• Aucun résultat trouvé

Female leadership in French voluntary associations

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Female leadership in French voluntary associations"

Copied!
33
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Female leadership in French voluntary associations Lionel Prouteau, Muriel Tabariés. To cite this version: Lionel Prouteau, Muriel Tabariés. Female leadership in French voluntary associations. 2009. �hal00441913�. HAL Id: hal-00441913 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00441913 Preprint submitted on 17 Dec 2009. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) Working Paper. Document de Travail. EA 4272. Female leadership in French voluntary associations. Lionel Prouteau (*) Muriel Tabariés (**) 2009/41. (*) Université de Nantes, LEMNA (**) Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne, MATISSE. Laboratoire d’Economie et de Management Nantes-Atlantique Université de Nantes Chemin de la Censive du Tertre – BP 52231 44322 Nantes cedex 3 – France www.univ-nantes.fr/iemn-iae/recherche Tél. +33 (0)2 40 14 17 17 – Fax +33 (0)2 40 14 17 49.

(3) 

(4)          .           . 

(5)   

(6)         

(7)  !" # $ %# $ &!"'( )*'

(8) %+ ",- 

(9)  , $."/ 0123"44212,52"' - 22!4141611 '522!4224237

(10) 

(11) 

(12) 8 9 $7-8::;;; $7 :8 7

(13) +  8

(14)  8 

(15) &   . 

(16)         -# $ &--    %   

(17)   !< - -    8    = -

(18)  &7  &" $

(19)     

(20) . %,>   

(21) ?  *.(??"# $ %  1"16711

(22) ><@8 

(23) "3A643  512"' - 22!1443014*'522!144302 2677

(24)  

(25)  9 $78 1"-8::  $78 1: :+  8

(26)   8 

(27) &? 

(28) &  

(29) . % --,   

(30) ?  7.(??"connected with the C.N.R.S. and the Paris I-Panthéon-Sorbonne University. She works mainly on the profiles and the “careers” of association leaders, and secondly on socio-economic territorial dynamics..     .-- ; - -BC $ .-   - $

(31) 

(32)      - $&--  A--?     ,, 8 ; -  -  

(33) - 

(34)   

(35)   "( )"'

(36) %+ ",-  

(37) , $."/ 0123"44212,52"'D7

(38) 

(39) 

(40) 8 9 $7.

(41) 1     +;   

(42) $&"- 88  -

(43) 8  5 $   '-$

(44) &   .  ; -"; $--  8  $& 

(45)    -   8   ( 8 

(46)

(47) &

(48) ;  8 .-;&-

(49)  - 8;-    -

(50) B

(51) -  ;  88 5 $  E  -- 8 

(52)  -; -

(53) 8 "&8   - -

(54) & 

(55)   - -E --8 8   

(56)    - -   = ;-   $  8    

(57) $ "-

(58) --   ( 

(59) ; -

(60)      -  8- 

(61)   $ & -   

(62) .-8 

(63) &-   -$

(64) 8  - -     ; -;$

(65)  .

(66) 2 !". #$    .-$

(67) &

(68)   8    = $; - 8   .-&-$  B--   =  8

(69) ; - 8 & 

(70) .-&

(71)  8  

(72)  . 

(73) 7   $ 

(74) &.- "-&-$   88$ -8    & - $  .-&8

(75) & 8 

(76) &      

(77)    -  = "8 

(78) 

(79) &; -   

(80) 88

(81) -    , 8 

(82)   

(83)  - &

(84)   &  8    =  ,  

(85) &"   8  -- - 8   - ;  .    $-

(86)  ;-    -  = 

(87) 8   /-;"&FE

(88) 8 "1D<F G="D( $ -"4D  F/ ;"4D,- "G&F.&

(89) "AD/ ;"A" 3DH F?$"0! G--

(90)  

(91) ; -- 8     (-

(92)

(93) &- ;--; 

(94)  $

(95) &

(96)   -8 $   &

(97) "  - 8    = - 8 - 

(98) &8  -

(99) ;8  ;   

(100)   ,-

(101)  "100DI-

(102) FJ "14D?- B "16" 13D &"!8 - -; B"

(103)  ;

(104) 

(105) - 8-     = -$ $ '  " -8- =- ;  

(106) B

(107) &      8    = ;- - $& 8  ;- --$

(108)

(109) /-B"&F)  "16DI-

(110) F J "14D/-;"&FE

(111) 8 "16D( $ -"A!< ;$"?- B 13!    $ $ 

(112)  -    = 

(113)  = 

(114)   8  

(115) - 8I- --"- -  --

(116) -&"-

(117)  .

(118) 3  8    = -$;  -  " 

(119)  ;- -     & /-;"&E

(120) 8 16! ' (

(121) "( $ -A!--   =  &  $"- 

(122) B

(123) &-& -$

(124)

(125) 8 8   

(126)    I- &" , "/-;"&E

(127) 8 16"8A! --  8 8   K8   $

(128) &

(129)  -   

(130) & $L.-&

(131)     --8  ;  $

(132) &

(133) ;-.   = 

(134) 

(135) B5"8-8-

(136) B58  8     $ $5  

(137)   -  = .-  "1A!$-

(138) " --   

(139)   -   

(140) & 58

(141)  -  $ G   H

(142) 16!"-&$ B-8  

(143) &-; 

(144)     

(145)      = -&-$

(146)    .-8  ;  

(147)  

(148)     &8   =    -(8 

(149) "    8  -

(150) --$   = I-

(151)  FJ "14! -8

(152)    = "  

(153) ;  :    8

(154)  

(155) ;  = - -   &:   $

(156) :   

(157)  - ?- B "16!< ;$"( $ -A!   &  ; - -8 8   ;      -  $ &  --- $ .-5

(158)  $   B 

(159) -

(160)   ,-

(161)  100! 

(162) -; $

(163)  

(164) &-  -  8      (-$ "I-

(165) FJ 14"83!; -" 8   " K; 8

(166) -8 ";-

(167) B-8

(168)  L.-  1A! $5    

(169)     8;J B$

(170) && 

(171) $   .- -- 

(172) - 88   B;-

(173)   5   "-

(174) .

(175) 4   

(176) &-

(177)   8   ";- - $; --  7B 8 ;" ;-

(178) ; -$- -8 

(179) &    $!      & !"  $-"   "

(180) 

(181) $& 

(182)

(183) &      8   

(184) 8   $

(185) 8 ;-

(186) - 88   ; -8 &8    .-  $

(187) 8     $

(188) 

(189) 88     $&

(190)

(191)  - $  (  "- -      8    =   

(192) & 8 

(193) &8 -'  " ,-

(194)  100!5  ,

(195)

(196) # $   &"846!

(197) & 8

(198)  ;- -

(199)

(200)  8    = K

(201) 

(202) &5

(203) L.-8   &  8

(204) &58

(205)  - 8 & 

(206) ; .-"

(207) &=    32 $   = 

(208)   - & # ?"/-B" &)  16"84! 

(209) -K ;   -   58 $ L"J 13A"83A! $-" /  --  "; . M  &

(210)   

(211)     

(212) &";-$   -$&

(213) 

(214)  -

(215) ; - 8  "8 

(216) & 

(217) B '

(218) -F)

(219) "! ,  '"  E

(220) !  7$&  1& (?";- - -'- 

(221)   

(222)   " $8   ;  $

(223) ;- 8 B; -8  

(224)   -    < ;$ -$&-&  

(225)

(226) ;-  -  -

(227) &  -M+;   - '-". %.-  A! $ 

(228) 

(229) - 8  8    = .-& --5  

(230)

(231) 7

(232) 5 $  B- ;  

(233) - 88    "8 

(234)

(235) &   - 7; B ;  /-8  ;  

(236) - 88     8    =      8  B ;  -  =   $

(237)   & 8  .

(238) 5. G$7/NO"6!" $ .-  - 88  

(239)

(240) &  -'-' - 88 ";;  -

(241)

(242)  A $

(243) &    .-5  -;(

(244)  8 8 $     -   =  

(245) - 8    ( 2";

(246) &-. 

(247)      -   -8 

(248) &-; 88   5 $  ? 4 

(249)  %  

(250)       ('"$

(251) &    $&-11 ;  -M  & -  8   # 

(252) &8  ;"-8

(253)   

(254) $ -$ $&.   8    = .- 

(255)    $& 8

(256) ; - - ;- -  78  8 ,  

(257) &" -88   

(258) & "; ; $& &- -?     ,    . B8 -

(259) B   78    = "- B 8 $    $ 

(260)  -  

(261)     ; - 8 8

(262) &  

(263) & $

(264) 7!;- -

(265) 

(266) B ;8 

(267) & .-; B -   

(268) 7

(269) 8 

(270) $&   1A!P  ;   $

(271) &     ;-

(272)

(273) ;- -8 $ --; --   = 

(274)  88 (

(275) 

(276)  $-   -$   B ;

(277)  - 78    .-&B8- 

(278)    = 8 -

(279)   M 

(280) -  78   ; -;- --&-$  

(281) 

(282) B ;- -8 $  ;-

(283)

(284) ; -$  .-  "3! (- 88";-A$&;- - $"6A  = 8 

(285)

(286) &8   $ &- - - &.-  -   ; 

(287) - - ;    ; -;-;B ;  --; B - M< ;$"- - B

(288) & M  & - 8

(289) "   ; - 8 8

(290) & .

(291) 6 8.- $

(292) &

(293) -$

(294)  

(295)  ;-   " 8 

(296) &-&

(297) B  

(298)  

(299) - B 8

(300) & .- 

(301)  1$ 

(302) ;- -

(303)   8   = -  $ & "-  "- 8 $

(304) &; B""&8    " 8- 

(305)  

(306)   $ &"  

(307)  "? -   -    ;- --$;   8  .

(308) 11 .

(309) 1< -   = "8 "

(310) 

(311)  --8     -&  

(312)   5     5;   =  ;- - -8  "  - "- $  -

(313) -   

(314) $    

(315)

(316) 

(317)    - -- 

(318)    "   

(319) 

(320) $

(321) 8;

(322)

(323) - &-   < ;$" -  & 

(324)   -   ; - -  -    ; 

(325) &8 "

(326)   

(327)  8    = 

(328)

(329)   =;-

(330) -

(331)  $

(332) &       

(333) $ " -- .-    = 

(334)   --

(335) 7  8

(336)  6Q -    ;-

(337) -&   

(338) &130Q - 

(339)       .-  

(340)    - 

(341) ,   -   ";-$    -; ; &8   = ' "-- ;- -

(342)  7

(343) ;- -&   $  - "8 "

(344)    (E'"-   ; 

(345)   - =&

(346) & &8

(347) "-5  - -,-

(348) $

(349) &    

(350) &   $  -8 "

(351)  

(352) ?-  = -$ 

(353)        - &8  $ &";-$- 

(354)   . 

(355)  

(356) 

(357)  ? 

(358) &"-

(359)      -

(360) 

(361) .-& .

(362) 7 - 8 

(363)   -('"- &8        -11 ;(  $&-1A ; -8  ---?   "-   -$ &-$&/  8  

(364) - ; --$  -K -L  -  

(365) 

(366)  46Q  8    = -$5  

(367) -&.-  $     ; --&  -   ; 

(368)  $ ' -

(369)  -(";-

(370)  "$

(371) &   ;8$&& -  

(372)  -$ "- - 56" -   -   ' 

(373) 1;

(374)   $-      ; - 8- 

(375)   $ &

(376)   -  -   ;- -  2I

(377) &    ;&-  

(378) -  = 6Q    -$1- ;-

(379)  

(380) &

(381) -2Q-$ $1<

(382)  

(383)

(384)   = -$

(385)  ;- - 

(386) ;A"   66"

(387)

(388)  &! -; - -$  8 8

(389) &- 

(390)   

(391) &   $4I$

(392)

(393) "

(394)

(395)      M  & - $&8

(396)  C

(397) &   &

(398)    ; B   = '  - 8  &    - - -   8     ;- -

(399) $

(400)

(401) ; &     

(402)  8  ( -"- - 8  

(403) &$

(404) &- ; 

(405) "

(406)   5     

(407)     ; B(;  -

(408)     - $ & ";  --& 8 

(409) 

(410) &  8  $  ;-0Q       ";- -  8  $ ; - $B - &

(411)   ;- -  - &8   = +  - $  "-

(412) -  

(413)  $ 

(414)   ;-     

(415) &

(416) -$I-.

(417) 8  &"-   = 

(418) 

(419) B

(420)   

(421)  

(422) 

(423)  $  ;

(424)

(425) . -   

(426)   .-?     ,$&

(427)   

(428)     8 -!  8 8

(429) &    (8 

(430) "; $-; 8-M  & 8

(431) &603Q!-

(432) 8 8   8 5 $8        

(433) &404Q 

(434)

(435)   (  "-$&8 $ 

(436)  -8 

(437)   $

(438) &

(439) -8 " .-      $-    

(440) - 88   &$&        -.-  3!< ;$- 8  $& 

(441)

(442) ;.-

(443)  

(444) &"   -- -   "

(445) 8 8

(446) ;- B8-  .-" 8-5 $  "- 88 -  -

(447) $8 "&.-5 $  B -

(448) & 8  

(449)  -&  -   7B   -$

(450) &   '  -  8    -5 $  "-5 8 ;-

(451) -   &-&

(452) ; -  = .-8  -

(453) ;-  $; -- - --  &< -!8-    

(454)  ; - -  =   8

(455) -   <--8 ;    ;- -  -    < 

(456) 

(457)

(458) &

(459) 

(460)    $  .- $; -  

(461)  

(462) ;-

(463)  -&  -    $B-8     A .-   

(464)

(465)  - 5 $   -A$&B. 8  

(466)  

(467) &=-8 

(468)  -

(469) ; - - 5 ;- -$

(470) &     8(  ;- 3" 78    "

(471)

(472) ; -       5""  

(473) 8  

(474) 

(475) "- 

(476)  B8  8 " -   & -    ;--  -&; $

(477) $ -   -.

(478) 9  = (-888";  --  .

(479) 8    8 $   -    5 $   .

(480) < I 8   $& 

(481)

(482) &; -8 -   = E 8

(483) - 8   -.-&

(484)

(485)    & "$ - 8 8    - -I- &"-&B

(486) &  - .-

(487)    ; --  $& &!.- "

(488) 8  

(489) - 88   88 $

(490) &

(491)  -5 8 ;

(492)

(493) &  ; - -8   --8 ;"-

(494) -

(495) 8 (; 

(496)       

(497) & 8-8 8   ;  

(498) ; -- 8 8       # 

(499) &"   8  

(500)  -$&  $ 

(501) & 

(502)  - = - 8  --   -.   .    

(503) - 8";-$  -$& -8  8       &(? '$F

(504)

(505) "2!6' -

(506)

(507) & - $&"; 8438 $

(508) &   (; 8-  

(509) ; --

(510) 8 8   - 8    

(511) - 8"; 

(512) - ; 8  8

(513)

(514) &88 " 

(515) 5" I  

(516)

(517) $

(518) &   -$ 

(519)  5 $   ;-1AQ-$  - $   I$

(520)

(521) "-M  & 5 $    

(522) 

(523) 

(524) - 5     .- $   - 5  

(525)     $

(526) &   

(527) - 88   < ;$"-  8      $    -     

(528) 2! E 8

(529) &  8 

(530)       -

(531) -"  

(532) $ - & 8 "-&$

(533)  8 &; - -  

(534) $  (-  " 

(535)

(536) 7

(537) 5 $    -& $      .

(538) 10   E- -

(539) - 88     8 ;    = ;-  $     B--  

(540) 5

(541)  $   

(542)   -  -

(543) 8 8

(544)   "   !E 

(545)    8-$ 5 $   

(546)  

(547) 

(548)    I-  &"-& 

(549) &8    8    = ;- - $  8 "   - 8    "- -

(550) B

(551) &"     

(552) 

(553) $

(554) 8(8    ;

(555)

(556)  -     -8    " - -    = -$

(557)

(558) 75 $   ;-

(559) 

(560)

(561) 7

(562)    -8 - 

(563) (-&8     "-  -; 5 $    ;- --$

(564)  8 ;     &$ -  .

(565) 2< $ &

(566) 2"-5 $   -

(567)    -

(568)    = "; -8 

(569) 

(570) &

(571) ;8 8   

(572) 

(573)    = ;- -   5&&

(574) E 8    ;- -

(575) - & &

(576) " - ;- --$  16A8  8

(577)

(578) & 13A( . 8  B-

(579)  $ &     

(580) &  ' -  ? 5  E -

(581)   

(582) &

(583) - 88       -$  ; 8- 

(584)    $ &       .- 

(585) - - $ ; I-

(586) J 14!   ;- 

(587)    

(588) & 8     &  = < ;$      - ;  

(589)  

(590) &88  5 $      ;- --$.  

(591) -  = --&   = ;-   $ & -8"-   -;-

(592)  &(- "-

(593) 8 8   8  $.

(594) 11 - --   -

(595) .- &8-8

(596)  --  = ; - . 8 

(597) - 8

(598) - 8"-- ;- -   -   " 8 -   -$   

(599)  $   E-$ $ & - 

(600) 8 

(601)  $ 

(602) &  .-  = ; -- 

(603) 8 8   

(604) 

(605) - 8" ;-$-  8   ;  .- 

(606)     ; -    I- -"; --8 8   

(607) -  

(608)

(609) 7

(610) 5 $  B

(611) &

(612) ; -   ; --  " -- 

(613) 8  & -

(614) - 88    $; -- -    

(615) 8  

(616) &I- --"-8 8   

(617) 8     8; --     E

(618)   $--

(619)   ;- 

(620) 8  8 - 8  8

(621) &    - $#78 

(622) .-   ;- - 

(623) &$

(624) 7 -$-

(625) ;8 8 & 88 ; 8 (-  = ; - ; B "- 8 8 & ; -- 8

(626) &8  -  8?- -

(627)    ; -; 

(628)   $  -8     -& ' 

(629)

(630) &"; --58   - &8   "- ;  5 $     

(631)    = ;- -

(632)    ; B?- $ 88 - 8$    /-;"&E

(633) 8 16! .-  

(634) 

(635) " $- --&&"  

(636)

(637) ; ;   

(638)   - 

(639)  -   -   -8 8 & ;   5 $  ;   

(640)   -    ' . "- $7 

(641)  ;-8 8   ;  8  -

(642)     -58   7   = .

(643) 12 ; -

(644) 7  - 8

(645) - 8-8    !

(646)  

(647)    

(648) &-$  (   

(649) - 

(650)

(651) - -   -88  ;  5 $  8   ";  

(652)  $  $   &$ ' '        ' (  '

(653)  ' - 88 ";    

(654)    - -    - 8$ 

(655) "- "- 

(656)  -  8   < ;$"  

(657) &     "- - & " 

(658)  &   88 8  ("--5 $   M 

(659) &

(660) &-

(661) 

(662) & &-     ? "  

(663)     --    - -  

(664)

(665) &8. 

(666)

(667) ; - 8"; 

(668)  $  $ !    

(669) )"2!E-$- -   8 $ 

(670) "  -

(671) - 88   ";- -B-$

(672) 1 -   ;  -; G 

(673)  -  -$ $  

(674)    ; -$ 1  

(675)   ρ12 " ρ13 " ρ 23  

(676) "88 5! 58

(677)  &$ 

(678) ; 

(679)  $ &     "-  8- 

(680)   $ &;

(681)

(682) - 8  

(683) 

(684)     ; BE

(685)  $ 

(686)     - -   ; -8 8

(687) & - ;- - 

(688) &$

(689) 7  - ;- --    ; -$

(690)  - 

(691) 58 G---     ";8  -  $

(692) .- -&     5 $  "   

(693) - 8  -$ - ;- 8 8 &  $

(694) &  -

(695)  -    $ B? "  8

(696)  

(697)  - B-$

(698)  8-8  8

(699)     

(700) (". %.-  A! - ;- 6Q 8 A3Q ;$

(701)    .

(702) 13  ' 

(703)

(704) &";

(705)   

(706)   ;-  = 

(707) -& 5  8- 

(708)   -      ;  =  

(709) - 8 ="+  ")&"#FR"12! E ;  $     

(710) .-   88

(711)     ;-

(712) .-   

(713)   

(714) &   ; -8 ; B       -$ ;

(715)

(716) -   -   '  " -0 -    $- 8    

(717)

(718) 5 $  

(719)    8

(720)  $   8 8$ 

(721) "- A"3$

(722) &       -   ,  

(723) &";-$  8

(724) & $   -5 -  B' 

(725) &;-$  =-B ;   

(726)   =   8-; --  -    .-    88  

(727) & -

(728)  -  $ "    ;- - -8  ;

(729)

(730) - -$ -

(731) ; - ; - 8 8

(732) &

(733) -

(734) & $8;-

(735) - ;- -   8  $   ;-8I$

(736)

(737) " - $8

(738) " -8

(739)  ; -   "-8 8   $&

(740)

(741)      

(742) ;-   

(743) 

(744)  8

(745)  . -     - $8

(746) ";-$

(747)   $     

(748)  

(749) 8

(750) ;- -B8 $ ; -B ;$

(751)  . 8$ 

(752) ' - 88 "; -  $

(753)  -$ 

(754)   88

(755) & & -  E-; 8-

(756)  -  

(757) 8

(758) 8 -!; -- ; -8

(759) ; -   "; $-- -

(760)  ;- 

(761)  "- $    8  8

(762)

(763) &-

(764) $

(765)          ,  

(766) &".

(767) 14 - --5     8

(768) 

(769) &

(770)  "; -

(771)    

(772)  ' ";8     ;-

(773) ";---&-$8

(774) &   ' 

(775) 4"; $-- 

(776)      -  --   8   $- -

(777) &   ";- -  -8   8 ;-88  5 $  ( -; "-

(778)  -- $ ;- - -8 

(779) &-8 

(780)    8    -

(781) &; 8

(782) &-

(783) ; -8 & -  8    .

(784) 4< ,  -    -   -8 

(785) &--5 $   8    

(786)

(787) &; "-

(788)   

(789)  $ 

(790) &   $

(791)  $ ;  8 $  

(792)   $;

(793) 

(794)    ?$

(795)  $ 

(796) -$   

(797)  

(798) 8 -

(799) B

(800) - -; -

(801) 

(802) - 8 8   ";-$-8     '  "-       

(803)  $ "- &7-     

(804) $ 5-  -- -8 

(805)    ; 8 " I- &" -8 "   -78    ;

(806)

(807)    

(808) 

(809) $

(810) 8-  ;- --

(811)  

(812)  

(813) 

(814) - 8.-     - 

(815)   

(816) - 8       -  $ & '$F

(817)

(818) " 2! .- ;    8        = ; -8 ; B -  .    ;- - 

(819) &$

(820) 7< ;$"-  =  

(821) - 8    

(822)

(823) &   

(824) &

(825) ;    ;--

(826) 51"  $"; -8 -  8 "   & A"  8 "-

Figure

Table 2. Women on executive committees in French voluntary associations (%)
Table 3. Feminization of leadership according to some characteristics of associations (%)  Percentage  Characteristics of associations  Female  President  Female  Treasurer  Female  Secretary  Executive  Committees without  women  Executive  Committees wit
Table 4. Trivariate probit estimates of having a woman who holds an officer position – All associations  President position Treasurer position Secretary Position Characteristics of associations  Coef
Table 5. Trivariate probit estimates of having a woman who holds an officer position – Associations with         paid employees

Références

Documents relatifs

[r]

Since its founding in 1948 ,WHO has built up an outstanding record of accomplishment in international public health. WHO staff are immensely proud to serve their Organization and

Based on the challenges discussed, we as WHO staff associations would like to request the Executive Board and the management to:.. • Review the staffing model proposed to ensure

La question fiscale des activités économiques associatives est déterminante dans la prise en compte de la spécificité de l’économie associative au niveau du

Association Culturelle Les 4 Temps Alès Languedoc Cévennes.

Association culturelle Les 4 Temps Alès Languedoc Cévennes.

Association culturelle Les 4 Temps Alès Languedoc Cévennes..

1101, chemin de la forêt - 30100 Alès 06 74 41 65 28.. casas.colette@orange.fr /coletteavouac@gmail.com