Negative pressures in full-scale distribution system: field investigation, modelling, estimation of intrusion volumes and risk for public health

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Titre:

Title

:

Negative pressures in full-scale distribution system: field

investigation, modelling, estimation of intrusion volumes and risk

for public health

Auteurs:

Authors

:

M. C. Besner, G. Ebacher, B. S. Jung, B. Karney, J. Lavoie, P.

Payment et Michèle Prévost

Date: 2010

Type:

Article de revue / Journal article

Référence:

Citation

:

Besner, M. C., Ebacher, G., Jung, B. S., Karney, B., Lavoie, J., Payment, P. & Prévost, M. (2010). Negative pressures in full-scale distribution system: field investigation, modelling, estimation of intrusion volumes and risk for public health. Drinking Water Engineering and Science, 3(2), p. 101-106.

doi:10.5194/dwes-3-101-2010

Document en libre accès dans PolyPublie

Open Access document in PolyPublie

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PolyPublie URL: https://publications.polymtl.ca/4788/

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Document publié chez l’éditeur officiel

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Titre de la revue:

Journal Title: Drinking Water Engineering and Science (vol. 3, no 2) Maison d’édition:

Publisher: Copernicus Publications URL officiel:

Official URL: https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-3-101-2010 Mention légale:

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Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 3, 101–106, 2010 www.drink-water-eng-sci.net/3/101/2010/ doi:10.5194/dwes-3-101-2010

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Negative pressures in full-scale distribution system:

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volumes and risk for public health

M. C. Besner1_{, G. Ebacher}1_{, B. S. Jung}2_{, B. Karney}3_{, J. Lavoie}4_{, P. Payment}5_{, and M. Pr´evost}1 1_{Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Dept, CP 6079,}

Succ. Centre-ville, Montr´eal (Qu´ebec), H3C 3A7, Canada

2_{MWH Soft Inc., 618 Michillinda Avenue, Suite 200, Arcadia, California, 91007, USA}

3_{Univ. of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering, 35 St.George St., Toronto (Ontario), M5S 1A4, Canada} 4_{City of Laval, Service de l’environnement, 2550 boul. Industriel, Laval (Qu´ebec), H7V 3Z4, Canada}

5_{INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval (Qu´ebec), H7V 1B7, Canada} Received: 10 February 2010 – Published in Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss.: 12 March 2010

Revised: 29 June 2010 – Accepted: 8 July 2010 – Published: 16 July 2010

Abstract. Various investigations encompassing microbial characterization of external sources of contami-QDWLRQ VRLO DQG WUHQFKZDWHU VXUURXQGLQJ ZDWHU PDLQV ÀRRGHG DLUYDOYH YDXOWV ¿HOG SUHVVXUH PRQLWRULQJ and hydraulic and transient analyses were conducted in the same distribution system where two epidemio-logical studies showing an increase in gastrointestinal illness for people drinking tap water were conducted in the 1990’s. Interesting results include the detection of microorganisms indicators of fecal contamination LQ DOO H[WHUQDO VRXUFHV LQYHVWLJDWHG EXW DW D KLJKHU IUHTXHQF\ LQ WKH ZDWHU IURP ÀRRGHG DLUYDOYH YDXOWV DQG the recording of 18 negative pressure events in the distribution system during a 17-month monitoring period. Transient analysis of this large and complex distribution system was challenging and highlighted the need to FRQVLGHU ¿HOG SUHVVXUH GDWD LQ WKH SURFHVV

1 Introduction

For the last few years, the topic of microbial intrusion in dis-tribution systems has been investigated by the NSERC In-dustrial Chair on Drinking Water at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal. Since 2004, our team and various collaborators have been awarded three successive research projects funded by the Canadian Water Network, during which various in-vestigations encompassing microbial characterization of ex-WHUQDO VRXUFHV RI FRQWDPLQDWLRQ ¿HOG SUHVVXUH PRQLWRULQJ hydraulic and transient analyses, and risk assessment model-ing were conducted or are still in progress.

One of the main concerns related to the occurrence of tran-sient negative pressure events in distribution systems is the potential for contamination associated with the intrusion of contaminated water through pipe leaks or other types of ori-¿FHV ,Q RUGHU WR DVVHVV WKH SXEOLF KHDOWK VLJQL¿FDQFH RI VXFK

Correspondence to: M. C. Besner (mcbesner@polymtl.ca)

events, parameters such as the frequency and the magnitude of negative pressure events, the level of microbial contam-ination from various sources or pathways, and the volumes of contaminated water intruded into the system are needed. :KLOH LW LV SRVVLEOH WR FRQGXFW ¿HOG FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ WR HV timate some of these parameters in full-scale distribution systems, some other inputs such as intrusion volumes may only be assessed using hydraulic, especially transient analy-sis, modeling.

Previous studies have shown that low or negative pressure events are not uncommon in distribution systems (Kirmeyer et al., 2001; LeChevallier et al., 2004; Gullick et al., 2004, 2005; Hooper et al., 2006) and that the soil and water sur-rounding water mains may contain fecal contamination and viruses (Karim et al., 2003). Aging drinking water infrastruc-ture certainly provides some potential pathway for contami-nant intrusion. A grade of D- has been awarded to US drink-ing water infrastructures (ASCE, 2009). Water losses be-tween 8 to 24% of the water supplied (unaccounted for water) have been estimated for developed countries based on 1991 data (WHO, 2001) and higher values are now commonly

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