HAL Id: halshs-00703352
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00703352
Preprint submitted on 1 Jun 2012
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Le travail bénévole
Edith Archambault
To cite this version:
"La statistique éclaire-t-elle les questions de société" ?
synthèse des débats
!" # $ % & % ' % ( % ) * + . ! " " ! # $ %& Exposé introductif # ' ( ) " # ' " * " & + ' "' " " , " " " - # ./ 0 " " # ' # 1 & 2 * 3 * * ' & ) 445 3" 678 + ' * # " " " # # 3 ' " # & ' ' 9 " ' " & ) " * " " " & " 3 ' # , " # ' ' ' " " & : ; " * " -" 3 &
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
= /> " " # ' " ' " 0 @ " # ? # " & ( O→ * P 2 F N " ? # = > Q R & " " , " K Q 3 . Q "" $ " " " ? 3 , * " " - " " " " S T " ' # ? %& B 11 F " F & " " " " " # ' & B # " # " # " 0 # 3 " - U " " " " .& " " , "' " N " - & G ? " $ .Q% ' " " $ Q%& B' # ? $ ' % & B " " # 3 ' # ? # ? & B * " " F # " F $ R /Q RQ %& ! " 9 11 "' " # ' 2 # "' ' * 2 & B ' " # # " ' " & ! V - # " $ * / W/ % 0 9 $ Q 1 K /Q / K % W/ ' " # " & ! * ? ' # ? # " & B " " 0 " # # " 'V " & B' " , * " F " * ' & : * " " " ' 3 A : " ' * " * # " # 3 " F " * # " # 3 # " F " * # " ' " & B " " D " M $ .Q M KKQ I "X % # & + F # " , " " # F # /2 " = " >& .) ' $ % ' " # 3 " &
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
/ - > BN $ N " "' ' # ? % ' " * " & " # * C & ! # " = > " " " 0 # " & 2 - 3 ? " " ? " " , ? , * ' ? $+<[% ' 0 ? & B " " - # & E " ( ? ? ' - = * >AB " 3 = " > ? # , " # - # # ' ' " " & J' U " 9 ? & ) " - " # " " 3 ' # , * ' * - " & B # ( ! 0 ? # $= " ' " ? # >%& G # " 3 3 $ " ' ? % 0 # " " ( 3 # ' " * & B " " , " ' \ ]]]]] Débat ( " ' - # ' N " 0 # ' ? * ^ U 3 " & J' 3 " ' _ ` T 11/ * N " F = - > 3 - " - I ; - & B 0 / ^ " # N " " * # " - $ Q " W Q * 2 %& B ) " 3 " * 3 " * " -? " N " &
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
W " , " " " 3 " " " " & ) " = # > # " " = > , = " " " # " " " >& ! ' - = "a > & ! " " " " , - # = > 0 # " # 9 ? 9 9 " = >& # 1 Y ' ' " 3 & B D " " * & B' # " = > , # ' * ^ = > " ' N " " " 9 ; ) " " " # " & J ? = > " * # " ' ? - 3 # ' " ' " , "' " " = C " 3 > * & B = G L > " * 3 * "" " ? " " & < " # ? = > ' " " * " " & " " * " " 3 " " " # ' " , ' ' " " # " K& B " ' # ? 0 ' * " , " & B " = ' " # -" > # 3 " , " " " ' "" ( ' " " " " " ' " " & J - " "" 9 ' " ' 3 ( : ? "' 9 " & B ' M * " @ # 3 3 & + F " ? , " " " " " " # " ; !a ! * ; & J' * # - " " " " # & K2 " # - " " 9 # 0 " " = < " $< IB% >& B < IB " ' # ? &
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bIG) & ! ' * # # ;!G , # ' " 3 # " ' A B # " " # " # " 3 " # ? # ? - # ? $" # " ;!G W - " " %&
1 # ? & ! " ' = " F > 0 I<+ " ' & B = > = * > "& , " # & N - W ' " # ' & 2 " # " ' " ? * " " " " # = "" > ( " 3 0 " ? " 0 ' " " # ' & !' " " " " " " & " ' " ' = ; > " ' " $ * %& < # ' " * # ' , " " A ) * ^ " " " " " # H H # # " " - # & ( % B " = # ? "" # > " ' , " # " ( ) " 9 " # " , = > ' ? " " ' - " " & J # " " "' 3 " " " # # & " # # C # J ! " ' # " # " " " " " = - > # " " 0 ' " # ' 3# # ) " " " & B ? " N " # # & " " " " " # , " ' & B " " " ? " " # & < - " U ? " , " " " = " > ' " , " " $" : ) % " # ' " & : " ' * & B " * # " ' " ' ' ' $ " 3 ' " %& ' " "' " - # " , Y " ? " & 2 " # G)2 $= "# ' * " >% " " &
* # " " & B " * ' N " " " 3 ' & < ' Y " 3 # , "' " " # M & J ' " # $ " # # ' " %& 9 M = Y 3 > ' " , = 9' M 9 >& " ( ) ' " ' * & J " " 0 " " 3 ' 9 " & B , " # " ' " # * # " * # " ' & # " ' ' " " ' # * " " F # " F & 2 - ' " " " " = * > V" # " " A B' " # " " ' " " * 0 ? " * ' " , " " " & " # ' " # & 2 " " $ " - % V" # ? - I<+& B 3 = " > # " # " "" "& " & " 3 " # ? = G # H ` " " " " > " & 2 $ 2 " " ' * , = # # # ' > = Y 3 >& B' " " # 9 " ' # " " & C # ' # " 3 " & " * " ' " & ) ' " " " " # , " " ' ' * " & ? " (
! " #$ %&'( )* * + $ % ,) - . $ R Q R % 3 * / ,0 - 1 N , R Q 'V 45 67, Q 0 68 97 , / Q 0 98 77 , K Q 0 45-54 ,2 - 0 55-64 ,. - 0 :8 ;7 , W Q 0 ;8 , Q ! , . Q 0 3 4 ,0 - 0 J " , Q 0 G , Q 'V R ) " , Q 0 c , W Q 0 d , Q 0 d , . Q 0 , 5 6, 7, -M , . Q 0 !2 , . Q 0 I2 ! !) I2 , 1Q 0 I " , Q 0 I "X , K Q 0 6' 8) 77-; c e , 1 Q 0 K e , R Q 0 K K e , K Q 0 6)7** 9 7)-' : ,+ - 1 ) ***4)* *** ; ,<- 1 , 1 Q 0 d , R Q " < N " , Q 0 I , Q 0 L , RQ 0 ,0- 1 = ,+ - 1 : , Q 0 % 4 ,. - 1 C , R Q ' " # > ? ,. -) " # 3 , K Q L " # , 1 Q ' " ! 72 -) " ' , R Q / < ) < = - > 0>' ,=&&/ $ , 2 # ? 2 !G <L 22 G " %
) $ 5 ! )* * % ! ), -! / Q B / Q 2 " R Q J ' ? " . Q )" " Q ; / Q ) R Q ** -/ < ) < = - > 0>' ,=&&/ L " , Q " " " ,; 55 5 )**0 > $ $ 1 , % 5 5 C<! -' " " -? " " ( $ C % . R W 1 - @' 1 Q W Q 1 Q / < ' $ & ) ? @ A =&(@' = - B 947 6CCD&