhjwx{x{}{gsu¿igtqzsi Í Ã?© ts gwwieigq+s;Dqr~uq{s RRx{x{q ie`~u}rqrx{AqT~;iqOà i~uhjqrth}Otiegis¨xr~usu¿A}Oqs ~;tCwxr tgtqTitq+ iFqzà xOxOs gà s s }T¿ ADwpie}{g~suq{iqrsuARixrtwi x t x{}r© iiex{i}{q+suDgiqhjt;iqRÁ xOtwAx{q¼Í Gq© s ix}«xritAwq ¿}ri3tgibi ix{q d`p}rp~;¿}rtgi3igsji q«iRx{is qÂqi3u~ugtsutwvjimhj~uwx{ ¿ it¿ }iFwqOi3ux{~;iR}*xÂs Ãwi?x{qÂ>A@CgB5suDb}ªEqiF>A @C~uB&AFwG i u$&ÁI¿ >KHJMAL=iFqzNOxew>P~u@CAB&Q ÃA¼~Rx*qrq qr& Ìgà ii ¿sutTpiFiqzqx Á à i^gtgq3;}{sug ¿ tgiCiq à iFq~;gq3i x{pp~uhjhtgs¨xr~uAq3}rptgq3A~;t}iq3}{~w*dgs iq «© sutwxr}{i/Rxrp} x wiq~uhjhtgs¨x{~;gqj~uwx{ ¿ tiFqjiqx , + s twv ¬ à }{iqj~uxr ¿ tgiqÁ§¦§iiÍ bq~;Rx hj}{p~;qrigsuqtwv$u~uwiethjuppi}*tgs¨qrx{iq~;ÌgggqGtg}{qbpppuwfi}rRiFxrqeiqi xXÁOAbhjie~;gtgqbq+*idfi}{q iq }{¿ ptqriiRiFxriqbR* x+) wà iFiqqx{s ptiFv-xr}{© s¨¿ xtgx{ipqtgts xrxr~uqpFqbtCsuqrgq;gis q ÃhihCi A`p~;}rti}Xtg}{qOiªu}* s iAtwvjiwqXiFwq«qx{) suà gi qTiF0q i_9AA ~;tt}X}rwSi iFRuqXs gp qrÃgx{iqmx{s sutwsuvRwxOiztgDq i}rtxri© ªq§wk i
(29) à Ãx§¨qrq~uÌDRiCx«hjqu g}{su~; q{ ~u}{gpqr ¿ itRx{iFiq tgiqÂx{}rsuptwAv pxri© ti}{}{q§}ritiX}§~u~ugjqr© tp }{pb i~;GhCÌhjiXiqRx tgHGs;$& TUim>Pi @,xeVXAWbiit}{}ri~ t+w}*x{qOigtwsuv } Gà © ~ ¿ x à &Gxriztgq }e¿ wtGiF© ªCq§ ;s q~;ghq«Á,~;Twxr tsiqesuwRix g~tg+wqrx*qeiti x}*qÂHsuhC à iiqÂ}*x*qs wtwiv/wi3~uAhjif}xrx{}{iiqq Ì~u$HR~uxhjDhji}{imhCsqe¬ ?© Ãiv}{Ci gT~Rqt}{~u~u/Di wÍ i qetgqs xr}*qs ~;gRi qe&-ÁAR¦§x{iiF}*q w~uiRtwx{vis¨Rxr~;x{s twx{iqqÌ¿ Á Hs à iq x{$9¼qx*is }r-b;iFiqt¿ g}*tq }ri;~ §Ì¨Ã i hà fhjs ̨q+i3qrqriFi3~ qTÍA ~u~u~RAqiq`p~;su}{hCi~;gh}{qs iu,Á xrÌ ixrtgps }{pÃq+gs wdAi~uw i3iiuxgx{Ì suixrq{p}rqriFsupqrRqrxr~uqi3t~uw}* qri§ÌwDÁ}rÁ~uiFÁ &qzx{ ÃitRi$AxOqw~;s i;gqOxTqep ~u¿ itCqeA}{ipihCqri9©isui Rtwvwx{v_q+hj~upixr~wi w}Oxri}{ }{~u~uhji qe¿ tiFiqzf xqÍ x{iFiqzxChjiiRxFhÁ tg ¼sx{}{pDi v~usuAuqiiXix{qixÂhjAiX~;h}rit xr$9c Amiv s uAim~;wti}jq§ceÀgthjv i ©Ab `~;}rqrh~;s¨¿x{/~;gtqÁxr s$i x{vwi*d & Ì ¿ htimsuqsiitAqqtg ~ugAR~Rtgqii . . . . -. . . . . ,. . . . . Y Õ MY ü.
(30) º ³´ g¾*ºH¯ =´ ³´ A·w´ ¶w®-º¾-·?ºH» ¶g´Cµu´ ¾®-¾´*¸¨¶¯*D·9ºH»¶g´ ¾$³¶w±é·?º ½Â° ®r´ ¾ . . . . ?D© i ~uvwtg}qxr9i© ~ugw x{i t© tgi;Ì ~up}e¿ tsAxrii*hjdgiR~ux~u~;;wi3xr~pi3p ixr}{A~ui}rhj ¿ ti xi Asus qegs~uÃt ià i© phjªji wxix{qÂ}rix*s s }{t Hqwp Ã}r~;xd hà ¼s¨x{vw HqhjÁ su«Di}{hjq ¿ s2xriF*d~u~u;i t htxri vs ;i i ~u;titg} © ~ugwi $ 1(24'A~;t}2sJuii x{d AXRqr~; x{i*td¼x{gg¿ tivi3iq x&G}{i3pqrq~ux{sutwgx+ sui§}{}r~ suà xrfthjiGiÂsus t$gq}{¼iFv$qe}rpF© tqiFs iÂtwv_tg~;q wuxr}* ¿s tgiqi§Á ~;hjivw¼x{p§© ~uwx{hjqrs xr~uGÁu¦§ixxri . . '+*<245),7&9M4&+$( 6+ +.1 453126<+< 3 1
(31) +. "$# ". GiC© `s~ui}{¬qChà xr}{s¨iFi x{*d~;¿ tg ij¿ ttiiqqi wii}r¿ ~;tGhR© xtwtxrxrxr}*s qrAijiqvthjs uqqiFiiqtDqrTit}{p}jhChjii sMxxrx{xrhiiRtx }hjÁ0iO© i ¬ vwià q$}{iu~uÁ6~uxr ig}qrs qztgzx{twiviRx{x$suª Atg~Rhjqjqpxrsu~us }rg;iuwià }3is qCgÀAwtgtwi/qrv igtAs;}*iqrqmq{tws x_ÀgRtwx{qv ii HDsup}{}{iC~xriihCqwDi$~u}{i~ut¿ i}rhjxriiRwxt}{qrpti;}Ìgtqrt}ihiFq hjtii~;igqw*i%dAs $`httim¼x{ÀggtwvivwisuqxbuiC ~wxrwihjpuÁA ~;sj}rihj &~9G9© t~uAs wxri~u/iqwx$iw?p© ~;~ugtwDipDiiiw Í x{g}rs ~;Rtxbu ijiqrxixriqwthj}{pxriiFq$qri s Hs Aq3xXqri_i~u~ /+wx$i$Àg¿ }{tw~uvdg à ©xr `~;w}r¿ihqs¨p x{~;tD i~uhj}{}{ii;qrx*Aq~;i gxs gRs xFgÁq3¦§i$sxzyRi;Dx{iitw}iwhitq$xrqrywqzx{i fvhjs ;iiq ~;wxr~ pi_pFh-xrt}{~uxrg ¿ i tviFs q§;iivwiq x{su;~ux*q;Á titg}$© ~;gwi ~ugqrqzx{¿ i_ªCztwvx{s D~;qri}tAqit}*q~;gwiqwi_~u;tit} G ©i~;q gw~uiegwwiF =qpqr}{~uiRRx x{iÂiqrgtqr} t¼sXx{i h hhjt¼i«x{¬ gà i}rvi;pOÁ i qsXi hCx/~wwwptghs txr¼x{~ugGiv© tpgiqi§~;ggs w}iewqii qHs qryx+qxrfi§hjsbiq_hsu~;wxrf }riÂti qsuq{gqs; ¿qrqrt iuHq Á q© iOs sgRsu}rxriiFRqrx{qrs iORwxOiFs qGtp gt}rDqhjihji;Ái ORx{© sJq ¨ps iR x{xrsu}{u~uiw ibtiiqÁFxz¦§yAiDibiAihs RtxxriOi ~;vh s Ã;}{iiOiwqxiO¿~utGg© uAtGi©tiF}{qzqx§g©su¿~;qOgxrw}{i à ttGx{© s t}{ii ¬suà }rijpiDq0i9Atwx© tgxr}*s igwqrA ¿ ~;su}x{ii$}3ii$qx ~;à ~uu}{tgipth}*qhj©¿ ~ui_gqw© iF«qs/ s y/t;s hCitgRixr p_tgwii qHsuSs ~up2iFqqrÌgt~u}rg}riiqgxbs Rgxrs;iqrqrpiªqwitg¿}rqrift}{i}{qq ¿ ¿ iRx{sugiqwi3~u;tit}*qe© ~ugwi;Á . . . . . . . . .-. t. t fréquence. temps. t. t. t. t multiplexeur optique. transmetteurs laser. démultiplexeur optique. kb¸·´ #&gºH»¶g´µ;´$³C¶w±é·?º A±´¸¹R´C´. filtres optiques. ± ¯ R¹u¶g´ ¶w®µ/ ¯ =µu´P tx{¿ }{sJij; ii~u}*qCqÂ}*q }r¿ ipFtGq}{iF© pts qr^twisuv pthj~;wwi ~;xrxrxr¼ x ¿itt }$ixrqj}{ui$iqrsu~utwq{Rx$qrxCq;iD~uhjptgªji}Cxxrss^}{ij~uihj tgh s ~;t}rhjxjghi s¨txrhj~u~ws wÁ xri G~ui$2 ~;*sJduiiFhCiF-xrtp;2Á«wpF¦X}{p © }{iF¼iqzxwxtx{Digt~uit}FÌq}tgt ¼x{ii$x*x{wdii3i}*hj¬ s Ã^q}{~;iª q su~ugs uRtx§itiX} G?© p© ~;hjgi wxiÂx{itwtxr}suqrt_pi}rqpFtg }+iw*xrdAis t¿ }tÁ iO ¬ sà }r~uiÂhjDh~utt}+sXs¨x{~uhj~;_hitqgxÂsus¨~;xr}{q«~ugs i}qHx+s xr~uihjtiRi;xÂÁu¦§wpi xrxTii}rghjqrih pÃimqiÂDwsi . . á. M5M ONP#PRQ"S.
(32) X¸J¾FºH¯ ·9º¾
(33) ®r´D´ ¾
(34) XºJ¸. D¯. q{s¨~ux{qHps i}{qÂim ~;tggqzix{¼ x{~;tRimxr}*ims }r;~;x{twi x{`su~uu}ribxri9iXwistwv~uhj*dhihjtggqs¨twxrx{~u q{Á s TRxÂx?© sjsDhiF-x*hjs¨ixr~u¬ à }{wiimi~;u~utiutiR}*q«xg©s;~uqgtwimxrwqr~;i¼}x isjxhiFqehj i`~u}{~uhj;s txri~utg}Xq © tG~;g© wqÂi;x{Á@}{AXsugsugqDq~u}rixriRs;xqqr i~;}*;s x{}{isuRxe}{iuAÌwi}{iqbtqiquÁ gsutwvqri à }{~uti}{sui;xehtxrtiihjiRx ¿ hjsJ;iix§¦§xritiR}x+x*is ªsugtgtwqxr}{}{*iu~udÁ twiXx{hCiCt }*Dqi¿ twDtx§iR}{}rhjiqRi xrxrxr}{xri§iuRtgx3suig}OwqGiwii§Htwsu@ v}{ixzytgwD$i$isJqOus wiFiT~uq{t*udiÂip}{hj qris3}~ux*/ws iwiiO~u~u~uui;;}{ttqrii~uttgC}+}b9J© s ©~u~ugg*¯ w0i§iJi ´© x3®*i¾-$wºH¯ ~u}{·igq{$qr¯ ~uA·}ri¸ xr}±´}Í ~DF~u}rtxri *tdiihji$s twtwx{x{}ri3qr~usu;;xXttitgi}~u© g~;ugtwi(i t$`}bxr~ut © ~uz~ugt}*i q¿ qt~;itgq ~; ~u¿Rtxr}*is iR xri iRxrt }{©piGGD© iytwx3su¼}{xigq{qs;~;q}x{wi}tsJv;i*d3iGhC© hCgqÍ t~uxrguqrtsui¿Rtx}s © ~uhgwhjii As }r~uxrg uttift}r}ig© i~uAAwiitwEx su x{g}rq$i$s ~uhuihC}x{i i ¬ à tG}{© ii& /Ì tixi¿ s ~;*¯ u0tJi´t®*}¾-ºH¯ ©^~ug¸¨i$®-·?s ºH´ ± g±´Csu}~x{F igtsuRix ªCt/¦§iFiqgqwiih twà v ixzywApiFDqiAi s }{R~uxbtwwx{iit}*sCq$~;ivuqtxriiRtxF}Ì h© ~usugwqi$ ~+i3xr¿iRpgxCsuxr}}{xFfÁ q*di}Ci xjw~uguÌTs gqsMqtg¼x{iwi gu©~ iFxrqz}{xriÍ ª xrÍ }*sJJ}{isu?ÌDt © ª~utgtgq3 *~udgiqrhjp}{ii}{q~uxmgs q D¿ iFt -xr© suptgt tigiCqritg~ui$ui~u}{gqru~;t itw}biC~;© ~uguti it}t iF© ~uqzgxmwtwiCxrG©qripqix3qrsuttw}xr~;x{~u}rtwqrx{piiuq Ì ¿ iq¬ à }riFq ¿ tG¿ © GihCg}rtRx{iuÁ suit/qT¬ Ã;}riiFxrsudqtpw~uwi}{iFqCqi;Ìg}{ ptqrgitgi$s gt¬ qv ÁDà }{¦§qri$~u~;RDhjxihCtwixriÍ xri}{}*is¨~xrg+w¿ suxbt}{i~u© ttt}{ti3wi¬ }{gà isu}r i$}bxrqrt~utMggqiupiFghCqjsuiAR~;x{sus tg}}{qiwiiiRqjqmxrw}{}*is itwwqv/~;igtwqrqv/iAxr qiÁG*dg¦§tggi~uDqi~uig;qgx ¿ s hjtRiFx¼qÍ Ì g}{phjqriiusuÌtwv iq§h}rtgpFq¼x{iF¼s ¬ twà v_}riFqrq$~uRqyx§hjs$p x{g}rtAts i}rqxÂÌ wsJt yRs xrRixmhjgiqehqryhChjpixr}{ ~;¿ h tiFà q}{Á i_:w~;ijtgqe¬ à ~;}{igq3qiwRpxr}r}{ii_}r~;*gdgqTs gsut}§ijsiqrGtÁ+xr¦§i3iwxixriq x*s ~uhjihjq~wqzwx*s ¼x{gp$g}{s i}*qwxriqrpiF}{q~wÁ *-d3i$xrwii$;¿}{psjqri}rpFsus t3¼~ x{F=puÌA<m¬ tà q }r¿ iFtqi}riiiqR¬ xà *}{dAis qqrt~uiORxb}{itA;3}r~;itqxApi~;qhCqrhjipO~u¿}{pwqriiFsuqbBt * )<RÃÍ9¬ ià q}riFwqi Á ¿ . . . . &). . * . "$#. . . . 3<),( 6+U392):7&;=<+. Hpi3hjAmi ixrs hxrgis q«tg}imÌFi}{pqs; wqOiiwwxriiq«~uthj}r}#pF& hq¿ iFtts gtw;vCw~;s¨~u¼xrxGw~ux{ x{¿ }rtii«iFqxbq ~u1(s gg2Ai4$-ix{Ìup3pO~;gt_sus }Gitº Dg¾i-*· d¸iCihjµu*´´³jµ;¸ g´ Dµs *ug¯ ´q ³µuiO³C´ }{¶ *pgº¯¨qri³C*su¸¨³tG·?Á*ºH¶ ¯-bAºAÁ$*¸¨h·?ºHt¯ txrÍ gi_gqr i~uh tgÃii hsDtiF -xrx*{Í?s¨i¸ xrg±éº~uq¾i´ h ®3wÃtigii~uwiCg;q*tx{disuitgghj}{ qigwqX©i_~u}rAiw~us ihjRhªxXtg* dgiFs q¿ s¨*tx{dii~;hjw^ihjg~uqsugÌ«gqri wxqixritiªi xr~;}{i~uhjtg}{hu~uitt}x{s tg;^s ixr}{q~u~u~;t¼x{x_ws ¨;is i9© ~;wgwiuqzxrÌ«x* s ¿ ugt© iFiuqziÌ xrÍ9iª Á xXiuÍ ÁGttg}{ ii ¿DtGitg© u i}{RixqrAgiFs;-qxriqis_;~u~u}eRsxr}*Ds iF-Rx{xrii$}wsiFqbh }{pqrhCiisutwv~ug1(ut25i4 t}9Awi© ~;twgv w¿ i;*dÁ ihjgqx{}{sJ;i}*qrsuRxÂtgih hji$¬ à }ri;Ìgi @~utgAmps q ig&TqÂq+i xes$i§tx{ ~u~;DimR~uxrgi ~uqzvux*x{s iuiXgÌJGi§iX© tw}{i3~ }{à p~;qrfihjhjs ht i t¿$H t©iiÂqs xixrÍqª¨~uÍ~uGwDÌup}rxr}*iX}{s¨~u9xrt© ii;tAi}*q}§qGihuim~;à }rtgpFimwq}*iFs s itqÂiRiXx }{hjptgqr~;~uqÂtggiqÂx}r*iOdiFiiqzqe}«x+x{* i) i à qrtiFtGqÂJ© }rsu=iRqx~;s ¼9xeRpxÂx{Asu~R;iqzxqÍ ¿ qr à i© y }{psuqri}e9© gqzx*s giuÁ $. . !. .
(35) . . . . . Y Õ MY ü.
(36) º ³´ g¾*ºH¯ =´ ³´ A·w´ ¶w®-º¾-·?ºH» ¶g´Cµu´ ¾®-¾´*¸¨¶¯*D·9ºH»¶g´ ¾$³¶w±é·?º ½Â° ®r´ ¾ . . . g iiv¬ à xrim}{p;iÌ qb~i+wxgxes g}ms © *tg}) à ~u}{iFApqqrqÌ?ip s <=ttgÌgi~;wRwxÀgxrÌ t ¿ qriCtt}Ei © t1(i 25i4 ~A+ws <Rx}rÍ?xX¬Ãiqq$tg}{i}b}{q«~uiitqxr x§i~tg+ww}{xXÀgq(tw$HiiCg~u h ipmqXà g*}{sui) }Âq$à wwiFii qtwÌDvA~;g© s }s x*tw}*qx{s Ì}rh i$x*s Axrs }{i }rixXqwÁ qiF GtgqiX}b~us_~uhjh h~;à htw}{i ÍÍ x*hs¨tx{it}*s qÌgxri ~ux{ &-ÁLw GÀgtgii3G~;h© t¿ Ãg}{imi$Aws i$}rxe~uqrt;}etiitg}{~q+wxe© ~uAAwwi$wpFt ii q{wq{s i3}r*i3dgs D~uttiX}¬ }{pà su}{i qr$`ixr}~;twtxriFiqegiFqqÂx{¬sugà }{ ii$qÂii q~;~;hRxÍ A ) suà q«is qOgi s xÂà Gi© suq«twxri}{iHs gs }{}rix§xrqr}*ts }«Aqs$xri}«~uhjibhi vwhj¼x{ibpbgw~uiFhqO}{à ~u}rtwibx{itiX}*q ~u$H;t=iptg}{¿ }{iqORx{GqO© ~;xzgywAiiF&Oq«i x© p w~utAAbiqrhjt}«iRiXxÌR~~u+wh xewà i}{iq img|+}rs q}+hjs iFqiÌwti}{x{q ÌF'Á &-Á iqx+piRx ti§tgq ~utxrqiewi§¬ à }{iqÌgtgq i§g~uh à }riÂw¿ i§~ugutit}{q© ~ugwi ggp}r~ iFà qrfq{s hj}{i ibà iqÍ xe}rAxrifxr}riFxqi Ìx iimt=;iiq¿}*xÂqrsghjÁ XA~RqrxrqrhC à qri3i}eq{s giq ~ ~;+wxgs © txr}{ib}{pimqri}{susut A}{~;i}xÂiiRRxexr}{ib~ugi3m ªC~ +~uxewx{hj© tqi3i}Â~utgw Í ;titg}© ~;gwi3i xbit © t¿ im¬ à }ri;Á@:~;tgqep x{tgw~ugq~ugmimg}r~ à fhji3i$wpqr~;s;qrqr~w puÁ ¬gà q}rx{ iFsuqegig is }r}~ wà iifhj~ui hjixbhwwi$tgiw~ups¨;qrx{t~u~;i tg}{wwqet2~ug®r© ~u¯¨pg¶wi/·¸i$¹Rs w´CA~u¯*qAgt·?pºH »i¶gq}{Á´piqriqxbs t wÌ i$iq{ sJutw~;xr}eqq{s © RGxiqs xt A~Rgqrtgqr qjà wi$iFq i¿ }rtgpFsus Rxrqrixrp}eqjtwii G© ~;wxr© hjÂiFq{qzs¨xx{A~;~R qrqr¿ Ãt iqri wi `~u}{gpqri~uRtgxb}rqi_tg}i i xrxr}{i ~ à ¿ tfiFhjqzx{i ~;i Dh~uts }{}{~uf}{Ri_xÂi?© xr}{suiuÁ iuÌsu~;}{q$xr~;tgq$iq}{~ à fhjiq . ). . . . . "$#. 3 .4&7
(37) C():7&31. . $H}*iFs qm s~;s hjAuqt~wiwitp }*~;qXqr;s x{xr©i ~u~uvAxrwieGiwq© tiF&q+i}rxm}rpFpFqqsiFiFs s twt_vtgig~u s }rxrx{x3i¿ }{tghjiiqmiqGqÂ1(}rpFw2qi3tg4 u¼x*}*~s¨s x{Fq3d9©iF~uqO© ~uiFhjqzxrxesuhCxr}{fq{qÂs¨txr ie~usu^q{iqrwq+¿ iC*td}ri;ipFÁhjq¦XiFs ©gitwq+qvxi xO~uw© suxriFtw q+x{tg su~uiRtgq3xÂqi~;ttgR}{qxq ¿ q{qtgqim}{pqrtx{s x{qwisxrdp~u}{iwiFqeu}*s diFqÁ *¯ ¯¨¡ ®-¶w®r®´-¾ ¶ Ç ¯ `=µÅ u§¸ ¶gA·µH¾Kµ¨¶ù®® -¾¾´{´*¸ ¸¨¶ ¶ ´ ·e´-¾-¶ ·M¸¶ ® j³´ ¶wA·±é9·?®{º >H´¹uµ;®r¸*´ ¶ ´ ¾¯¨³C³jN ´·9¾Â¯¨¶w®¯ ¶ ®-D´ºH´ §A·½Â ° ®r´¯ ´ g·?º ®r± ´±´ ¸ ¾µu¶ ´¶ ¾¯¨³C§³¶gµJ´ ¾ · As }*s -b-bhjf ix{}{}rpAiCqrqzix*<=sus Át g<Ri3Í?¬ à i$}{i ~uqhjAhitwt3x xrs¨}{ix{~;p;suqrti}hjii3R}rxCpFqhjiFs ~wt/wpqi3qp/}{i ~;}{hjpqrhCiRixrimtg su}u}*ws iqedgisuq}{hjiqi/i$s;q~;JhCz~uhjRixjx{qÁ t ¡ D´Ç `º Å ¾-· ¸ *´C¾-µu·´ ¸ {*¯ ´³µu³C´ ¶ {gº¯ ³*¸ ³C·9ºH¶ ¯ gº^µ*u¸ ¸ ·9¾ºH¯ ´ ¾-·§¶ ³C¶w±é·?ºH´ g¾´ ³_°-±´ µu´b¸¨º ®r´ ¾0µ / ± ³j´ g·9¾µu´ ®{´D*® ¯¨-³X¾´ Ag·®r8´ eD¸¸¨g·® ¶ D´w¸ º ®r´ §¯¨¶w®·¯¨¶w·´®{´{»¶ · ´C¸¨± ±¸ g·µ¨¶ §¶gµ®r´zA® ¾´ A· ¸¨® ¸¨¶ «¶gµ :b~utgq3wp¬gqrqr~uAqbp;s ihji;x3t xzyRDijgs }rxr tgi}3© gqx{sug ijwij ~;hChts xr~uGÌ=iht¼x{suqxÌ ~ F x{~utwx{iqiqe}{i ¿ t xriFqe~uRxi h hji3phjixxrit}FÁ ¡ S Ç `Å ³C¶w±é·?º *¸J¾-·º¾*¾*¶Cµ¨¶$¾¯ ³³´ · µu¸ g¾ ´-¾-·=¶ j³¶w±é·?ºH´ ¾´ ³_° ±´ =N ) . . 98: JIBI K;LGM. á. ! "$#. &%. . ('. *). . . ,+,- ! 05. M5M ONP#PRQ"S. . .
(38) .
(39) . . . 1324 5#. . .. . 76. 7;. . $*). 0/. . . 02. $*). =<?> A@B@;C 5D#FE 5HG.
(40) . X¸J¾FºH¯ ·9º¾
(41) ®r´D´ ¾
(42) XºJ¸. D¯. ¶ AºwH¤¯ Mµ;G£´³¶w±é·?º *¸J¾-·«=´º¾*X¾-¶º ¾¾$-·µu¸ ´¾*¯¨´³Cµu³j´ ´{¯ ·H¾$³µ¨³Cº ¶ gº®r´ *g·¸ 9·9¾KºH¯ ¾-N ¶w® 0¾´$µ *¯¨³X¯J¾´$ µu´³j¸ gºH²®r´m¶ gºH»¶g´´ . #. #. +3. . . !. . . . . / < > . . . . >
(43) KG . ms gqb i3hj~fiuÌi3}r~ à fhjiwi$wpqr~u/wt/}r~;twx{suuim~uwx{ ¿ tiqri$wp ¬gg¼xbsugqr?Á ¡ A·9Ç ®`{Å ´ M³ e®r¯;¶w° ±¼·9±²º >H³j¹u®r´j¸* µu´C´ µ? º¾-¶ ºH¯ D´µ¨º ¾¶-·®r¸ ¯ ¶w*· ´j¸¹;µu´´ ¯**A¯¨·?³CºH»¶g³´ ¶ Aº *¸¨·?ºH¯ µ;¸ g¾ ´·§¶ D¯¨³_° ®r´jµu´ ±¯ R¹u¶g¯¨´®-¶w·?®*ºH´ ¾Lµ/ ¯ Dµ;ºHµu´ ´®b ¾ / º ± ´ ¾-·w¯¨¾*¾*º9° ±´µu´m¾¸¨·?º¾ ¸¨º ®r´$"± / º ¾-·¸ {´µu´ *¯ ³³C¶ gº *¸¨·?ºH¯ ´ /¶w·9º ±¼º¾ ¸ g·§¸ ¶ D±é¶¾ ±¯ ¹ ¶g´¶w®*¾µ / ¯ =µuP´ ¦§i3}{~ à fhjiwiwpF q~u/sCp xrps à ~;gs hjhjiRxexr}*s xrpsugqei3suw}{i3wiqe}{pqrisutwv_hj~u~u¬ à }{i $ < N >R&-Ìhsuqei?© sjgsuqepxrp$sugqi$su}riwiFqe}rpFqiFs twv htxr¬ à }{iq@Á AXsugq i3xzyDi$wi}{pqris tv=Ì s iDqiFp -xrx*tAs¨xrwi~uqb¨}rs gi3gsuiiFq~;D~uu}rtxriiRtxb}qrt© ~u}bgwii$ªC}{~ tà /fhjhi$t¼wx{¼i Í i±A¸qDih ±¸ à Aºi½ *w¸¨i$·?ºH*¯ dihj¿ tg qÁ ~ugqrqxri$ªxr}{~ut;i}ti A. . . . . . . . . . !. . . . . . . !. . . . . . . . . . "$#. /. . . ),( ) +O4 ( :). {} pqri suitwq$v_ghj~u~uh à ~u}r¬ ià tw}{vMiq}{p$`qr~;tt x{> s¨Í?x*¬ q à ¿ }{itq§&-i ÌvwiFqqxr}{ipRqrxis ts v Aq$<RÍ9¬sà }rxiFx{qÂpG}*s¨© sJx{yRts }riRxe p ~uxrAp ip}{xrtgi;pFx$q D¿ ~uttgi3}}rpFs ihjthjgis R}rxxFÁ iq x{su}rfFq3H}{Dw~Jsvw _h~ s x*Ãis qhji 9Dhj ij;is R}r}*x«~;utwpx{xr supÌuªCi}{hj~u~utgw~uux{gp ¿ q ¿ttiCtiiiqixq«i3HJ}r~;I ~ h Ã Í wà f }{_hji3i wqOiijG}r© i~;suwgtxr qmhjx{iiqeq{s¨qx{s;~;qm¼~;x juà p~ugi}{pqO}*pu}{s pÁ qr i isu;tw v}{~ hjOà i ~;fxhj~ h¬imà ihj}rqiFxbiqOs gq~;~u~uRw}*xqÍ Dgt~uyq tGu©hj§s G © y2 n sgS s;qÌ ;ws i }*u}r~;?tw.Á x{ Gsuuii_¿ª }{~ Hà suf}{hjiuÁ iHÂ}{i iqsxriDs ~ut¿}r¬Ax{sus¨;xrx ~uHJ I qriÍ hw Ã_i i tgi qx gHs;~u is !_gª }r~J}rvwpFqh~;tgs wà }{ii ;g}{s sugq§¿ diiFqÂusu}*gs qdi_iFq«su;q$phCp}{~;sutw~ v¬ Ãs }r%i} DÂiFiqzs;xeup ¿ «tix¨s ª/iRsxs ~ut ~ug}*}rs¨~ x{Ã~;f^hjwiXxrwi i3<? >~;· ¯ ~;± }{s ®r¸xrA·~u_´wiFiqÂqqrd~uyhjAhji}ri ;x*}{q§suGd© tiF q gs gqei$s;qÂiq}{pqrisutwv <RÍ?¬ à }{iq nwkuÌ +|On Tg#k ?Á qrti}C wii3RiqxsuqruqÂ}*hCs ugpdgi;piÌ}*qs g=}rsuiFiF}qzqzx{xx{i3wt~uA_im}{ q i _i$xC s ii3gqqªCg}{iqpx{qqrsu~ugtgs; q iF}rqi;tÁRqr| AqrpF~ui tgh}e¬ à ¿ ti ixri;xrqxi3Á D}{su~uÂtqrg}r~us x{ sugÌRqCxÂi x{qei}r}fFp x*qx{s tgqgwhjqiFqe~usuiRq$q xÂ9 i pxrgp3}rhj~ à ifphjiiq ¿ g Gs i}{}{i~uq tw x* s ;;i R~u?Á Gxr iX¿ tgi}r~ ià qxfhjHJibI wÍtw}r_~;tw x{sui uisu~ugqjxr itgqiXs } suà g}{q§iqCiX~u}{suiqORpxrpFqCtqr¨ysuhjtwxÂp xrsu}{t_ ¿ tg}{i~ qÃ Ì h fhjhCibiwiXà ¼s Í ¿ ¿ s ¬As xr~uGÁ h Gihj}{i$~ wà ifdghjsui twxrwiit} >3s $`i¬Aqs¨pxrxr~u~uiqi&Eqx '
(44) HJ;SI Í wÁ _isugqiFqCyw iq$ixjsu} à }riFq$~;wÍ?~;}riRx{pqÌ Gi}{~utwx*s ;iX~;wxr ¿ ti3iqxA~;y ;hCs Ggs gqeiqepxr~uiqe~u}{iRxrpiqeqyhjp x{}r ¿ tiq Âis;u Á ÛuÓzÖHQ×Óþ9á þ?Ø*áÛFþÖ9Ñ Þ JÒØ*zÛJ×ÛFÓ3Ö9ÑÓzÐ ÿHJþÓzÖ ÞJÒéÝ Ø§þÿ?áJÑ-Ñ-ÒÔáÚFþ9ÝÔØ*Ñ-ÛJá ÛJÖHÂÑ ×ÝÔ×Ñ-ÝÔØáFJÿÒÔÞÓmÚJÿ á ÝÔÒGØ*á ÐÓþ9FÓÚFÝÔÿHÖ þ?Ó3ÛJØ*ÿ AÛuÑ-ÚFÖeþ?Ñ-ÚFþ DÞ Ø*Ò -Ñ-Ö9Ý þ J×ÓmÛ Ñ-Ò àá -×ÝéØ*Ò . . . . . . . . . !. . #". . . . . . $. . . &%('. &) +* 0.. <9. >=. -,. !. (). /. 0. 1, 0. @? A3/%. -2. 43$5672 8. . 9. ;:. Y Õ MY ü.
(45) º ³´ g¾*ºH¯ =´ ³´ A·w´ ¶w®-º¾-·?ºH» ¶g´Cµu´ ¾®-¾´*¸¨¶¯*D·9ºH»¶g´ ¾$³¶w±é·?º ½Â° ®r´ ¾ . . . . i Gqijx }{A~u~;twx*ys u;ihj~uwsux{ ¿ tgtii tg© ti3qrij~uxgqix{s }{Apqr ii/sut;³¶w ±¼·9iº *su¸J;¾-· ?Á $`tg2qritg phji xx{it}FÌtgqrit}{q3}{piwx{it}*q& Guihj}r~;s twx{Asuu~;it}X~uwixr ¿ ¿ tg~uih ¿ à }r© titwiv xzgyqDx{isuqmg wii$X±}{pqr± i>·su¯Otw>v X±x{±GiiFq qzx tHJi$I iÍ qXw s _} à }riFi qÌgi iFqb; pywp}{iFsuq9ÌÌihjx{ su qÂAis;~;uyRÍ Ì ¿ ¦¦ÂcuR Á h GiXs }rqe~;tw}riFx{qzsux{ui ieHJ~uwI x{ Í¿ wt _im s i$AqTsuiFgq«qepxri~;q iywq«iF~uqwÍ ª~u}{$i¬ Rà xr}rpiFiqq <R Í?¬ à u}{wiÌqT iFqzxÂ;RA?~;Á y ;hjsugwfq ¿ ti < t| ~ut}{}«~utwxr~ux*ts ux§im}{p~uqrixrs t hjÌ suDGi wvwfq qzx{it t© GiXy¨3s s < it¬ } à < }{ieqex{iAs i }¿ tgiixrsJ~;utwixr iX<A qzx*s < g Á=ib¦§wiibDig~uhjsuhRxetgi$s¨suxr~ut_ suw¼ix ¿ < iFqzx HJI Íw i3i/upp}*s ?Á < N
(46) Q A~;t}t ywiª ^qr~uhjhji x*q #k Á ªdgittAm}{qs xrg }{q ~ tà sbiqfqhCtsuiMxrpFi;s¨wÌx{i~u~;}rtg³CiFqq§¶wp±éxr·?ºtg© Kes wg¯ ·_~u}rA´~JqGA·vw9iOhºH´}r®_s¨~;xrtwx{~us suAuq i+wi$~ut xri3 u¿ h}*tgs ti«¼x{d¼s ÀAiMA~ qs xtwÁ iFvwqG}{ps qri}ri;sutwÁ v :b<R~uÍ?tg¬ qà }{p ix{qtg*Á w:b~u~ugtgqqiiOg}{qrptwxrtgi^qr~uwgiqq ¿ . !. . . !. . . . á. . . . . M5M ONP#PRQ"S. !. .
(47) kF. X¸J¾FºH¯ ·9º¾
(48) ®r´D´ ¾
(49) XºJ¸. D¯. )
(50) 3 Â
(51) $
(52) $# gi}rq«~ }rÃ-bpFqfiFhji$s i3s twv giX> }rÍ?~wÀA¬ *~ à dx}{imÁ=i¦§qAÌ ~;i xtx{~u}ix{s }{hjphjqrp ~uhjxrtgdgi~R}rxÂiXi~;ii}{qq xe}{tt~ xrià 9f© qhCgpi$qzix*s ws gt/Aib}{q~uw twÂimx*is s;;~uuiXhj~; hwDtxr~u ¿tgt}is¨hCx{ ~;~;~uRAxrq}{iiqzq}x{x«iwtªC_uqrihi3}*qet}{su}{xrphjqrtsuiq¼x*xis¨ÌR}x* qª© iqrtgqtx }Í ª Í tg}{i i¿ hjtgi_p xr9dg© i~Aqi$ihqhjà i s w}riFiq$}{sui g¿ tqe x{i$iq$su¿ i }ri3 wixixrqi }rpFgqqiFx{s sutwgv i<RÍ?~;¬ Rà x}{itqeii_xh A~;thC}biwqiF~;qet}{gqiux{Á su:bg ~uiFtgqeq$htwtxrxrqr~us;gqzxq gtq ¿ ti~u ¿ tiFqÁ . . !. : 3 4. $#&% . +4 2+ 3 ). Kq © ¯ s ·u i xixqmwii3}{xr³~ }{Ã~u¶wtg±éf·?uºhjKi}i¯¨qX·?wÁ iFwqi*Àgd~ ixhCq~;gRqxmwsuiFgqXqgw}riF~ qeà uf}*hjs idgq i`q~;Á,gHqsuhCqri$iwRx{Rs tqrv/iRixxXix{}rfFwq3itq~;vtus ixr;pxXu~utw}{xriiFqq3ÌRwijf¾-q º ³b¿ tGD© ±´ H ¤ Ê
(53) ÅAÇ tgi tw-bvj}{~q~;à hC}rfhj~hjà iimx{fwqOhjibAi$s x{t}rwxry;i$su qrtwthjxrii}r}{qiį9RÀgsCiX~u¾ x;¯ }{¶wsu}r®i*dg´Tii}{x«iiie}{iDp;qr¶wx{iº }rR·Hp¾-x{iÁ i Gtti/ u}{}{}*p~ s qrà isudgft hCimwi~ iXF ¿ xrt*tAdgyRqs s i¿ twtDvi~;ÌqrsusJi}{u3s iFsj~u}*ttq+ii3iqx«q~;s s tAA}*s su ib ~uxruip;xÂtgÌietgi ª x gsJ;ti¼x*XqtIÁ H= qi© s };x*s ¼xewi3wp wà p x{xi}{JhCsjq© pFi }Â~;wti i¿ }tis gimqhiFs qÂxrft}{yRibs tgtwv$zÀgtAtq wtGim© ªj¨zqiF~;-}x{x{pm}gsusug}eq§iim}rtgpFq¼x*iFqs Á tgsu}§sqr~utg}{i ¿ htgh tÀgtwi ¿ t Ditwx3ixr}*sJui}{qri}FÁ à § ¦ g d s t $ i { x t ; y u s t s t C i s A u s. r x p t F i z q m x C i w p X x h s v ¿ ¿ «© pF ~;tihjiRx w~;¼xTw~;g«}{iqrDi-x{i}+wiq *¯ A·9®{¸¨º g·´ ¾eµu´ *¸*¸ º · +qrt}T*dgs ¿ tgi§s }* RÁ Tw¬AGÌ qtg¨s Rx+i Ãptj`tf ÀgÃ}*t}{s iÂwxri ~u}rggtqegwsuDiF}riqÂ}{wxr;tiieyR is ~uqtwAx«v;qpiR$H}rs ¨iFs¨qeiex{s~;~iitgwgiei qsbwtgt/hgs }rpFs xrq}rfiFx}{s Ì;i t 9wi& Ì®-ºHsu´ttw xr`}{D´~ui}{q hC¾ ¿ ´Oiti3´ i®rsq µ G*qr¯~u®-A·ºHt´ 9}*®{ ¸¨imD´º g·~ut¾ ´ ´¾Ximµu®g´ *t´ *¼Ì ¯ x*su¾qtÌw´s ® Ju¿ ¸ iFtg·9s ºHs ¯ tCRxrwµuixrpq´ ¿ ¿ h hj¿ iFq ~;;x{}{suRx{iqwi~ugqri}{¨s¨x{~;q© su ¿ ti;x K¯ ·9Á tuisutwisqr~utg}{imixXwttg¼x*qiq ªm iF w}{fq ¿ tG© Hs twxT}{ig}riÂi ~;hjwxriÂ9© s }{}{;piewtÀA~ xOªmsmq~;t}* iÂi xOqrs3wqrgs }{¼x{~;suttg¼x*qÁ i Àg~ x Aitwtxqri i ``~u~uA}{-hxrs ~u qriw}iAs su} gsutg ¼x{p}{qr~utu}j}*s iFhjqChjsui/}{qÌpF2s }rs i;Á tgsu~;;¼x x{¼x{pN i Àg~uxjª tx{g}{ sug-buqr}*A s ~;g}dx{}{iui~ }FÌ Ã Ì i fx(hjDibi q ~;w ¿ j h C h i O x r } i { } p r q i R { x u s ; T x $ s r q u ~ t * }. e i. i x ibqr~uhjhji xO}{i}{pqriRx{suRx+itg¼x*qSÁ HAq© suux iXx{}r~;tui}eti `~uA-xr~u q{s¨x{q Hs q{s RxiFq ~uRx{}{suRxriFqeqt¨s RxriF0q 9 . 8 3 3. K. #. . . !. . . . . . . . . !. . ,. B;. !". . . $ . ". A". B". ~;;x{}{suRx{i3i3s gs; xrp9. . "$#. . @ 2 5I(G . ~;;x{}{suRx{i3i3~ugqri}{¨s¨x{~;C9#. @ !. 32 5#". D&32 5#. *5 G %$@&;C I . & 0 . / ')(* +(#, - . 32 5#21. & 0 . / '3(4* +-5, ( . 35* 2K#. N8@. Y Õ MY ü.
(54) º ³´ g¾*ºH¯ =´ ³´ A·w´ ¶w®-º¾-·?ºH» ¶g´Cµu´ ¾®-¾´*¸¨¶¯*D·9ºH»¶g´ ¾$³¶w±é·?º ½Â° ®r´ ¾ . . k;k. . }riFqDi xbwi3sihs gi9 &. '3- * , >. . .2/. . 1. ;C 5D#. '3- * +-. &. . , > .2/. . N 1. 35* ;B#. &. '3- * , -. . & 3' - * +-5, .2/. 5D#. .2/. N . 5* #. O}{ig}rpFqi;x{i3s ¿ tgs Rx{¼x{p3i3Àg~ xgs;qrq{s Rxgs }e?© su}{ {Á }{p~uig qriiwqf9}{}{i~ ÃifqjhC Àgij~u wx{q iD` Àg}*~ su x3 xrp ~ux*s RAx3s t}rMiFqÁ§ÌTg}r¦§ ~;© iiuq}*s2x s hjwª2hjxwi$t}rii~upFs }*}{q~u}r¿ i;gtÌA}ri/p +x{iip qjqxm`¨~;ps gR}{sws ÃhjihCiiqj;hjx*iis x_;ixiFDq_t~u y~;qrghCuqzx*hjgs Ris xr+ÀgiFqq~u+xjq?~;©iF~;Rqz xx ¿ tG© X}{ i qxrDiM A~;y ;ÂhCÌs iX¿~;t}{Gq ¿ t© iFi qzxigqs;qe¨s i}{sÃsuqeiFDq_~uitx}iiqqg ~;}r~;guqzx*}*s s RhjxrhjiFq iq§wtùp}{su~ }{à iqefhjii ;qrp~uRpx}{sui9RÁ xrf}{i0q 9 µ w®¤ *¯¨³CG£³j´ ¶ ´ g¾=´´ C³_¶ °-gº±´ 8· jµu´ µu´ #Kw´ ¯¨³C·bº µ ¾ C ®-º ·¯ Dµ¶ ®-¾ ´³´ g·º ?®r´/µ;´ ±¸^ ¾ ¯ ¶w ® *´ ´ ´K·$¯¨±´j·+D´¶w¶wº ·b·H¾µu¾¯ ¸¨·?º¾ ¸¨·9®rº¾´ ¸ *A·¯ ¾±-´ º ¾> ®-*ºH¯ ´g·¶w ?®r®r±+
(55) ´ ¸¨´º ;A·º¾*±´ ¸ ·¾´C*µu¸*¶ ´ D´¸ *¸* º ·¯ ¸j®-³µuº 8· ´ ¶w ±*O¸ ´ ·9±·ºH¸ ¯ ¸¨¾® ¯¨Aµ¨³C ¶ ³jKe´_¯ ·µ;´-´ ¾b2·w¯ ´ ºH®-µJ³¾j´-µ;¾´-¾µ;´ #w´ ³C´³º ¾º Cg¾C·9®r´ ¸ · J´=¯®*¾¸ A·A±鶶 ¾j^³µu´ ¨³¸¨®-´ºH¸;¸¨° ® ±´ ¾´ ¾-µ;·e´ º K¯¨*· > ³¸¨´º³C¾$º ´¾± b±´´ ¯ ¾-=µ·Â°{´{® ¸ ¶ ¾ *¯¨*¯¨¶J®- ®{´-³¾ ¯¨¯ º ¾Dµ3;¸ ³A·¸gº H¸R¶ °-D´±A´ ¾ O¯¨´z±¼w¶w´·9ºHDµ¯ ;¸ g·µ¨¶ TKº ± ¯ ´-·X¾-·µ ¸ ®- º º · ±´*µ;¯¨´ ³C*³j¯ g¾´ *·?®-º ¶w>µuº ®r´ ´3¾*¾-± ¶/ ´ ¾ g¾b ´ ´2·³_°-´±´®-³jµu´ ´ ¾¾ ¶¨µ;¸¨´Aº®-ºHJ· ¸R¸ °-®-µ;±ºH´C¸;´ ° µ;K±´´-¯¨¾/K· Gµu¯ ´´·«¾-jK¶w¯¨³ ®3· ¶e³jº ±«´ ¸¨¾-® ¶C »w·e¶w¸ º ®-¹ ·9®r?/º ¯¨®_´ ¾*¾-¾ 0µ ·§¯/ ¶>»³j¶g´$¯F´ µu¾±¯2¸´¾µ;³¯¨´_³C° ¾-±³j¶w´_º´CFµ;®r´ µu´ ´ ¾e±´_w´³·?¯ ®rºH¸º µJg¾¾´ X·$µu´ µu¯ ¾ ´ =µ#w´ ® ³C ¾ mºb¾¯¸¨/®·?®r{w¸¯ ´¨¶w¶w´®-·®*¶/¾ ® ¸ w g· ¸ ¶J® {´®r·Â´ ¸u¸ ®C»® ¶g±P¸´ *´C» ¶w´-º ¾3=¯µu¨´¶¶¾e w ´¯¨®-®-³³C´ ¶w·e±¸¨0µ ·?/ºH¶w¯ ·?g¾º ±éº ¾´ ¨®$¸¨®-± ºH/ ¶¸;D´° ±C´ ¾3¯¨¶µ;´."± Ke/ ¸ ¯ ¶w·O·9®r´ ´· ¯¨¶w´®m³¾-º g¾º ³b D¾±éº ¯½§A·´T® µ;D¯¯ ¨¾§®rw¸¨¸ º¾® ¯ ¸¨º D´·´ ³³j´ ´ A·g·9K¾ * » ¶wº¨¸¨±´ A· ´ ¾ |Ttgqrit}*qexzyAiFqwi}{~ à fhjiqewi3ÀA~ xi vwqzx{iRxÌ ¿ ti ¿ tiFqei vwihjiqqr~uRx 9 ¦Xi© iFgqz}rx~ à ifhj}{~ ijà fihji3s/wwi$ihjwpFsu gwqiC~u/¬vwwppi;ÌG}r~ xbF^ Í wHis q{twqxtAqHIÁ suH}{GijGg© ysuq{sCqrig}3s;qtwi i ¿`~utggsu ;xrx{¼~ux{/p~ wà p z¬gig-x{i_;wiut^Á Àg~uxÁ ig}r~ à fhji3tÀA~ xhs¨vwhth/Ì~ F Hs twxhs vhjqri}ei3Àg~ xi;x{}ri3sq~;t}* imi ximgt¼x*qÁ ui~;gt}rhj~ à fthjiuÁi Ow©t~ à z~ iF+w-xTx{ hjGiFgqzxehws ib?hjÌ ~ Fhjs ¿ qitA}§s RiXxrxr~p+wwxÂtwÀgt_~ ÀgxO~uiFxqzx+ ¬vwp iÂi xO~CFj~*dg+wsx ¿ trieÁw|+s }*s e}§ªbi vwtgijhj~ +wiux Ì ¿ . i$~ +wx© ts }*mAitwx x{}ri$q{sC~;utgit}FÁ ÁÁÁ ÄÆ£ Ê`Ç
(56) +ÅgÇ Asuq{q ii}}{tA~ qà ifthC}*q=iÀgw~uix{qGhqrthxrtÀgx{~ suxjpihjqxiRtxggis ;gpqiOp}{}{supqriqrs suxrtX~ui ;x{w}riTt gtg}r~qrà itf}*hjqGi ~;wti Àgi~ q xF$9Áq~;HtÂ}*q © iusuÌuxCtwx{iq &-HÁ s i}{iq . 24 5D#. 24 5D#. . A". G. G. . B". . #. A". ". .
(57) . !. . -. . . . !. . . . !. L;. !. . . 6. !. . ! . . 8 J6. . . . !. . . ! . . . . . . . . . ;. . . !. . . . !. . . . . . . . . . . . J6. . . . . . . . . #8 3. . . . . !. . . . . . . . . . 8 3 +. . C#. C#. . . á. M5M ONP#PRQ"S.
(58) kJ. X¸J¾FºH¯ ·9º¾
(59) ®r´D´ ¾
Documents relatifs
Gillard, “Combinaison de la DG-FDTD avec un mod` ele de substitution pour un calcul de dosim´ etrie locale dans un probl` eme variable et fortement multi-´ echelle”, dans 18`
Le jugement porté par les femmes lettrées sur leurs soigneurs doit donc être nuancé en fonction de la personnalité de chacune, de la gravité de la maladie,
3.3 Processus d’alimentation d'entrepôt de données : Nous devons extraire, transformer et charger les données à partir des sources précédemment citées, dans l'entrepôt de
« On ne fait pas que des psychothérapies en clinique/…/On en parlait encore ce matin : est-ce qu’on a le temps de faire des psychothérapies, parce qu’on voit les gens
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des
« La prophétie, ou interprétation et conférence des Écritures se fera par les ministres du Colloque, en l’assemblée où chacun dira la tête découverte ce que Dieu lui
Pendant six ans, jusqu’au premier janvier 1568, le clergé de France doit fournir chaque année au roi l’équivalent de quatre décimes, un million six cent mille livres tournois,
We have shown that the cognitive control mode depends on multiple factors, either internal to operators (e.g. expertise, experience, skills) or external, relative to the