تقدير المحتوى الفنولي و التأثير المضاد للأكسدة لمستخلصات بعض النباتات الطبية المستعملة تقليديا في علاج اضطرابات الجهاز الهضمي و ارتفاع ضغط الدم

(1)

ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﳉﺍ

ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ

ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ

ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ

ﻛﺬﻣ

ـ

ﺓﺮ

ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﺮﻴﺘﺴﺟﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ

ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﻤﻴﻛﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ

ﺮﺠﺘﻟﺍ

ﻳﻳﻳﻳ

ﺔﻴﺒ

ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ

:

ﺔﺤﻴﻠﺻ ﻝﺪﻴﺟ

ﻭ ﻲﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ

ﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ

ــــ

ﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴ

ــــ

ﻸﻟ ﺩﺎ

ﺓﺪﺴﻛ

ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟ

ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ

ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺝﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ

ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻀﻬﻟﺍ

ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ

ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﺘﳌﺍ

:

ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ

:

ﺃ.

ﺪﻤﳏ ﺵﺎﺒﻌﻛ

ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ

ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﻒﻴﻄﺳ

ﻑﺮﺸﳌﺍ

:

ﺩ

.

ﻖﻳﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻑﻮﻨﺧ

ﺮﺿﺎﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ

ﻒﻴﻄﺳ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﻷﺍ

ﺀﺎﻀﻋ

:

ﺩ

.

ﲔﺴﺣ ﺭﻮﻌﻟ

ﺮﺿﺎﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ

ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ

ﻒﻴﻄﺳ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ

ﺩ

.

ﺪﻴﺷﺭ ﺏﺎﻄﺤﻠﺑ

ﺮﺿﺎﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ

ﻒﻴﻄﺳ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

-2009

(2)

ﺱﺮﻬﻔﻟﺍ

ﺮﻜﺷ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺺﺨﻠﳌﺍ ﺺﺨﻠﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻻﺎﺑ ﺺﺨﻠﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺼﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ 1 ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ I -ﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﻭ 3 I -1 ﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻉ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛ 3 I -2 ﻷﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛ 5 I -3 ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﻷﺍ ﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺄ ﻱﺪﺴﻛ 8 I -4 ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﰲ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ 0 1 I -5 ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﻻ ﺓﺰﻔﶈﺍ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻔﻧﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ 1 1 I -6 ﺭﻭﺩ ﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﺃ ﺀﻮﺸﻧ ﰲ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ ﻲﻤ 15 І I -ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣ 19 І I -1 ﺔﻴﳝﺰﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣ 19 І I -2 ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻴﳝﺰﻧﻹﺍ 21 І -II ﻝﻮﻨﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋ 26 І -II 1 ﺎﲪﻷﺍ ﺽ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ 26 І -II 2 ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺍ (Tanins) 27 І -II 3 ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ 28 І -II 3 1 -ﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﻡ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ 29 І -II 3 2-ﺍﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﻼﻔﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ 33 І -II 3 3-ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺎﻫﲑﺛﺄﺗﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ 35 І -II 3 -4 ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ 36

(3)

І -II 3 -1-4 ﺔﻳﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﺣﺮﻘﻠﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ 36 І -II 3 2-4 ﺗﺄ ﲑﺛ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻹ ﺾﻔﺨﳌﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ 38 -IV ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺎﺑ 41 IV ﺝﻼﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺃ ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣ 41 IV -2 ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺝﻼﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ 45 ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ І 1-ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ 47 І 2-ﺔﻳﱪﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ 47 І -1 ﺩﺍﻮـــﳌﺍ 47 І -1 -1 ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ 47 І -1 -2 ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ 48 І -1 -3 ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ 48 І -2 ﻞــﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ 48 І -2 -1 ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺳﺍ 48 І -2 -2 ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ 49 І -2 -3 ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ 50 І -2 -4 ﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺕ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ 52 І -2 -4 ﺃ ﺭﺬﺟ ﺔﺣﺍﺯﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ DPPH 52 І 2 -2 -4 -ﺏ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ β-carotene / ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ 53 ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ І I -1 ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ 55

(4)

І I -2 ﺔﻳﱪﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ 62 І -I 2 -1 ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ 62 І I -2 -2 ﺭﺬﳉ ﻲﺣﺍﺯﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ DPPH 65 І I -2 3-ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺇ ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ / β-carotene 70 ﺔﲤﺎﳋﺍ 77 ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ

(5)

ﺮﻜﺷ

ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻧﺇ ﻢﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻋﻭ ﻪﻠﻀﻔﺑ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻩﺮﻜﺷﺃﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺪﻤﺣﺃ

ﻠﻋ ﻞﺨﺒﻳ ﻢﻟ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻑﻮﻨﺧ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺰﺠﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ

ﻪﺗﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﺑ ﻲ

ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻓﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﺔﻠﻴﻃ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺤﺋﺎﺼﻧﻭ

ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﺍﻮﻠﺒﻗﻭ ﺍﻮﻠﻀﻔﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ

ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ

ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺵﺎﺒﻌﻛ

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍﻭ

ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﺭﻮﻌﻟ

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍﻭ

ﺪﻴﺷﺭ ﺏﺎﻄﺤﻠﺑ

ﻞﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻐﺑ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﺼﻟﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺍﺮﻜﺸﺗ

ﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗﻭ ﻪﺗﺍﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ

ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺎ

ﻲﺗﺍﺮﻜﺸﺗ

ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺤﺋﺎﺼﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺎﺒﺻ ﻖﻓﺮﻣﻮﺑ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳﻸﻟ

ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻫﺎﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻞﻳﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ

(6)

ﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ

ﺓﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺪﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺪﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺪﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﺗﺪﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻦﻴﻤﻳﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺀﻼﻣﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻗﺪﺻﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ

(7)

ﻠﳌﺍ

ﺺﺨ

:

ﻑﺮﻋ ﻷﺎﺑ ﻱﻭﺍﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺸﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﰲ ﺍﲑﺒﻛ ﺎﻣﺪﻘﺗ ﺃ ﻭ ،ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﳓ ﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺯ ﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﺽﺍﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺪﺟﻭ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﱐﻻﺪﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻐﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﺕﺍﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑﻭ . ﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻠﻤﺘﺷﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﺝﻼﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺞﻳﺮﻳﺮﻋﻮﺑ ﺝﺮﺑﻭ ﻒﻴﻄﺳ ﱵﻳﻻﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ـﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﳛﺰﳌﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ 40 ﺔﺘﺒﻧ . ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺒﻓ DPPH ﻥﺃ ﺪﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺃ Pistacia lentiscus ﻭ Myrtus communis ﻹﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻠﲤ ﻷﺍ ﻲﺣﺍﺯ ـﺑ ﱪﻛ IC50 ﺎﻳﻭﺎﺴﻣ ـﻟ 0,014 ± 0,0006 ﻭ 0,016 ± 0 ,0007 ﻎﻣ \ ﻞﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱄﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺍﻮﺘﳏ ﱃﺇ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻊﺟﺮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝﻭ ـﺑ ﺭﺪﻗ 0,02±54,93 ﻭ 0,007±59,6 ﻚﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺾﻤﳊ ﺊﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﻎﻣ / ﻑﺎﳉﺍ ﻥﺯﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻍ ﻕﺭﺯﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺳﻭﺮﺑ ﻲ . ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺇ ﺮﻬﻇﺃ carotene / B-ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ ﻲﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻥﺃ Myrtus communis ﻭ Punica granatum ﻢﻴﻘﺑ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﺒﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺔﻄﺒﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﱪﻛﺄﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ 97 % ﻭ 91.88 ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺎﺑ . ﺢﻴﺗﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ : ؛ﻝﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋ ؛ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ؛ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ DPPH ؛ β-carotene / ﺾﲪ ﻚﻴﻴﻟﻮﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍ .

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Résumé:

Les plantes médicinales ont été employées pendant des siècles comme remèdes pour les maladies humaines où elles constituent une source importante des composants à activités biologiques et pharmacologiques très variées. Dans ce présent travail, on a fait l’étude statistique des plantes médicinales utilisées en médecine traditionnelle dans le traitement des maladies gastro-intestinales et l’hypertension.

Différentes méthodes ont été utilisées pour mesurer la capacité antioxydante de quarante extraits aqueux des plantes. Dans le test DPPH, les feuilles de Pistacia lentiscus et de Myrtus

communis ont un puissant effet scavenger sur ce radical (IC50 =0,014±0,0006, 0,016± 0,0007 mg/ml), ceci peut être dû à leurs teneurs élevés en polyphénols (54,93± 0,02, 59,6 ±0,007mg équivalent acide gallique/g de matière sèche respectivement) qui sont estimés par la technique de bleu de Prusse .

L’utilisation de la méthode de B-carotene/ Acide linoléique a montré que Myrtus communis et Punica granutumont une activité inhibitrice de la pérooxydation lipidique la plus puissante (97, 91.88 % respectivement) en comparaison avec les autres extraits.

Mots clés: plantes médicinales, polyphénols, activité antioxydante, DPPH, B-carotene/Acide linoléique.

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Abstract

phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of 40 decoctions of plants from 21 botanical families grown in Algeria were investigated. These plants are used traditionaly fof gastro-intestinal disorders and hypertension. antioxidant capacity was estimated using DPPH

(1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl radical) method and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay . Total phenolics were measured using the Prussian bleu assay and flavonoids using AlCl3

method. Many investigated plants contain high amounts of phenolics and exhibited high antioxidant capacity. Total polyphenols ranged from 0,007 to 59.6 mg (GAE/ g dry weight ). Plants with the highest free radical scavenging activities were Pistachia lentiscus L

(IC50 = 0,014±0,0006) and Murtus communis L (IC 50 = 0,016 ±0 ,0007), these plants belong

to the families of Anacardiaceae and Myrtaceae respectably. Quercetin, gallic acid and rutin were used as positive controls. Using β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay, Murtus

communis L and Punica granutum (Punaceae) had the highest antioxidant activities (97 and

91.88 %) percentage inhibition respectably. BHT was used as positif control in this test. It is noticed that many medicinal plants used traditionaly for gastrointestinal disorders and hypertension exhibited antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacities due in part to phenolic compounds in these plants.

Key words : medicinal plants, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic

acid.

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ﺕﺍﺮﺼﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ

ANG Angiotensin. BHT Butylated hydroxyltoluene COx Cyclooxigenase. DPPH 2,2’-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl. DOCA Deoxycorticosterone-acetate. ET Endothelin. GPx Glutathion peroxydase. GR Glutathion reductase. LDL Low density lipoprotein . MDA Malonaldialdehide. MPO Myeloperoidase.

NO Nitric Oxide.

NOS nitric oxide synthase. PDE Phosphodiesterase. PGI2 Prostacyclin2.

RAA Relative Antioxidant Activity. ROS Reactive Oxygen Species. SD Standard Deviation. SOD Superoxide dismutase. TNF Tumor necrosis factor .

TXA Thromboxane.

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ﺔـﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ

:

ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺟﺭﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﺑ ﻢﺴﳉﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻭ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻳﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺰﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻴﳌﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺬﳉﺍ ﲑﻏ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﳊﺍ ﻦﻤﻀﻳ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺘﻟﺎﻓ ﻢﺴﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ Ozgen) ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2006 ( . ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﻬﺟﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﰲ ﻁﺍﺮﻓﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﱪﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﳘﺃ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﻷﺍﻭ ﲪ ﺎ ﻳﻭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺽ ﺔ ﻷﺍ ﺭﺮﻀﺗ ﰲ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺎﺒﺒﺴﺘﻣ ، ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﻭﺪﺣﻭ ﺔﺠﺴﻧ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻬﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻟﺍ ﱯﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﺃﻭ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻋﻮ ) Galvez ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2005 ( . ﰲ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺿﺈﻛ ﺓﺮﺜﻜﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺴﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﻳﺎﻤﳊ ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻷﺍ ) Djeridane ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2006 ( ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﺗﻭ ، ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺒﺜﺗ ﻴ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻠﺧﺪﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﳝﺰﻧﻻﺍ ﻂ ﺇ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﺰﻴﻔﲢ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺩﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﺔﺣﺍﺯ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺔﻳﺩﺆﻣ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳝﺰﻧﻻﺍ ﺇ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺾﻴﻔﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﱃ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ، ﺇ ﱃ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﺀﻮﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﻠﺨ ﺎﻤﻬﻣ ﺍﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺎﺃ ﺫﺇ ، ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﻟ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻧ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﻀﺤﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺎﻮﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﺎﺍﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺔﻠﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻠﻜﺗ ﺽﺎﻔﳔﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺯﺎﺘﲤﻭ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺕﺍﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺟﻼﻋ . ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻠﻟ ﰊﺎﳚﻻﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻌﻳ ﺎﻴﺋﺰﺟ ﻮﻟ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻏ ﱃﺇ ) ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﲪﻷﺍ ﻍﺎﺑﺪﻟﺍﻭ ( . ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﻚﻠﲤﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻋﻮﻨﺗﻭ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺔﻌﺳﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﻻﺪﻴﺻﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ) Bravo ، 1998 ( .

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ﻮﻫ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪﳍﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﱄﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﶈﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﳛﺰﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻣ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﳌ ﻟﺒﻨ ﺎﺗ ﺕﺎ ﱯﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ، ﺔﻴﺒﻃ ﺝﻼﻌﻟ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺽﺮﻣ ﺝﻼﻌﻟﻭ ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﺃ ﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻠﻟ ﺮﺼﺣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﺽﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘ ﺝﺮﺑﻭ ﻒﻴﻄﺳ ﱵﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺞﻳﺮﻳﺮﻋﻮﺑ .

(13)

I

-ﻹﺍ

ﺩﺎﻬﺟ

ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ

ﻩﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﻭ

:

ﻷﺍ ﻚﻟﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺠﻛ ﺎﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ﻳ ﻴﻀ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﻝﺪﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﻲﳝﺰﻧﺇ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﻞﺜﻣ : catalase ﻭ superoxide dismutase ﻭ glutathion peroxidase ﻭ ، ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻻ ﺇ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﳝﺰﻧ ﻨﻴﻣﺎﺘﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎ C ﻭ E ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻴﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ . ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﺴﻛﺆﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺙﻭﺪﺣ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ " ﻹﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﻬﺟ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ " ) Maria ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 2003 ( . I -1

ﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ

ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛ

:

ﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻖﻠﻄﻳ ﺕﺍﺪﺴﻛﺆﳌ ﺃ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺆﳌﺍ ﻊﺋﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺫ ﻱﺰﺟ ﺀ ﻥﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﺇ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻩﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﰲ ﻞﻤﳛ ﻭﺃ ﺮﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺃ ﺀﻱﺰﺟ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﺁ ﺮﺧ ﺃ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺃ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ ﺃ ﻷﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺞﺘﻨﺗﻭ ،ﻯﺮﺧ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ ﻷﺍ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﳋﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﳍﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﻔﻴﻌﺿ ﺰﻴﻛﺍﺮﺘﺑ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻳ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﻠﻟ ﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﻳﻭ ﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺝﺎﺘﻧ ﺎ ﻮﺑ ﺔﻄﺳﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻸﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺩ ﺯﺎﻬﺟ ) Maria ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 2003 ( . ﺇ ﻻ ﺇ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻳﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺷﻸﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻪﻧ ﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺷ ﺔﻴﺠﺴﻔﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻥﺩﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﺑﺭ ﻥﻮﺑﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻡﻮﻤﺴﻟﺍﻭ carbon tetrachloride) ( ﺍﻭ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﰲ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺙﺪﳛ ﺔﻴﳝﺰﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﱵﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﲰ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺬﳉﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ) Cohen ، 2002 ( . ﱪﺘﻌﺗﻭ ﻷﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛ )

(Reactive oxygen species

ﻲﻫ ﻷﺍ ﺓﻮﻗﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺳ ﺮﺜﻛ ، ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻨﺑ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﳝ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺃ ﺔﻄﺸﻧ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ ﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻯﺮﺧ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺭﻮﻠﻜﻟﺍ H2O2 ﻊﻣ ﺃ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺘﻟ ﺭﻮﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻳ ﻹﺍ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻠﻛﻮﺒﻳ ، ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ myeloperoxidase ) Saran ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1999 ( ﻭﺃ ﻷﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺕﻭﺯ ﻥﻮﻳﺃ 2 ° -O ﻱﺩﺎﺣﻷﺍ ﺕﻭﺯﻷﺍ ﺪﻴﺴﻛﺃ ﻊﻣ ) NO ( ﺀﺎﻄﻋﻹ ﺭﺬﺟ NOO-° ) Bechman ﻭ Koppenol ، 1996 ( .

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ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻔﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺘﻴﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺭﺄﺑ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻲﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﲔﺠﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﺟﺭﺇ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻱﺭﺪﻨﻛﻮ ﻹ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻋ ﺇ ﻻ ﺃ ﻹﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻪﻧ ﲑﻏ ﻉﺎﺟﺭ ﻟﺍ ﻺﻟ ﻡﺎﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ﺕﺎﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ O-°2 ﻭ H2O2 ﻭ OH-° ) Tessier ﻭ Marconnet ، 1995 ( . ﺞﺘﻨﻳ O-°2 ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ NADPH oxidase ﺍ ﻲﻣﺯﻼﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﻭﺯﻭﺮﻜﻴﳌ ﻭ ﱘﺰﻧﺇ NADPH deshydrogenase ﻱﺭﺪﻨﻛﻮﺘﻴﳌﺍ ) ﺐﻛﺮﳌﺍ I ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴﻠﻟ ( ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣﻭ ubiquinone ) ﺐﻛﺮﳌﺍ II ﻭ III ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴﻠﻟ ( ﻭ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻲﻠﳌﺎﺑ ﺭﺪﻘﺗ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺓﲑﺼﻗ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﻒﺼﻧ ﺓﺪﻣ ﻭﺫﻭ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺭﺬﳉﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ pH ،ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺘﻣ ﺇﺫ ﻞﻴﻟﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻳ ﺋﺎﳌﺍ ﱘﺰﻧﺇ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺔﻴ superoxide dusmitase ﺇ ﱃ H2O2 ) Tessier ﻭ Marconnet ، 1995 ( . ﻭ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺭﺬﺟ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ OH-° ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺇ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﻳ ﺫ Haber-Weiss ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﺑ H2O2 ﻊﻣ O-°2 ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ : ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍﺭﺬﺟ ﺗ ﻦﻋ ﻞﻋﺎﻔ H2O2 ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﺑ ﻰﻤﺴﻳﻭ ﺪﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻊﻣ Fenten ) Hammond ﻭ Hess ، 1985 ( ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ : ﻭ ﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺞﻴﻬﳌﺍ ﲔﺠﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ) (1O2 ، ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺮﺣ ﻥﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﺇ ﺏﺎﻴﻐﺑ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻳ ﺪﺟﻮﺑ ﻪﺟﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﺇ ﺍﻮﺑ ﺰﻔﳏ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺗ ﻂﻴﺸﻨﺗ ﺔﻄﺳ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﺓﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ) macrophages ( ﻭﺃ ﻊﻣ ﻪﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﺑ ﺔﻳﻮﻠﺧ ﺍﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﻖﺤﻠﻳ ،ﻥﻮﻫﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻥﻮﻫﺪﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﱪﻟﺍ ﻭ ADN ﺐﺴﺣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﻪﺟﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻣ ) Halliwell ﻭ Gutteridge ، 1999 ( . ﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺍ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻳ ﺭﻮﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ ﺃ ﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺎﺑ ﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﱘﺰﻧﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﲑ myeloperoxidase ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻛ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺎﺑ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ O-2° ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑﻭ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ Superoxide

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dismutase ﻞﻜﺸﺘﻳ H2O2 ﻻﺪﺑﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺃ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻳ ﻥ ﺇ ﺀﺎﻣ ﱃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑﻭ ﺭﻮﻠﻜﻟﺍ 140) ﻲﻠﻣ ﺮﻟﻮﻣ ( ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ myeloperoxidase ﺑﺈ ﺝﺎﺘﻧ HOCL ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﺴﻛﺆﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺍ ﻳﻮﻗ ﺎ ﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻳ ﻊﻣ ﲑﺧ O-°2 ﻹ ﺀﺎﻄﻋ ﺭﺬﺟ OH-° ﺑ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺈ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻝﺎﺼﺗ ) Saran ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1999 ( . ﺭﺬﺟ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ NO-° ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺃ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ L-arginine ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺘﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ

nitric oxide synthase (NOS) ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻤﻛ ﱃﺇ ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺟﻭﺮﺘﻧ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺃ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻯﺮﺧ : nitrosonium (NO+) ﻭ nitroxyl (NO-) ﻭ ﺭﺬﺟ (ONOO -) peroxynitrite ) Stamler ﻭﺁ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧ 1992 ( . I -2

ﻷﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ

ﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ

ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛ

:

I -2 -1 ﻱﺭﺪﻨﻛﻮﺘﻴﳌﺍ : ﻦﻣ ﻱﺭﺪﻨﻛﻮﺘﻴﳌﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺃ ﻹ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺝﺎﺘﻧ ROS ﺚﻴﺣ ﺃ ﱄﺍﻮﺣ ﻥ 1 -2 % ﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﲔﺠﺴﻛ ﺃ ﻥ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻳ ﺇ ﱃ 2 ° -O ﺞﺘﻨﻳﻭ ﺃ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﺇ ﳝﺰﻧ ﻲ NADH dehydrogenase ) ﺐﻛﺮﳌﺍ I ( ﻭ -one in ubiqu cytochrome bc1 ) ﺐﻛﺮﳌﺍ Chance) (III ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1979 ( . ﻥﻮﻛ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ O-°2 ﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﺑ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ Mn-SOD ،ﻱﺭﺪﻨﻛﻮﺘﻴﳌﺍ ﺓﻮﺸﺣ ﰲ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﻬﻓ ﻮ ﻪﻟﻮﳛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺇ ﱃ 2 O 2 H ﻭ 2 O ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥ ﺇ ﺰﻧ ﱘ oxidase e in monoam ﳌﺍ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘ ﳋﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻐﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺍﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻱﺭﺪﻨﻛﻮﺘﻴﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺟﺭ ﺍ ﻟ ـ 2 O 2 H . ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺎﺑ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻳﻮﻠﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ O-°2 ﰲ ﺞﻣﱪﳌﺍ ﻱﻮﻠﳋﺍ ﺕﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻱﺭﺪﻨﻛﻮﺘﻴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺮﻜﻴﻨﻟﺍ ﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻒﻗﻮﺗﻭ ) Li ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1999 ( .

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I -2 -2 ﱘﺰﻧﺇ NADPH oxidase : ﺩﺆﻳ ﻱ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﲟ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﻂﻴﺸﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺃ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﺓﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺣ ﺃ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻏ ﻡﺎﺴﺟ ﺇ ﱃ ﺇ ﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﺟﺭ ﻲﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﲔﺠﺴﻛ ﺇ ﱃ O°2 ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ oxidase NADPH ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ NADPH ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻛ ﻭ O-°2 ﻪﻨﻜﳝ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻄﻌﻳ ﻥ ﺃ ﳍ ﻯﺮﺧ ﺎ ﺓﻮﻗ ﺃ ﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﱪﻛ ﺴﻛ ﺓﺪ ) Babior ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 2002 ( . ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ fibroblasts ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱘﺰﻧﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻄﺒﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﻠﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﺧﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ NADH ﻭﺃ NADPH ﻲﻄﻌﻤﻛ ﻟ ﻺ ﺕﺎﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇﻭ 2 ° -O ﻵﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﰐ ) g in Griendl ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 2000 ( . I -2 -3 ﱘﺰﻧﺇ Xanthine oxidase : ﻮﺘﻳ ﺪﺟﺍ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ xanthine oxidoreductase ﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺍﺮﺘﺑ ﺒ ﺔﻳﻮﻣﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﻌﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻨﻄ ﻭ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﺍﺬﻫ ﱘﺰﻧﻹﺍ ﲔﻠﻜﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ e dehydrogenase in xanth ﻷﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺮﺜﻛ ﺍﺪﺟﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ e oxidase in xanth ، ﺚﻴﺣ ﺃ ﻪﻧ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺃ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ e in xanth ﺃﻭ e in hypoxanth ﺇ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻚﻳﺭﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺾﲪ ﱃ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻝﻭ ﺑﺈ ﻉﺎﺟﺭ + NAD ﲔﺣ ﰲ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻷﺍ ﺑ ﲑﺧ ﺈ ﺝﺎﺘﻧ H2O2 ﻭ O-°2 ﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻘﺘﺣ ﺇ ﻦﻘﳊﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ) McCord ، 1985 ( . I -2 -4 ﱘﺰﻧﺇ

Nitric Oxide Synthase

: ﺰﻔﳛ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ NOS ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﺖﲢ ﺃ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ e inin arg -L ﺇ ﱃ e in citrull -L ﻭ ° -NO ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ، ﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﱘﺰﻧ tetrahydrobiopterin ﻪﻄﻴﺸﻨﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻛ ﻭ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﻮﻨﺑ ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﳍﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ oxygenase ﻦﻣ ﺃ ﻹﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻞﺟ ﺕﺎﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟ ﺇ ﻻ ﺃ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﰲ ﻪﻧ e inin arg -L ﺃﻭ tetrahydrobiopterin ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟ ﱘﺪ ﺗﺄ ﺙﺪﳛ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﻱﺪﺴﻛ ﺇ ﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﺟﺭ ﻲﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﲔﺠﺴﻛ ﺇ ﱃ O-°2 ﻭ H2O2 ) Vasquez-Vivar ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1998 ( .

(17)

I -2 -5 ﱘﺰﻧﺇ Myeloperoxidase : ﺯﺮﻔﻳ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ Myeloperoxidase ﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻄﻴﺸﻨﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺣ ﺎﻬ ، ﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ H2O2 ﻹ ﺝﺎﺘﻧ ﺾﲪ ﺲﻳﺭﻮﻠﻛﻮﺒﻳﻹﺍ (HOCl) ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﻚﻠﳝ ﺎﻤﻛ ، peroxidase ﻣ ﺓﺪﻋ ﺪﺴﻛﺆﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺍﻮ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺘﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻋ ﺩ ﺃ ﺔﻄﺸﻧ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ ﺃ ﻯﺮﺧ ) Wassmann ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 2004 ( . I -2 -6 ﱘﺰﻧﺇ 5-lipoxigenase : ﺷ ﺨ ﺺ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ 5-lipoxigenase ﻰﻠﻋ ﺃ ﻹ ﺰﻔﳏ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻪﻧ ﺝﺎﺘﻧ ROS ﺔﻳﻭﺎﻔﻤﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﰲ ) Bonizzi ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 2000 ( ﻭ ﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺑ ﱘﺰﻧ ﺄ ﻷﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﺑﺮﻛ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻌﺒﺸﳌﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺪﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﲪ ﻹ ﺀﺎﻄﻋ ﺃ ﲪ ﺽﺎ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﲑﺑﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﰲﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﳝﺰﻧ ﻞﺜﻣ 5-LO ﻭ 12-LO ﻭ 15-LO ﺾﲪ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ arachidonic ﻦﻣ ﺃ ﻞﺟ ﺃ ﺪﺴﻛ ﻮ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ - LO 5 ﻪﺘﻔﻴﻇﻮﺑ ﰲ ﻱﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻠﻟ A4 ﻭ B4 ﻭ C4 ﻭ D4 ﻭ Yamamoto) E4 ، 1992 ( . ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺒﺒﺴﺘﻣ ﻉﺎﺟﺭﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺗ ﰲ ﺍﲑﻐﺗ ﺙﺪﲢ ﱘﺰﻧﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺆﳌﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﲢ ﰲ ﺔ ﱘﺰﻧﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﻭ ، ﺕﺎﺛﺭﻮﳌﺍ ﲑﺒﻌﺗﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻻﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻚﻟﺎﺴﻣ H2O2 ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻳﻭﺎﻔﻤﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﰲ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ CD28 ) Los ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1995 ( ﻹﺎﺑﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳ ﺇ ﱃ ﻷﺍ ﲔﻛﻮﻟﺮﺘﻧ 1 ) Bonizzi ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 2000 ( . I -2 -7 ﱘﺰﻧﺇ Cyclogenase : ﻞﺧﺪﺘﻳ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ 1 -cyclogenase ﰲ ﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﻧ ROS ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺓﺰﻔﶈﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ

(Tissue Necrosis Factor) TNF

ﻭ ﻷﺍ ﲔﻛﻮﻟﺮﺘﻧ 1 ﺔﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍﻭ ) Feng Xia ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1995 ( . I -2 -8 ﺍ ﻌﳌ ـــ ﻥﺩﺎ : ﺔﻳﻮﻗ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﳏ ﺪﻳﺪﳊﺍﻭ ﺱﺎﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺮﺣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﻮﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﻥﺩﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﻟ ﻷﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﰲ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﺪﻴﺴﻛﻭﲑﺑﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ LOOH ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺃ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ LDL ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ LO -5 ) Parthasarathy ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1989 ( ،

(18)

ﻥﺩﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻮﲢ ﺚﻴﺣ LOOH ﺇ ﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﺟ ﱃ ﱃﺍ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻮﻜﻟ ﺃ ﻷﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺗﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﻷﺍ ﻯﺮﺧ ) Rae ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1999 ( . ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻠﻟ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﺷ ﺔﻴﺠﺴﻔﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﺟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺋﺎﺠﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺧﺪﻟ ﻥﺃ ﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻓﺮﺗ ﺝﺎﺘﻧ ROS ) Halliwell ﻭ Gutteridge ، 1999 ( . I -3

ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﻷﺍ

ﻹﺍ

ﺩﺎﻬﺟ

ﺘﻟﺍ

ﺄ

ﻱﺪﺴﻛ

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ﻷﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛ ﺑ ﺔﻔﻴﻌﺿ ﺰﻴﻛﺍﺮﺘﺑ ﺄ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻂﺋﺎﺳﻮﻛ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺭﺍﻭﺩ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻊﺳﻮﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻳﻮﻣﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭ ﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺼﻋ ﻞﻴﺳﺍﺮﻤﻛ ﺎﳍﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺃ ﻦﻋ ﻉﺎﻓﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺟ ﻷﺍ ﺪﺿ ﻢﺴﳉﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﺟ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻐﻟﺍ ، ﺇ ﻻ ﺃ ﻥ ﺍ ﻹ ﺝﺎﺘﻧ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﳍ ﻁﺮﻔﳌﺍ ﺇ ﱃ ﺃ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻳﻮﻠﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺮﺿ ﺃ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﻥﻮﻫﺪﻟﺍ Flavier) ، 2003 ( ﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺪﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﲪ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻱﻮﻠﺧ ﻮﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺟﻻ Lehucher-Michel) ﻭﺁ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧ 2001 ( . ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺽﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺐﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﺃ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻼﳓﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻭ ﻡﺰﻴﺗﺎﻣﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺃ ﺽﺍﺮﻣ ﺃ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﻯﺮﺧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﺃ ) Dröge ، 2002 ( . I -3 -1 ﻕﻮﻓ ﺃ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ : ﻭ ﻥﻮﻫﺪﻟﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺃ ﻷﺍ ﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺪﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﲪ ﲑﻏ ﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﺒﺸﳌﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﺭﺬﺟ ﻡﻮﺠﳍ ﺔﻤﻬﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫ ﺓﺭﺫ ﻉﱰﻳ ﺭﺬﺟ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺘﻟ ﺔﺟﻭﺩﺰﳌﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻌﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﺑﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺫ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺟﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ conjuguted diene ﺪﺴﻛﺆﳌﺍ ﳉ ﺭﺬ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﲑﺒﻟﺍ ، ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻷﺍ ﺔﲨﺎﻬﲟ ﲑﺧ ﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺩ ﺽﺎﲪ ﺃ ﺴﻠﺳ ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﺍﺬﻭ ﻯﺮﺧ ﻷ ﺔﻠ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ) Estebauer ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1992 ( . ﻦﻜﳝ ﻟ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﲑﺑﻭﺭﺪﻴﻬﻠ ﺃ ﻊﻀﲣ ﻥ ﺇ ﻓ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺗ ﺓﺪﻋ ﱃ ﺈ ﺎﻣ ﺃ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻊﺟﺮﺗ ﻥ Glutathion peroxidases ﻭﺇ ﺎﻣ ﺃ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺗ ﻥ ﺃ ﺃﺰﲡ ﺎﳍ ﺙﺪﳛ ﻭ ﺎﺪﺴﻛ ﺇ ﱃ ﺃ ﺽﺎﲪ ﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻫﺪﻟ ﺃ ﻥﺎﻜﻟ ) ﺇ ،ﻥﺎﺜﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﻨﺑ ( ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﻴﻓ ﻦﻋ

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ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻚﻟﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﺋﺮﻟﺍ ، ﺎﻣﺃ ﻪﻟﻮﲢ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﲑﺒﻟﺍ ﺭﺬﺟ ﺇ ﺭﺮﳛ ﺔﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﻊﻄﻗﻭ ﻲﻘﻠﺣ ﺪﻴﺴﻛﻭﲑﺑ ﱃ ﺃ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﻫﺪﻟ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﺳ hydroxynonenal ﻭ malonaldialdehide Flavier) ، 2003 ( . ﻡﻮﺠﳍﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﻦﻜﳝﻭ ﺃ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﱪﻟﺍ ﺲﳝ ﻥ ﺃ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺸﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻟﻮﻔﺳﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻭ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﺃ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻠﻟ LDL ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﻠﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﺴﻛﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﺒﻴﻟ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺮﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺎﻣ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﺃ ﺎﻣ ﺃ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺸﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﻓ ﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﺀﺎﺸﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﲑﻐﻴ ﺎ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻭ ﲑﻴﻐﺗ ﱄ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻗﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻼﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻧﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ Carpenter) ﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ ﻥ ، 1993 ( . I -3 -2 ﺃ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ADN : ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻱﻭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻤﳊﺍ ADN ﺰﺟ ﺎﺌﻳ ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺎ ﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﻡﻮﺠﳍ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛ ﺇ ﺫ ﺎﻴﻣﻮﻳ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻳ ﺇ ﱃ ﱄﺍﻮﺣ 10000 ﻡﻮﺠﻫ ﻭ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﺲﲬ ﺃ ﻡﺎﺴﻗ ﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﻡﻮﺠﻫ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿ OH-° ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺆﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺪﻋﺎﻗﻼﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﱪﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺭﻮﺴﳉﺍﻭ ﻉﺭﺫﻷﺍ ADN ) Cadet ﻭ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ 2002 ( . ﻟ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﺗ ـ ADN ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ﻧﺍﻮﻐﻟﺍ ﲔ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺎﻳﺩﺆﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻣ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺘ ﺓﲑﻐ ﻬﻨﻣ ﺎ : oxoguanine 8-، Formamido uracile ، formamido pyimidine ، 8- oxo adenine ، 8-nitro guanine ﻹﺍ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺩﺎﻬﺟ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺄ ﻱﺪﺴﻛ ﺇ ﺮﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻊﻄﻗ ﱃ ﺒﻳ ﻌﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﱯ ﺎ ﺔﻳﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻻ ﻦﻜﳝﻭ ﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﻳ ﻥ ﺃ ﻷﺍ ﻥ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﻫﺪﻟ MDA ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺃ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺿ ﻷﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺗﻭﺯ Guanine ﻡﻮﺠﳍﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﺎﳍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﱪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﺬﳉﺍ ﺑ ـ ADN ﻞﺜﻣ ﻹﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﺘﺴﻴﳍﺍ ﻹﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﳝﺰﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺥﺎﺴﻨﺘﺳ ﺟ ﺭﻮﺴ ﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﱪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺃﻭ ﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺿ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ Lysinoguanine ) Rehman ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ ، 1999 ( .

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I -3 -3 ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺃ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﱪﻟﺍ : ﻥﺇ ﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﱪﻟﺍ ﻸﻟ ﺔﺿﺮﻋ ﺮﺜﻛ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﳊﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ SH ﻣ ﻞﺜ ﺕﺎﳝﺰﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻠﳋﺍ ﻭ ،ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺗ ﻱﺩﺆ ﺇ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﱃ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﺔﻴﻜﺒﺷ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﺘﻟ ﻊﻀﲣ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺭ ﲑﻏ ﺃ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻊﻄﻘﻟ ﻊﻀﲣ ﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﺃ ﻭ ﺇ ﻷﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺗ ﱃ ﻷﺍ ﺽﺎﲪ ﺔﻟﺪﺘﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺼﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﻣ ) Fu ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1998 ( ، ﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺼﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﱪﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻔﺗ ﺔﻴﺟ ﺢﺒﺼﺗﻭ ﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺆﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﱪﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻠﺤﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺿﺮﻋ ﺮﺜﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻨﻳﺆﳌﺍ ﲔﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻂﻴﺒﺜﺘﺑ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻫﺭﺎﻛ ﺇ ﻼﺘﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻫﺭﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﺿ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻑﺮﻌﻳﺎﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﻟ ـﺑ lipofuschins ﺔﻨﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻸﻟ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﳌﺍ ) Favier ، 2003 ( . I -4

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ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﰲ ﻱﺪﺴ

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ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ renin-angiotensin ﺃ ﻷﺍ ﺪﺣ ﺔﻤﻈﻧ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺧﺪﺘﳌﺍ ،ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﰲ ﻭ ﰲ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﻳ ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻷﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﳊ ﻲﺿﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺋﺎﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻠﻟ ﻲﺠﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﻭ ﻲ ﺕﺍﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲﻭ ﱯﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﻓﺈ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻥ renin-angiotensin ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﻭ ﺀﺎﺴﻠﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﺧ fibroblasts ) Michel ، 2004 ( . ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺃ ﺰﻔﶈﺍ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺗ ﻝﺎﻌﻔﻧﺇ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﺰﻔﳛ ﻻ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻥ ـﺑ in ephr in norep ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳﻻ ﻥﻮﻳﺃ 2 ° -O ) Laursen ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1997 ( ، ﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺕﲑﻐﺗ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻻ ﻑﺮﻃ Barton ﻭ ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ ) 2001 ( ، ﻆﺣﻻ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺎﳕ ﰲ ﺫ ﺔﺑﺎﺼﻣ ﺝ ﺽﺮﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﺃ ،ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺗ ﻝﺎﻌﻔﻧﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﺽﺮﳌﺍ ﺙﻭﺪﺣ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺪﻛﺃ ﻭ . ﺎﻤﻛ ﲔﺒﺗ ﺽﺮﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺙﺪﳛ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻻ ROS ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﻋﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﻬ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻻ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﰲ ﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﳌﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺰﻔﳛ ﻥﺃ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﺽﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ Wilcox) ﻭ Welch ، 2001 ( . ﻹﺍ ﺐﻌﻠﻳ ﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻔﻧ ﺄ ﻱﺪﺴﻛ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﻂﻴﺒﺜﺗﻭ NO ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﰲ ﺽﺮﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺇ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭ ) Landmesser ﻭ Harrison ، 2001 ( ﻭ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻳ ﺃ ﻥﻮﻳ O-°2 ﺃ ﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﰲ ﺰﻔﶈﺍ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻥﻮﻣﺮﻫ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ angiotensin II ﻭ ﻚﻟﺫ ﱘﺰﻧﻻ ﻥﻮﻣﺮﳍﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺰﻴﻔﲢ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ NADPH

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oxidase Rajagopalan) ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ ، 1997 ( ، ﺍﺮﻓﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻁ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﰲ O2-° ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﰲ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺰﻔﶈﺍ ﻣ ﺢﻠ acetate deoxycorticostero Salt-acetate deoxycorticosterone hypertension)

( Somers) ﻭ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ 2000 ( . ﻭ ﻞﺜﳝ ﺰﻴﻔﲢ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ NADPH oxidase ﰲ ﺕﺍﺪﺴﻛﺆﳌﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ ﺽﺮﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻳﻮﻣﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺇ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺰﻔﶈﺍ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺢﻠﳌﺍ DOCA ﻭ ANGII ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺇﻭ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺫﺮﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﻟﺮﺟﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ Ragopalan) ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 1996 ؛ Zalba ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2000 ؛ Somers ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2000 ( ، ﺎﻤﻛ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ NADPH oxidase ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻥﻮﻳﺃ O-°2 ﺘﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺍﺮ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﻠﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﺑﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﻰﺿﺮﳌﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻳﻭ ﲔ ﺽﺮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬ ) Touyz ﻭ in Schiffr ، 2000 ( . I -5

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ﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻔﻧﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟ

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ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﻻ ﺓﺰﻔﶈﺍ ﻱﺪﺴﻛ

ﻡﺪﻟﺍ

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ﻹﺍ ﺐﻌﻠﻳ ﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻔﻧ ﺄ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺪﺴﻛ ﺎﻤﻬﻣ ﺍ ﰲ ﺀﻮﺸﻧ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺽﺮﻣ ﺁ ﺺﻠﻘﺘﻟ ﻪﻀﻳﺮﲢ ﺕﺎﻴﻟ ﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻣﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻨﺑ ﲑﻴﻐﺗ ROS ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﻠﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﰲ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ ﻚﻠﺴﻣ ﻂﺸﻨﺗ ﻥﺃ ﰲ ﲑﻴﻐﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﺔﻌﻤﻠﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺿﻭ ﺐﻠﺼﺗ ﰲ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺔﺒﺒﺴﺘﻣ ﲔﻳﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ) Baas ﻭ Berk ، 1995 ( ﻭ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ 1 ﻓ ﺈ ﻷﺍ ﺽﺎﺒﻘﻧﺍ ﻥ ﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭ ﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺙﺪﳛ ﺪﻗ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳ ﺄ ﻷﺍ ﲑﺛ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ ﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺃ ﲑﻏ ﻭ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻂﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ NO ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ ﻊﺳﻮﺗ ﻞﻴﻄﻌﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻳﺩﺆﻣ Cai) ﻭ Harrison ، 2000 ( ـﻟ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ، ROS ﻦﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻓ ﺺﻠﻘﺘﻟ ﺎﻬﺛﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ ﻊﺳﻮﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﺺﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﻮﻫ ﺎﳍ ﺐﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺍ ) Dröge ، 2002 ( ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻵﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ ، ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ ﺺﻠﻘﺘﻟ ROS ﺾﲪ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺃ ﺾﻳﺮﲢ arachidonic ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺘﻟ eicosanoides ﻞﺜﻣ α 2 F in prostagland ﻦﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌ ﻟ ﺓﺰﻔﶈﺍ ﺺﻠﻘﺘﻠ ﻣﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﻂﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦ ﻊﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻸﻟ Prostacyclin2 ) PGI2 ( Takahashi) ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ ، 1992 ( .

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ﻞﻜﺷ 1 : ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺽﺮﻣ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﰲ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ Rodrıguez-Iturbe) ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ ﻭ 2004 ( ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻳ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ ﺀﻮﺸﻧ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺄ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﲟ ﻱﺪﺴﻛ NO ، ﺚﻴﺣ ﺃ ﺴﳌﺍ ﻥ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘ ﻪﻟ 2–1) ﺮﻟﻮﻣﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ ( ﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺾﻔﲣ ﺔﻳﻮﻠﳋﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿ ﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦ O-°2 ﻭ H2O2 ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻭ ﺇ ، ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺃ ﺀﺎ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ROS ﺎﻣﺇ ﺑ ﻂﻴﺒﺜﺘ NO ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺔﻳﺩﺆﻣ ﺇ ﱃﺍ ﺓﺍﻮﻨﺑ ﻪﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺾﻔﺧ ﱘﺰﻧﻻ ﻢﻴﳍﺍ Guanyl cyclase ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﺳﻮﺗ ﻞﻴﻄﻌﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻭ ﺃ ﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻣ ﺒﻣ ﺽﺮﺤﻴﻓ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ ﺺﻠﻘﺗ ﺓﺮﺷﺎ ﺭﺬﺟ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ONOO ﺾﲪ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺃ ﺽﺮﳛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ arachidonic ) (AA ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻴﻟ F2- isoprostane ﻭ (TxA2)ThromxaneA2 ،ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ ﺺﻠﻘﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺎﻳﺩﺆﻳ ﻥﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻳﺃ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ONOO ﱘﺰﻧﺇ ﻂﻴﺒﺜﺘﺑ prostacyclin synthase (PGI) ﺍ ﺾﻔﺧ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻸﻟ ﻊﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟ Prostacyclin 2 (PGI2) .

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ﻡﻮﻘﻳ O-°2 ﻱﻮﻠﺧ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻴﺴﻟﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﺤﺘﺑ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻭ ﺀﺎﺴﻠﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﳋﺍ ﻸﻟ ﺔﻨﻄﺒﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﻼ ﺔﻴﻋﻭ ) Lounsbury ﻭ ﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 2000 ( ﺎﻳﺩﺆﻣ ﺇ ﱃ ﺰﻴﻔﲣ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﻘﺗ ﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻧ ﻯﺮﺧ II ANG ﻭ ﲔﻟﺎﻨﻳﺭﺩﺃﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ 1 -in endothel ) 1 -ET ( ﻭ thromboxane ) 2 TXA ( ) Schnackenberg ، 2002 ( . ﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺿ ﺇ ﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻛ ﱃ ﺕﺍﲑﺛﺄ ﻓ ، ﺈ ﻹﺍ ﻥ ﺩﺎﻬﺟ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺄ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺐﻌﻠﻳ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻱﺪﺴﻛ ﺍ ﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺎ ﻦﻳﺰﲣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﻡﻮﻳﺩﻮﺼﻟﺍ ، ﻂﻴﺸﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻥﻮﻣﺮﻫ ANG II ﻱﻮﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺯﺮﻔﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ T ﻣﺇ ﻊﻓﺭ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺾﻔﺧﻭ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻡﻮﻳﺩﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺻﺎﺼﺘ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ANG II ﱘﺰﻧﺇ ﻂﻴﺸﻨﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ NADPH oxidase ﻞﻜﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ،ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺜﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ NO ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺽﺮﳌﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ ﺺﻠﻘﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻳﺩﺆﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ ﻢﻗﺭ 2 ) Rodriguez -Iturbe ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2004 ( .

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ﻞﻜﺷ 2 : ﻭ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ angiotensin II ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﰲ Rodrıguez-) Iturbe ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ ﻭ 2004 ( . ﻂﻴﺸﻨﺗ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ANG II ﺄﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﻮﻳﺩﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺰﺠﺣ ﺰﻴﻔﲢ ﱃﺇ ﲞ ﺝﻭﺩﺰﳌﺍ ﲑﺛ ﻭ ﺢﺷﺮﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻳﺩﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺾﻔ ﺭ ﻊﻓ ﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺇ ﻡﻮﻳﺩﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﻣ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺮﻔ ﱃﺍ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﳑ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﻳﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ . ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻓ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺈ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻥ ANG II ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﻴﻔﲢ ﺐﺒﺴﻳ NADPH oxidase ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ROS ﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﻂﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻮﻳﺩﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺽﺮﳌﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺪﺑ NO ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ ﺔﻘﻠﺣ . ﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺄ ﻷﺍ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺛ ﺔﻴﻋﻭ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺙﺪﳛ ﺍﺬ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻴﻀﺘﺑ .

(25)

I -6

ﺭﻭﺩ

ﻹﺍ

ﺩﺎﻬﺟ

ﺘﻟﺍ

ﺄ

ﰲ ﻱﺪﺴﻛ

ﺀﻮﺸﻧ

ﺃ

ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣ

:

ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣ ﺃ ﻷﺍ ﺮﺜﻛ ﺔﻳﺩﺆﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳ ﺇ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﻮﳌﺍ ﱃ ، ﻣﻭ ﻦ ﺃ ﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻢﻫ ﺽﺍﺮﻣ ﻹﺍ ﻝﺎﻬﺳ ﻭ ﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻬﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﺣﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻌﻣ ﺃ ﻹﺍ ﺐﻠﻏ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺻ ) Caseras ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1990 ( ، ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻵﺍ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻛﺆﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷﺍ ﺭﺮﻀﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻠﺧﺪﺘﳌﺍ ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺐﻴﺼﺗ ، ﺫﺇ ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻸﻟ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﳊ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺮﺤﺘﻳ ) Parks ﻭﺁ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧ 1983 ( . I -6 -1 ﰲ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺓﺪﻌﳌﺍ : ﺞﺘﻨﻳ O-°2 ﻭ H2O2 ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺇ ﱘﺰﻧ NADPH oxidase ﰲ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﳋﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻬﻀﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼ Kuwano) ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 2006 ( ﻸﻟ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺑﺮﺷﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺬﻏ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺓﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺛﺩﺎﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ Halliwell) ﻭ ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ ، 2000 ( ، ﻭ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ H2O2 ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻳﺃ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﳊﺍ Fe2+ ﻊﻣ ascorbate ﻭﺫ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺋﺍﺬﻐﻟﺍ ﻞﺻﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﻥﺃ ﻳﻮﺘﶈﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺗﻭﱪﻟﺍ ﻢﻀﻫ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺃ ﻊﺠﺸﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻢﻴﳍﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔ ) Kanner ﻭ Lapidot ، 2001 ( . ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﺔﻳﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺴﻛﻭﲑﺒﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﺟ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﻫﺪﻟﻷﺍ ﻭ isoprostane ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﳍ ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷﺍ ﺭﺮﻀﺗ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺓﺪﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ Aw) ، 2005 ( . ﻛﺍﺮﺘﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﻳ ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻷﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻌﻠﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻌﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﺰﻴ ﻭ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﳊﺍ ﺾﻤ ﻱﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻳ HNO2 ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﱃﺇ ﺙﻭﺪﺣ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ DNA ) Pannala ﻭ ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ ، 2003 ( . ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﺰﻴﻔﲢ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻡﻮﻤﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﺿ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺃ ﻹﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻥ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﰲ ﻁﺍﺮﻓ ROS ) Chamulitrat ، 1999 ( . ﻭ ﻳ ﱪﺘﻌ ﺓﺪﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻄﺒﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﳉﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﺠﻠﻟ ﺍﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻲﳝﺰﻧﺇ xanthine

(26)

oxidase ﻲﻃﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﱘﺰﻧﺇ ﻭ oxidase NADPH ﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﰲ ﻦﻳﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻸﻟ ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻜﻟﺍ ) Otamiri ﻭ Sjodahl ، 1991 ( ﺕﺎﳝﺰﻧﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺡﺮﺘﻘﺗ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺎﺛﺎﲝﺃ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣﻭ NOX ) NADPH oxidases ( ﰲ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺓﺪﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻨﻄﺒﳌﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ، ﻱﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺡﺮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺙﻭﺪﺣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻳﺩﺆﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻜﺘ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺓﺪﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ) ﻞﻜﺷ 3 ( ) Czesnikiewicz-Guzik ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ 7 200 ( . I -6 -2 ﻥﻮﻟﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ : ﻩﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻥﻮﻟﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺻﺎﳊﺍ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻔﻧﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳ ﻥﺎﻛ ﱘﺰﻧﺇ 2

nitric oxide synthase

2 ) NOS ( ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺮﺟﺎﻬ ﲔﺒﺗ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﺃ ﻥﻮﻳﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻟﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻄﺑ ﻥ 2 ° O ) Kawahara ﻭﺁ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧ 2004 ( ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻓ ﺮﺋﺎﻈﻧ NOS ﺽﺎﻔﳔﺇ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺎﻓﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ 2 NOS ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﲑﺒﻌﺗ 1 NOS ﻭ ﻪﺘﻳﺎﻭ ﻥﻮﻟﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﲔﺑﻭ ،ﻒﻳﻮﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺢﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﲔﺑﺎﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﺰﻴﻛﺍﺮﺘﺑ ﻦﻜﻟ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺼﺘﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﻬﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻥﻮﻟﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺩﺆﻳﻭ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺍﺪﺣﺎﺑ ﺙ ﻱﻭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻤﳊﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ADN ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺔﻌﻓﺍﺭ ) Szanto ﻭﺁ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧ 2005 ( . I -6 -3 ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻝﺎﻬﺳﻹﺍ : ﺗ ﺐﺒﺴ ﺃ ﻹﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣ ﻻﺎﻬﺳ ﺕ ﺇ ﻋﺎﻔﺗﺭ ﺎ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏﻭ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ ﰲ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﻢﻴﺛﺍﺮﳉﺎﺑ ) ،ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺑ ،ﺕﺎﺳﻭﲑﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻴﻔﻃ ( ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﻬﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﲨ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺔﺿﺮﳏ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻭ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻹﺍ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻻ ﺔﻳﻮﻗ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﳏ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻥﺎﻛﻮﻠﻏﺪﻴﺘﺒﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﺒﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻹﺍ ﻂﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﻴﺑﺎﻬﺘﻟ ﺔ cytokines ﻌﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺯﺮﻔﳌﺍ ﺔ ) MacDonald ﻭﺁ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧ 1993 ( ، ﺕﺎﺳﻭﲑﻔﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ retrovirus ﺙﻼﺛ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺃ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻡﺎﻳ ﺇ ﱃ ﰲ ﻅﻮﺤﻠﻣ ﺽﺎﻔﳔﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺘﻳﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﳌﺍ ﻭ glutathion ﻹﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﻸﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﳌﺍ ﻲﳝﺰﻧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ GPx ﻭ GR ﻭ SOD

(27)

ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺃ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺙﻭﺪﺣ ﺓﺮﳊ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﺰﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﻑﻼﺗﺇ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻌﳌﺍ ) Chiua ﻭﺁ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧ 2003 ( . ﻱﺩﺎﺣﻷﺍ ﺕﻭﺯﻷﺍ ﺪﻴﺴﻛﺃ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﺎﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺔﻳﻮﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﻝﻼﺧﻭ NO° ﺭﺬﺟ ﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻗ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﻳ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺀﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﲏﻴﻣﻷﺍ ﺾﻤﳊﺍ L- arginine ﱘﺰﻧﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ NOSi ) Induced

Nitric Oxyde Synthase

( ﺰﻔﶈﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺨﳌﺍ ) Izzo ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1998 ( . ﻭ ﺰﻔﳛ NOSi ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﻬﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻂﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ TNF -α ﻭ interferon γ ﻭ interleukine-1 ﻭ ﺔﻳﲑﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﺒﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻜﺴﻟﺍ ) LPS ( Nathan) ، 1997 ( ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﰲ ﺎﻃﺍﺮﻓﺇ ﺙﺪﺤﻴﻓ NO ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻌﳌﺍ ﺘﺑ ﺄﺛ ﲑ ﻩ ﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺷﺎﺒ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺕﻼﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺃ ﻥﻮﻳﺃ ﻊﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻳ ﻥ O-°2 ﻝﻼﺧ ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﻬﺘﻟﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ – ONOO ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺪﺿ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻠﳋﺍ Salzman) ﻭﺁ ﻥﻭﺮﺧ ، 1995 ( .

(28)

ﻞﻜﺷ 3 : ﺔﺣﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﰲ ﻱﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺔﻳﺪﻌﳌﺍ ) Czesnikiewicz-Guzik ﻭ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ 7 200 ( . ﺔﻴﻠﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻳﺰﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺗ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺈﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻢﺴﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﳊﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺍﺪﻴﻘﻌﺗ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻕﺮﻄﺑ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﳝ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺭﺇﻼﻟﺍ ﱯﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﻮﻟﺍ ﲑﻈﻧ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻮﻟﺍ ﳌﺍ ﺔﺠﺴﻧﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻖﻓﺪﺗ ﻦﻣ ﲑﻐﺗ ﺍﺬ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻀﳍﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻁﺎﺨ ﺔﺿﻮﲪ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯﻭ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﳐ ﺡﻭﺮﺟ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﳑ ﺔﻳﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺔﻌﻓﺍﺭ ﺔﻳﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻛﺮﳊﺍ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﺗ ﺰﻴﻬﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧﻭ ﻞﻴﺴﻛﻭﺭﺪﻴﳍﺍ ﺭﺬﺟ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﺱﺎﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻳﺃ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻉﺎﺟﺭﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﺚﳛ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ، ﺓﺪﻌﳌﺍ . ﺍﺬﻫ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺭﺬﳉﺍ ﺡﺮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﻭ ﺀﺎﺸﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻴﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴ . ﻥﺈﻓ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ROS ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻳﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ O°₂ ﺮﺛﺂﺘﻳ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺭﺬﺟ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻳﺩﺆﻣ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺴﻛﺃ ﻊﻣ ONOO ﰲ ﺎﺿﺎﺒﻘﻧﺍ ﺙﺪﳛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﺿﻮﲪ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻓﺮﻳﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍ .

(29)

І I

ﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣ

ﺓﺪﺴﻛ

:

ﻥﺇ ﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺛﺪﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﻠﳋﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺪﺴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻌﻔﻧ ﺗ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗ ﺃ ﻲﻤﲢ ﻥ ﺃ ﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﲟ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺃ ﺮﺧﺆﺗ ﻭ ﻸ ﺓﺪﺴﻛ ﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺮ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑ ﺃ ﺎ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﻷﺍ ﺪﺿ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﳍ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺄ ﺔﻳﺪﺴﻛ ) Halliwell ﻭ Gutteridge ، 1999 ( ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﳝﺰﻧﺇ ﲑﻏ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻴﳝﺰﻧﺇ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﺃ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣ . І I -1

ﺔﻴﳝﺰﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺪﺴﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣ

:

І I -1 -1 ﱘﺰﻧﺇ Superoxide dismutase : ﺰﻔﳛ ﱘﺰﻧﺇ Superoxide dismutase ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﺇ ﻉﺎﺟﺭ O-°2 ﺇ ﱃ H2O2 ﻭ ﻷﺍ ﲔﺠﺴﻛ ﳉﺍ ﻲﺌﻳﺰ ﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻳ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻖ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ

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O-°2+O-°2+2H+ H2O2+O2 ﱘﺰﻧﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ SOD ﻲﻫﻭ ﻪﻳﻮﺘﳛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻰﻤﺴﺗ ﺔﻳﻮﻠﳋﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﰲ : Cu ﻭ Zn-SOD ﻝﻭﺯﻮﺘﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﻳ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺯﻭﺰﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻭ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﻳ Mn-SOD ﺃ ﻱﺭﺪﻨﻛﻮﺘﻴﻣ ﰲ ﺮﺜﻛ ﳊﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺋﺎﻤﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮﻴ ، ﺎﻣﺃ Fe-SOD ﻮﻬﻓ ﻳ ﻻ ﺘﻮ ﺍ ﰲ ﺪﺟ ﺃ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺔﺠﺴﻧ ) Gregory ﻭ Fridovich ، 1973 ( . І I -1 -2 ﱘﺰﻧﺇ Catalase : ﱘﺰﻧﺍ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﻳ Catalase ﰲ ﺃ ﺐﻠﻏ ﺃ ﻻﺍ ﻢﺴﳉﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋ ﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﻪﺘﻴﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﻮﻜﺗﻭ ﺪﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺍﺮﺘﺑ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﻳ ﻪﻧ ﻡﻭﺰﻴﺴﻛﻭﲑﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻔ H2O2 ﻘﻳ ﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﻮ ﻪﻠﻳﻮﺤﺘﺑ ﱘﺰﻧ ﺇ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻣ ﱃ ﺃ ﺐﺴﺣ ﲔﺠﺴﻛ ﻵﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﰐ ) Catapano ، 1997 ( . Catalase H2O2 2H2O+O2