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Avian extraintestinal escherichia coli exhibits enterotoxigenic-like activity in the in vivo rabbit ligated ileal loop assay

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Table S1. Strains and plasmids.

Strains Characteristics Reference or source

DH5 K-12, F- 80 Δ (lacZYA-argF) endA1

recA1 hsdR17 deoR thi-1 supE44 gyrA96 relA1

Bethesda Research Laboratories

7122 APEC O78:K80:H9, gyrA Nalr

7273 7122 tsh::tetAR(B), Nalr Tcr

7274 7273 cured of pAPEC-1, Nalr

Plasmids

pBluescript SKII AmpR cloning vector Stratagene

pYA3108 tsh gene encoded on a 7 kb ClaI

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References

Dozois C., Dho-Moulin M., Bree A., Fairbrother J., Desautels C. and Curtiss R. Relationship between the Tsh

autotransporter and pathogenicity of avian Escherichia coli and localization and analysis of the Tsh genetic region. Infect Immun 2000; 68:4145 - 4154.

Provence D.L. and Curtiss R. Role of crl in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli: a knockout mutation of crl does not affect hemagglutination activity, fibronectin binding, or Curli production. Infect Immun 1992; 60:4460-7.

Provence D.L. and Curtiss R. Isolation and characterization of a gene involved in hemagglutination by an avian pathogenic

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Table S2. Primers, amplicons and positive controls for the virulence genes used to characterize APEC SEPT362 by PCR.

Activity Primer Sequence (5’  3’) Amplicon size

(bp) Positive control Reference Toxin (LT) LT-F ACGGCGTTACTATCCTCTC 273 PCAW LT-R TGGTCTCGGTCAGATATGTG Toxin (STp) STp-F TCTTTCCCCTCTTTTAGTCAG 166 PCAY STp-R ACAGGCAGGATTACAACAAAG Toxin (STh) STh-F TTCACCTTTCCCTCAGGATG 120 PCAY STh-R CTATTCATGCTTTCAGGACCA Toxin (Stx1) stx1-F ATAAATCGCCATTCGTTGACTAC 180 EDL933 stx2-R AGAACGCCCACTGAGATCATC Toxin (Stx2) stx2-F GGCACTGTCTGAAACTGCTCC 255 EDL933 stx2-R TCGCCAGTTATCTGACATTCTG Toxin (CNF-1) cfn1-F CATTCAGAGTCCTGCCCTCATTATT 498 FVL16 cnf1-R AAGATGGAGTTTCCTATGCAGGAG Toxin (CNF-2) cfn2-F TATCATACGGCAGGAGGAAGCACC 1,241 EC895 cfn2-F GTCACAATAGACAATAATTTTCCG Toxin (CDT-I) cdt-Is-F CAATAGTCGCCCACAGGA 411 EC457 cdt-IIas-R ATAATCAAGAACACCACCAC Toxin (EAST-1) EAST1-F TGCCATCAACACAGTATATCC 116 APECO1 EAST1-R TCAGGTCGCGAGTGACGGC

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(Tsh) tsh-R CTTCCGATGTTCTGAACGT SPATE (Sat) sat-F TGCTGGCTCTGGAGGAAC 667 FVL35 sat-R TTGAACATTCAGAGTACCGGG SPATE (Pic) pic-F ACTGGATCTTAAGGCTCAGG 409 FVL16 pic-R TGGAATATCAGGGTGCCACT SPATE (Vat) vat-F TCCTGGGACATAATGGTCAG 981 APECO1 vat-R GTGTCAGAACGGAATTGT SPATE (SigA) sigA-F CCGACTTCTCACTTTCTCCCG 430 CF2 sigA-R CCATCCAGCTGCATAGTGTTTG SPATE (Pet) pet-F GGCACAGAATAAAGGGGTGTTT 302 042 pet-R CCTCTTGTTTCCACGACATAC SPATE (SepA) sepA-F GCAGTGGAAATATGATGCGGC 794 CF2 sepA-R TTGTTCAGATCGGAGAAGAACG SPATE (EatA) eatA-F CAGGAGTGGGAACATTAAGTCA 743 ETEC23 eatA-R CGTACGCCTTTGATTTCAGGAT SPATE (EspP) espP-F GTCCATGCAGGGACATGCCA 547 EDL933 espP-R TCACATCAGCACCGTTCTCTAT SPATE (EspC) espC-F TAGTGCAGTGCAGAAAGCAGTT 301 E2348/69 espC-R AGTTTTCCTGTTGCTGTATGCC Adhesin (ECP) G268** GTGACATGGCAAAATGATTACAGC 1974 EDL933 G273*** TCACGGGAATGAACTTATCACCC Adhesin (Type 1

fimH-F TGCAGAACGGATAAGCCGTGG 508 U-8301/12

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fimbria) Adhesin (Long polar fimbria A1-1) lpfAO127-F AGTTGGTGATAAATCACCAT 222 E2348/69 lpfAO127-R GTGCTGGATTCACCACTATTCATCG Adhesin (Long polar fimbria A1-2) lpfAO26-F AAGTCTGTATTTACTGCTATG 273 48C-A lpfAO26-R GAAATACAGAACGGTCTGA Adhesin (Long polar fimbria A1-3) lpfAO157/OI-141-F CTGCGCATTGCCGTAAC 412 EDL933 lpfAO157/OI-141-R ATTTACAGGCGAGATCGTG Adhesin (Long polar

lpfAONT:H10-F AAGTCTGTGTTTACCACTACT 273 SCI07

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fimbria A1-4) Adhesin (Long polar fimbria A1-5)

lpfA ONT:H26-F GGTTGGTGACAAATCCCCG

250 O119

lpfA ONT:H26-R GAGAACCGTCTGGCCTGTTT

Adhesin (Long polar fimbria A2-1) lpfAO113-F GGTAGTCTGGCGTCGCCACAGA 207 O8 lpfAO113-R AATACGAATACCAACGCCG Adhesin (Long polar fimbria A2-2) lpfAO157/OI-154-F GCAGGTCACCTACAGGCGGC 525 EDL933 lpfAO157/OI-154-R CTGCGAGTCGGAGTTAGCTG Adhesin (Long lpfAO44-F GGTAGTCTGGCGTCACCACAGC 207 042 lpfAO44-R AATACGAATACCGACACCC

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polar fimbria Adhesin (Curli) csgA-F ACTCTGACTTGACTATTACC 200 U-8301/12 csgA-R AGATGCAGTCTGGTCAAC Adhesin (S fimbrial adhesion) sfa/focDE-F CTCCGGAGAACTGGGTGCATCTTAC 410 FVL16 sfa/focDE-R CGGAGGAGTAATTACAACCTGGCA Adhesin (P fimbria) papC-F GTGGCAGTATGAGTAATGACCGTTA 200 FVL16 papC-R ATATCCTTTCTGAGGGATGCAATA Adhesin (afimbrial adhesin) afa/drab-F TAAGGAAGTGAAGGAGCGTG 809 FVL35 afa/drab-R CCAGTAACTGTCCGTGACA Adhesin (REPEC adherence locus) ral-F ATGGATAAGCGTACGCC 2,282 REPEC83/39 Adhesin (REPEC adherence ral-R AATACTAACTGGTAGGG

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locus)

* Serine protease autotransporter ** located in the ecpR gene *** located in the ecpB gene

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REFERENCES

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Bölin I., Wiklund G., Qadri F., et al. . Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with STh and STp Genotypes Is Associated with Diarrhea Both in Children in Areas of Endemicity and in Travelers. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3872-3877.

Ewers C., Janßen T., Kießling S., Philipp H.-C. and Wieler L.H. Molecular epidemiology of avian pathogenic Escherichia

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Johnson J. and Stell A. Extended virulence genotypes of Escherichia coli strains from patients with urosepsis in relation to phylogeny and host compromise. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:261 - 272.

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Le Bouguenec C., Archambaud M. and Labigne A. Rapid and specific detection of the pap, afa, and sfa adhesin-encoding operons in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:1189-1193.

Leyton D.L., Adams L.M., Kelly M., et al. . Contribution of a novel gene, rpeA, encoding a putative autotransporter adhesin to intestinal colonization by rabbit-specific enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2007; 75:4664-9.

Maurer J.J., Brown T.P., Steffens W.L. and Thayer S.G. The Occurrence of Ambient Temperature-Regulated Adhesins, Curli, and the Temperature-Sensitive Hemagglutinin Tsh among Avian Escherichia coli. Avian Dis 1998; 42:106-118.

Paton A.W. and Paton J.C. Detection and Characterization of Shiga ToxigenicEscherichia coli by Using Multiplex PCR Assays forstx 1, stx 2,eaeA, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA,rfb O111, andrfb O157. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:598-602.

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Sjöling Å., Wiklund G., Savarino S.J., Cohen D.I. and Svennerholm A.-M. Comparative Analyses of Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods for Detection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Toxins and Colonization Factors. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3295-3301.

Szalo I.M., Goffaux F., Pirson V., Piérard D., Ball H. and Mainil J. Presence in bovine enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli of genes encoding for putative adhesins of human EHEC strains. Res Microbiol 2002; 153:653-658.

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Figure

Table S2. Primers, amplicons and positive controls for the virulence genes used to characterize APEC SEPT362 by PCR.

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