Gestion de maillages triangulaires déformables
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Gestion de maillages triangulaires de´formables Benoıˆt Duval, Herve´ Guillard. N˚ 2272 Juillet 1994. PROGRAMME 6 Calcul scientifique, mode´lisation et logiciel nume´rique. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche. 1994.
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