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Touch the map! Designing Interactive Maps for Visually Impaired People

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Open Archive TOULOUSE Archive Ouverte (OATAO)

OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible.

This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 12370

To link to this article : DOI :10.1145/2444800.2444802 URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2444800.2444802

To cite this version : Brock, Anke Touch the map! Designing Interactive Maps for Visually Impaired People. (2013) ACM

SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing (n° 105). pp. 9-14. ISSN 1558-2337

Any correspondance concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected]

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