- و ا ت او ا ما ! .
"ا#$ا %& ا ت ا ! 'آ ت(ا
& ) (ا ةد,- . ةآ/ % : ﻥر (ا ت3 او ا ت ا . 45ا دا 6إ : فا-إ ذ) :ا : ;ی ا ;یز . د . >? %ﻥیز . :@ (ا $ أ . >ار د ... "ر ... ... . د . >? %ﻥیز ... ار و &@ ... . د . ?ا B6 % ... @ ا6 ... . د . (6 %ﺡ& ... @ ا6 ... ة3 . : $ا ا 2008 -2009 .ﻡﻴﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻡﺴﺒ
"
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻨﺎﻋﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﷲ ﺩﻤﺤﻝﺍ
ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺠﺭﺃﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ
"
ﻥﻴﻤﺁ
ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭ ﺎﻴ
.
ﻥﺎﻓﺭﻋﻭ ﺭﻜﺸ
:
ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻌﺴﻴ ﻻ
ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻱﺭﻜﺸ لﻴﺯﺠﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ
ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻨﺘﻤﺍﻭ
"
ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﻲﻨﺎﻴﺯ
"
لﺎﻤﺘﻜﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﺫﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻭﻬﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺎﻬﺒ ﻲﻨﺩﺎﻓﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
...
ﺍ ﻲﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻨﻤﺘﺃﻭ
ﺭﻴﺨ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻴﺯﺎﺠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﻝ
ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﻭﺩ ﻪﺒﻬﻴ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ
.
ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭ ﺎﻴ ﻥﻴﻤﺁ
.
ﺀﺍﺩﻫﻹﺍ
:
ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﻀﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻱﺩﻫﺃ
ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺨﺇ
.
ﻮﻗ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺪﻏ ﺪﻘﻟ ﺓ ﻭ ﻨﺗ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﺒﺛﺃ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ،ﻚﺷ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﲡ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ، ﺳﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻭ ،ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻠﻟ ﻙﺮﺤﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘ ﺣ ﻼﻌﻓ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺖﻘﻘﺣ ﺕﱪﺘﻋﺍ ﺚﻴ ﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺎ ﺮﺟﺎﺘﻳﻭ ﻢﻈﻨﺗﻭ ﻊﻤﲡ ﺔﻌﻠﺳ ﺕﺎﻣﻮ . ﻭ ﲏﺒﻣ ﻊﻤﺘ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑ ﻻ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻣ ، ﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺍ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻂﺑﺮﻳ ﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﲔﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﳉﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﺑ ﺢﻤﺴﻳﻭ ،ﺹﺎﳋﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﳍﻮﺻﻭ ﲑﺴﻴﺗ . ﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺕﺪﻤﻋ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺲﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻣ ﺓﺪﻴﺷﺭ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﱃﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﳛ ﻩﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﻮﻫ ﻧﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﻮﻜﺴﻴ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟ ﺐﻴﺘﻛ ﺭﺍﺪﺻﺇ ﻴﻨﻃﻭ ﺔ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ، ﻭ ﻍﻮﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺪ ﻞﺜﻣﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﻭ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌﺍ ، ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ . ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺮﺼﻋ ﰲ ﺶﻴﻌﻧ ﺎﻨﻧﺇ ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻡﻮﻳ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻠﻌﻧ ﻘﺗ ﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻨ ﺕ ﻭ ، ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﺟﺎﺣ ﻥﺇ ، ﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻮﻤﻨﺗ ﻊ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺗﺎﻌﻤﺘﳎ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ، ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﻭ ،ﺭﺎﻫﺩﺯﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﻧ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﳓ ﺎﻨﻠﻛ ﻭ ،ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺭﺩﺎ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﳓ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻟ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺼﻧ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ -ﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﺩﺮﳎ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺓﺩﺮﺍ ﻖ -، ﱘﻮﻘﺗ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﻭ ،ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻌﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺎﺎﻌﻴﺘﺳﺍ ﺹﺎﳋﺍ . ﻢﻈﻧ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ، ﺪﻘﻓ ،ﱄﻵﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﳊﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻨﻟ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻮﳕ ﻮﻫ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺞﻴﺴﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺃﺰﺠﺘﻳ ﻻ ﺃﺰﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ، ﻭ ﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺍﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺎ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻋﺪﺗ ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠ ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻋﺪﺗﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗﻭ ﻖﻠﺧ ﰲ ﺎﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ، ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻖﻘﲢ
ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﺓﺍﺩﺄﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ، ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﳌﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻄ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺓﺪﻳﺍﺰﺘﳌﺍ ، ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ . ﻥﺇ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ ﺡﺎﳒ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﻋ ﻢﻬﻔﺗ ﻰﻠ ،ﺎﻬﻴﲰﺍﺭﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻌﻧﺎﺻ ﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟ ﺎ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻛ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟ ،ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﺓﺮﻄﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﺬﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ ﻞﻛﺎﻴﻫ ، ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺷﺮﺗ . ﻭ ﻲﻜﻟ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﻌﻧﺎﺻ ﺝﺎﺘﳛ ﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻢﻬﻔﺋﺎﻇﻭ ﺍﻭﺩﺆﻳ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﻳﻮﲢﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﲨ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔ ﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺮﺸﻧ ﺕﺎ ، ﻴﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ ﱃﺇ ﻙﺮﺘﺗ ﺔ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﱃﻮﺘﺗ ﻭ ، ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﰲ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺙﺪﺣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺪﺣﺄﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻓ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﻳﻮﲢ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ، ﻭ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻧﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ، ﺖﲢ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ ﻮﻫ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ . ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﳒ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻜﺗﺮﻳ ﺔﻣﺎﻌ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻷﺍ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﺼﺑ ﲔﻤﺘﻬﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺳﺎﺳ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻞﺟﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﺟ ، ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﺻﻭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ، ﻭ ﺭﻮﻠﺑ ﺍ ﺓ ﻭ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍﻭ ﻂﻄﳋ ﰲ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﲣﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺍ . ﻭ ﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻀﺧ ﰲ ﺔ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺪﻛﺄﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺪﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ، ﻥﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﱃﺇ ﺝﻮﻟﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺖﻋﺮﺸﻓ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻦﻣ ، ﺪﻌﺑ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺪﻛﺄﺗ ﻥﺃ
ﻭ ﻲﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺖﻛﺭﺩﺃ ﺪﻘﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﱯﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺮﻣﺬﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻪﺗﺪﻬﺷ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ، ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺓﺰﻴﻛﺭ ﺔﻠﺜﳑ ،ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﲟ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻ ﻭ ﻭ ﰲﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻌﳌﺍ ﺊﻴ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻼﻜﺸﻣﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺎﺑ ،ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﺎﻛﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡ ﺎﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ، ﺚﻴﺣ ﻊﺿﻮﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻭ ﻂﻄﺧ ﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺎ ﻭ ،ﻞﺜﻣﻷﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﺪﻘﻟ ﻭ ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﲔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻜﲤﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ، ﻭ ﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻠﻟ ﻢﻬﲰﺭ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﺳﺎﻴ ﺓﻭﺮﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻷ ،ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﻫﻮﳉﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺮﺜﻟﺍ ﻲﻗﺎﺒﻛ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ، ﰲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﳍ ﺢﺒﺻﺃﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻝ ﻤﺘﳎ ﱃﺇ ﻊ ﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺎﳍﻼﻐﺘﺳﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ، ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﺘﲤ ﺎﻣ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ . ﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﻷ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻛﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠ ، ﻭ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﱴﺷ ﰲ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﱪﻋ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻖﺣ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﺏﻮﺟﻭ ﱃﺇ ﺓﻮﻋﺩ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻖﻠﺧ ،ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﺣﺎﻨﻣ ﲑﻓﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﳊﺍ ﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻬ ﲑﻓﻮﺗ ﺍﺪﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻊﻨﳌ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺀ ﻭ ،ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻮﻤﳎ ﻖﻠﺧ ﱃﺇ ﻲﻌﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻩﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺮﺛﺃ ﺪﻘﻟ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺺﲣ ، ﻭ ﻪﻟﺬﺒﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﻬﳉﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟ ،ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻭ ﻂﻄﺧ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻞﳊ ، ﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻓﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳ ، ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﻬﺘﻨﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ .
ﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﱪﻣ ﻉ : ﻊﺒﻨﺗ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺃ ﲏﺘﻠﻌﺟ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ ، ﻭ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻩﲑﻏ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻠﻀﻓﺃ ، ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺗﻵﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻄﻨﳌﺍ : * ﻭ ﺔﳌﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻬﻈﺑ ﺖﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ،ﺮﳊ ﺑ ﺎﺘﻟﺎ ﺐﺟ ﻭ ﱄ ﻭ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺎﺑ ﺀﺎﻘﺗﺭﻻﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﺨﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻂﻄﳋﺍ ، ﳝ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﳊﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺮﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻜ ﺒﺻﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺑ ﱃﺇ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻳ ﻻ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﺖﺤ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﲔﺑﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺩﺭﺃ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ . * ﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﺼﺼﲣ ﻢﻜﲝ ﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﱃﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺖﻳﺄﺗﺭﺍ ،ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻗ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ، ﻭ ﻩﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﺖﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺚﲝ ﺩﺮﳎ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻭ ،ﺎﳍﺎﻔﻏﺇ ﰎ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺭ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ . * ﳜ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺮﺘﺘﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﱪﳌﺍ ﺺ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﺎﻨﺘﺒﺘﻜﻣ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﻌﻧﺍ ﰲ ﺰﻛ ﺎﻨﺘﻴﻠﻛ ﰲ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺛﺍﺪﺣ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺍﺭ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻛ . * ﻭ ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﲟ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺲﻜﻌﻳ ﰐﺍﺫ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﱄ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﳌﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ، ﺎﻨﻟﻮﺧﺩ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺎﺒﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺬﺨﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻳﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﻦ ، ﺲﺳﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻠﻋ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻢﺳﺮﺗ ﺎﻬﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻰ ﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﺼﺗ ﻭ ﺽﻮﻤﻐﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻮﺸﻳ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟ ﻭ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻟﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺒﻀﻟﺍ ﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺮﳚ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺴﺗ ﻻﻭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺣ ﺕﺍﺪﺠﺘﺴﻣ . ﻭ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺪﳒ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ
ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﺑ ، ﺪﳒ ﲔﺣ ﰲ ،ﻥﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺤﺟﺎﻧ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺬﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ، ﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺎﺷﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﻼﻘﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﺃ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺑ ﺕ ﻦﻃﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻻﺎﻐﺸﻧﺍ . ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ : ﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺮﺼﺣ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻉﻮﺿﻮ : 1 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺇ ﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌ ﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﻣ ،ﺔﻴ ﻭ ﺎﻗﺮﻃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ،ﺓﺭﻮﻄﺘﻣ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍ ، ﻟﺍ ﺺﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟ ﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﲔﺑﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺓﻮﺠﻔ ﻭ ،ﺔﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﺼﻘﻧ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﻌﺗ ﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟﺎ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍ ، ﻭ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،ﻝﻮﻠﳊﺍ ﺡﺍﺮﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟ ﲑﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﲰ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ﰲ ﺶﻴﻌﻧ ﻦﳓ ﺃ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﲟ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﻦﻋ ﱪﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﺣﺎﺗﺇ ﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﲰﺍﺮﻟ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﱵ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ . 2 -ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ ﲔﺒﺗ ﺎﺃ ﰲ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺣﺎﳒﻭ ﺘﻫﻻﺎﺑ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻧﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻤ ﺟﺎﺘ ﻭ ،ﻡﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺮﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻻﻭﺍﺪﺗﻭ ﺎ ﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺯﱪﺗ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺔ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺓﺪﻴﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ .
ﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕ ﻠﻟ ﻱﺭﻮﶈﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤ ﺔﺤﺟﺎﻧ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ . 4 -ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﰲ ﻦﻤﻜﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪ-ﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻗ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﻷﺍ ﻊﺿﻭﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘ ﻭ ،ﺎﳍ ﺔﻄﺧ ﺘﻴﳘﺃ ﺪﻤﺘﺴﻳ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻪ ﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ،ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﳎ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺎ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻛﺭﺩﺃ ، ﻭ ﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﲟ ﻒﺻﻮﺗ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺕ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ﺀﻲﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﺩ ﻥﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺪﻳ ، ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗ ﰲ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻩﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﺣ . ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ : ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﲟ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺪ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ، ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻔﺋﺎﻇﻭ ﺐﻠﺻ ﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭ ﳌﺍ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻤﻈﻧﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺎ ﻊﻠﻄﻀﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻬ ﻭ ﻊﻨﺻ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺗ ﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﺟﻮ ﺃ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻒﺸﻛ ﺎﻀﻳ ﻊﻨﺻ ﰲ ﻦﻳﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺕ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﺺﲣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻡﺎﻬﺳﺇ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻮﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ، ﰲ ﺳﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻋﺪﺗ ﺲ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﺻ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ . ﻭ ﻣ ﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻦ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺕ ﺎﻬﻠﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﱪﻋ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﰲ . ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻭ ﺔﻄﺧ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﱃﺇ ، ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﻭ ﺔﺤﺟﺎﻧ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻊﻨﺻﻭ ﻢﺳﺭ ﺔﻘﻘﳏ ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﻄﺴﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻸﻟ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍ ، ﺎﻬﳎﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ، ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻫ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻢﻈﻨﺗ . ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ : ﺮﻣﺃ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﲰ ﻦﻣ ﺔﲰ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﰲ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ،ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﻊﻴﲨ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻞﻌﺟ ﺎﳑ ،ﻢﻜﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻧﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺩﺎﻳﺩﺯﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻫ ﺍ ﺮﺼﻌﻟ ، ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻛﻼﺘﻣﺍﻭ ﺎﳍﻭﺍﺪﺘﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻬﺟﺍﺰﺘﻣﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﳘﺃ ﺖﻔﻋﺎﻀﺗ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺎﺜﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺩﺍﺯ ﱵﻟﺍ ، ﻭ ﺎﳍﺩﺎﺒﺗ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺟ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺒﺷ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ . ﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻓﺪﺗﻭ ﺎﺎﻴﺴﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺿﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﳌﻹﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﻦﺳ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ،ﺎﻬﻘﻓﺪﺗ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺷ ﺔﻄﺧ ﻊﺿﻮﺑ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﳍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ، ﻭ ﺩﺍﺪﻣﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﲟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﺻ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ، ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻞﻜﺷ ﰲ ﺎﺭﻮﻠﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻫﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ . ﻭ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻖﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ : ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ﻊﻨﺻ ﰲ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﺎﺼﲟ ﺕﺎﻣﻮ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ؟ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺡﺮﻃﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺩﻮﺑ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﲢ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﰐﻵﺍ ﻮﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟﺫ : * ؟ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺲﺳﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ
* ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻞﻫ ؟ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﻫ ﻢﻛ * ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ ؟ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ : ﻭ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻄﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﺑ ﺖﻤﻗ ﺪﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﺎﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻭ ،ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻦ ﰐﻵﺎﻛ ﺕﺀﺎﺟ ﺪﻗ : * ﻭ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻥﺇ ﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﻭ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺬﺨﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻖﻘﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﰲﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻄﳌﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻗﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺪﺼﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮ . ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ : ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ : * ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻭ ﺔﻄﺧ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻥﺇ ، ﳌﺍ ﻖﻓﺪﺗ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻮﻫ ﻮﻠﻌ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﺻ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻣ ﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻴﻟ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﺗ ﺔﻳﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻮﻧﻮﻜ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻖﻘﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺮﺗ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺓﻮﺟﺮﳌﺍ . * ﰲ ﰲﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻥﺇ ﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﳒ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ،ﺔﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﺸﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻠﻘﻳ . * ﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔ ﺎﻜﻨﺑ ﺮﻓﻮﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﺺﻘﻧ ﺦﻓ ﰲ ﻉﻮﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺗ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ،ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﺻ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺩﻮﻌﻳ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠ .
ﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺎﻨﻣﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻉﻮ ﰐﻵﺎﻛ : * ﻲﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ : ﰲ ﻦﻤﻜﻳ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ﺔﻴﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ ، ﰐﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻨ ﻞﻛ ﺎ ﺕﺮﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻣ . * ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ : ﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﰲ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺎﻧﺪﻴﻔﻳﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻊﻴﲨ ﰲ ﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺎﻬﺒﻌﻠﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺭ ﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟ ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﲑﻏ ، ﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﳊﺎﺼﳌ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺎﻬﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗ . * ﻲﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ : ﳌﺍ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﻳ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﻷﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﰲ ﻲﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﺞﻬﻨ ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ،ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﻷﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﺍ ﺲﻠﺍ ﺎﻬﻣﺪﻗ ﲏﻃﻮﻟ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ، ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ . * ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ : ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﳒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻄﺑﺭ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌ ﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﺄﺗﺭﺍ ﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺐﻌﻠﺗ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺸﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻛ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﰲ ﺍ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ . -ﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺍﺮﺘﻗﻻﺍ : ﰐﻵﺎﻛ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻡﺪﲣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﰎ ﺪﻘﻟ : * ﻢﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ : ﻲﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺩﺍﻭﺭ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺩ ،ﻥﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻴﻓ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻊﺿﻮﺑ ﻡﺎﻗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ، ،ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﱪﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﺧﺪﳌﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻤﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ – ﺔﺿﺭﺎﻌﻣ ،ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ،ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺃ ،ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ،ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣ -ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﻓ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺼﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺩﻮﻌﺗ ﰒ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺮﳐ ﻞﻜﺷ ﰲ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺎﻛ ﺩﻮﻌﺗ ﰒ ،ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺪﺼﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﺜﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻜﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﱪﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﺗ ﺍﺬﻜﻫﻭ . * ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ : ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺔ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﺻﻭ ﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻞﻣﺎ ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻭ ،ﲔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﳍﺎﺼﻳﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﲢﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻳﺰﲣﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻘﻧ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺒﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻝﺩﺎ ﻭ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﺻ ﻨﻬﻓ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ . * ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﺻ ﺏﺍﺮﺘﻗﺍ : ﺍﺮﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺎﻧﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ ﺏ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﻭ ﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺭﺪﺼ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ، ﺍﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻳﺪﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻻﺇ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﻧﺎﺻ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻄﳌﺍ ﻞﺋ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ
ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻜﺑﺎﺸﺘﳌﺍ ، ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﺄﺷ . ﺔﻄﳋﺍ ﺮﻳﱪﺗ : ﻤﻜﻳ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﻷ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻦ ﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺔ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﳘﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ، ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻂﻄﳋﺍ ﺡﺎﳒ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺍﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﺄﻛ ﲢ ﻝﻭﺎﲢ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻤﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻠﻄﺗ ﻖﻴﻘ ﻴﻘﲢ ﺍ ﻖ ﻊﻴﲨ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟ ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﳌﺍ . ﻭ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻺﻟﻭ ﻲﻔﻧ ﻭﺃ ﻕﺪﺻ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻛ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻄﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ، ﰐﻵﺎﻛ ﻝﻮﺼﻓ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺖﻳﺄﺗﺭﺍ : ﰲ ﺖﻗﺮﻄﺗ ﺪﻘﻟ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻣﺎﻋ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔ ﻦﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﺑ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺖﻗﺮﻄﺗ ﰒ ،ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ، ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺻﻼﺨﻛ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻋ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻫﺬﳌﺍ ﻻﺎﳎﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻧ ﺕ ﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﲔﺑﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺖﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﰲﻭ ،ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﲣﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌ ، ﻭ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﻒﻴﻛ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺎﺷﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ . ﺖﻗﺮﻄﺗ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺺﳜ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻭ ﺎﳍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻲﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ، ﻭ ،ﺎﺎﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺽﺮﻐﻟ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰒ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻖﻳﺮﻔﺘﻠﻟ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺎﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺔ ﺎﻣﺍﺰﻟ ﻥﺎﻛ ﰒ ﻦﻣ
ﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺮﺘﻘﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﲣ ، ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌ ﺍﺬﻫ . ﺎﻣﺃ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻂﺑﺮﻟ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰐ ﺖﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﺪﻗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﲔﺑﺃ ﻥﺃ ، ﻭ ﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﳘﺃﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻰ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺍﻮﺘﳏﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺎﳍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻃ ، ﻭ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﺗ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺣﻼﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﺧﺃ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ ﻯ ﺴﻟﺍ ﲔﻄﺑﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺼﻨﻌﻛ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴ . ﺎﻣﺃ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻦﻣ ، ﻞﻛﺎﻴﳍﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐﻭ ،ﻪﻟ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﳛ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻕﺮﻃﻭ ﻴﺣﻼﺼﻟﺍ ،ﺎ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻨﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﰲ ﰒ ﺎ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﺳﺭ ﰲ ﺲﻠﺍ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ ﲔﺒﻧ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻘﺒﻄﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻐﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺽﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻳﻮﲢ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﺧﻷﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲ ﻉﻮﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﺎﻬﺘﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﺒﺳﻭ ﺎﳍﻮﺣ ﺕﺎﺣﺍﺮﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗﻭ ، .
لوا ا
:
ار ي ا را
.
لوا ا
:
تﻡ !ا"او ﺡ$%ﺹ'ا (ﻥا * ا
.
+ﻥ, ا ا
:
تﻡ ا +- أ تیﻥو 0یر 1
.
-14-ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺣﻼﻄﺻﻻﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ . ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺓﺎﻄﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﻷﺍ ﻯﺪﻣ ﰲ ﻚﺷ ﱏﺩﺃ ﺮﺿﺎﳊﺍ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺪﻌﻳ ﱂ ، ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻦﻣ ﲔﻴﻨﻌﳌﺍ ﺫﺎـﲣﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻨﺼﺑ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ،ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻊﻴﲨ ﰲ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﳌ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺓﲑﻐﺻ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ،ﻯﱪﻛ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﺃﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻮﺟﻭﻭ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟ . ﻻ ﻪﻧﻷ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺎﻨﳌﺎﻋ ﰲ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻝﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺪﺋﺎﻗ ﻱﻷ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ، ﺔﻌﻗﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻜﺑﺎﺸﺘﳌﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺘﳌﺎﺑ ﺞﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ، ﺎﻣ ،ﺎﺤﺟﺎﻧ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺬﺨﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻦﻜﻳ ﱂ ﺘﺗ ،ﺓﺪﻛﺆﻣ ﺎـﻧﺰﺘﻣﻭ ﺎـﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﻮـﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻠﻟﻭ ﻪﻟ ﺢﻴ ﻻﻮﺒﻘﻣﻭ . ﺪﻛﺆﻳ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﱂﺎﻋ ﻞﻜﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻒﻳﺯﻮﺟ ﻋ ﻰﻠ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﺩﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺢﺟﺎـﻧ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ،ﻢﻴﻠﺳﻭ ﻭﺇ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺟﺭ ﻥ ﻟ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺼﻳ ﻲﻜ ﺝﻭﺍﺰﻳ ﲔﺑ ﻪﻤﻴﻗ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﺑﻭ ﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺬﳍﻭ ﻭ ،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻪﻠﺻﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﻧ ﻥ ﻞﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﳘ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻞـﺟﺭﻭ ﺔـﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻝﺎﺍ ﺢﻴﺘﺗ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ،ﺐﺴﺤﻓ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭﻭ ﻢﻴﻠﺳ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺢﻴﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺻ ﻩﲑﻏ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﺎﻬﻜﻠﺘﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻞﻤﳎ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﻧﺎ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﺻ ﻦﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ . ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﺗ ﻻ ﺇ ﻞﺑ ،ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺏﺮﳊﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﰲ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ، ﻞﻜﺸـﺑﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺰﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﻥ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ،ﺏﺮﳊﺍ ﻦﻣﺯ ﰲ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﻞﻜﻴﻫ ﲔﻨﺴﺣ ﺪﻤﳏ -": ﻱﺃ ﺢﺒﺼـﻳ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺣ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺔﻳﺃ ﺣﻮﺘﻔﻣ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺏﺮﺣ ﺼﺧ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺔ ﻤ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﺘﻛﺮﻌﻣ ﻒﺼﻧ ﺪﻘﻔﻳ ﻑﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻪ ﺻﺎﺻﺭ ﻕﻼﻃﺇ ﺔ ﺎﻴﻧ ﻥﻷ ،ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻪﺗ ﺀﺪـﺑ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﲡﺍﻭ ،ﻪﺗﻮﻗ ﻢﺠﺣﻭ ﻪﻄﻄﺧﻭ ﻦﻳﺯﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺐﻠﻘﻨﺗ ﰒ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ." 1 1 -ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻡﻮﻳ ﻊﻗﻮﳌﺍ ﺢﻔﺼﺗ ﰎ ،ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ : 26 ﻞﻳﺮﻓﺃ 2009 . > ARCHIVE / news / net . aljazeera . www :// http <
ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻧ ﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺎﻬﻴﻨﻌ ﻢـﻏﺭ ،ﻂـﻘﻓ ﻱﺮﻜﺴﻌ ﺎﺭﻮﻄﺧﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﳘﺃ ﺎﳕﺇ ﻭ ، ﰲ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﱃﺇ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻯﺪﻌﺘﺗ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻻ ،ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻚﻠﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ . ﻥﺇ ﻠﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﻴﻌﺳ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ،ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺃﻭ ﻕﺮﻃ ﱃﺇ ﺄﺠ ﻲﻋﺮﺷ ﻠﺳﻭ ﻤ ﻑﺮﺘﻌﻣﻭ ﻝﻮﺒﻘﻣﻭ ﻲ ﻪﺑ ﺔـﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮـﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻑﺍﺮـﻋﻷﺍ ﻩﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻟ ﺍﺮﻈﻧ ،ﻲﻋﺮﺷ ﲑﻏ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﻋﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺃﻭ ﺔ ،ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻪﻧﺃ ﲏﻌﻳ ﻊﻴﻤﳉ ﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻲﻫ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺈﻓ ﻥ ﺔـﻳﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺃ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻯﺮﺧﻷ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﱪﺗ ﺭ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ ، ﻄﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﻳ ﲔﺣ ﰲ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺿﺮﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﰲ ﺔـﺣﺎﺘﳌﺍ ﻕﺮ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ . 1 / ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ : ﻷﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺳ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ ﻲﻫ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺳﺎ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻝﺩﺎﺒﺗﻭ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺗ ، ﺎﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺕﻻﺎﺍ ﱴﺷ ﰲ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﺮﺋﺍﺩ ﻉﺎﺴﺗﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻻ ،ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻠﻟ ﰐﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺪﳌﺎﺑ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ، ﺭﻮـﻬﻇﻭ ﺎـﻬﻈﻔﺣ ،ﺎﻬـﺘﳉﺎﻌﻣ ،ﺎـﻬﻌﻴﻤﲡ ﻕﺮـﻃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻹﺍ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺟﺮﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺫﺎـﲣﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻐﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ،ﲔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺮﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ . 1 -1 / ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ : ﺇ ﺎـﻬﺠﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻢـﻏﺭ ﺔﺳﻮﻤﻠﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺎﺃ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺪﺣﻮﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺮﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺧ ﻥﺎﻴﻌﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﳓ ﻲﺣﻼﻄﺻﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﻭ ، ﺎ ﻭ ،ﻱﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻻﻭﺃ ﻝ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﺘﺸﻣ ﻲﻬﻓ ) ﻢـﻠﻋ (
،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ،ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﺼﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻧﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻤﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻧﺎﻌﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﺗﻭ ﺎﺍﺩﺮﻔﻣ ﺀﺍﺮﺜﺑ ﻢﺴﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺔـﻃﺎﺣﻹﺍ ،ﺔـﻳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ،ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﱂﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺓﺮﻬﺸﻟﺍ ،ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ،ﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍ ،ﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍ ،ﲔﻘﻴﻟﺍ ،ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ . 1 ﺎـﻤﻛ ﻲـﻫ ﻥﺫﺇ ﻝﻮـﻘﻳ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ﺖﻤﺸﺣ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺪﺗ ﺔﻳﺮﺛ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﳌﺍ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﻚﻠﻓ ﻪﻔﺋﺎﻇﻭﻭ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ . 2 ﻆﻔﻟ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻘﻟﻭ " ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ " Information ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻋﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﲡ ﺽﺍﺮﻏﺃ ﺔﻣﺪﳋﻭ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺀﺎﻴﺷﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﻻﺪﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲ ، ﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻆﻔﻠﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻪﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍﻭ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌ ﻜﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺑ ﺰـﻛﺍﺮﻣﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺘ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ . ﻭ ـﻠﺗ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺳﻮﻣﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﲔﺋﺩﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﺴﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻞﻀﻓﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﰲ ﺕﺀﺎـﺟ ﱵـﻟﺍ ﻚ ﻭ،ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﻣﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﺴﻳ " ﺪﺠﻨﳌﺍ " ﻆﻔﻠﻟ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ " ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ " :" ﻦﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻪﻓﺮﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺙﺩﺎﺣ " . 3 ﻡﺪﻘﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ " ﺱﻭﺭﻻ :" ﺍ ﻢﺠﻌﳌﺍ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﰊﺮﻌﻟ ": ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﻷﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ، ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺇ ﱃ ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺡﺎﻀﻳﺇﻭ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻒﺸﻛ " . 4 ﲑﺸﻳﻭ ﱰﻜﻣ ﱐﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺙﻼﺜﻟﺍ : -ﺔﻠﺻﻮﳌﺍ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ . -ﺘﺴﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺨ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﻞﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟ ﻡﺪ . ﻦﻣ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻞﺟ . 5 ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﰲ ﲎﻐﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺇ "ﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌ " ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﰲ ﲔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﺩﺪﻌﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻩﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﻯﺩﺃ ، ﻩﺬـﻫ ﻞـﺜﻤﺘﺗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻂﻠﺧ ﺙﺪﳛ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﲟ ﻪﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﱃﺇ ﺍﺬﻫ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ " FACTS " ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ، " DATA " ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ، " KNOWLEDGE " ﻢـﻬﻔﻟﺍ ، " UNDERSTANDING " ، ﺔﻤﻜﳊﺍ " WISDOM " ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﲔﺑ ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑ ﻻ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ، . 1 ،ﻲﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻞﺒﳎ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﺴﺣ ﻲﻛﺯ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻁ . 1 ) . ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ : ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﻕﺍﺭﻮﻟﺍ 2002 ( ﺹ ، . 22 . 2 ،ﺖﻤﺸﺣ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻁ . 2 ) . ﺮﺼﻣ : ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻠﻟ ﺐﻳﺮﻏ ﺭﺍﺩ 1995 ( ﺹ ، . 20 . 3 -ﻁ ،ﻱﺪﲜﻷﺍ ﺪﺠﻨﳌﺍ . 1 ) . ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ،ﻕﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ 1967 ( ﺹ ، . 979 . 4 ،ﺮﳉﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﺱﻭﺭﻻ : ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﻌﳌﺍ ، ) ﺲﻳﺭﺎﺑ : ،ﺱﻭﺭﻻ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ 1973 ( ﺹ ، . 1134 . 5 ،ﻱﺩﺎﳍﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﺤﺘﻓ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ) ﺮﺼﻣ : ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻠﻟ ﺐﻳﺮﻏ ﺭﺍﺩ 1983 ( ﺹ ، . 12 .
ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ " FACTS " : ﺎﺄﺑ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ " ،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺭﺪﻘﺑ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﳌﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻓﺪﺻ ﲔﺒﺗ ﺀﻲﺷ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻞﻛﻭ ﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻜﺸ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻄﻌﳌﺎﺑ " . 1 ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ " DATA :" ﻭ ﺎﻫﲑﺴـﻔﺗ ﻥﺎﺴـﻧﻺﻟ ﻦﻜﳝ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋﻭ ﻞﲨﻭ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺃﻭ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻛ ﺔﻠﺠﺴﻣ ﻡﺎﺧ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﻲﻫ ،ﺔـﳉﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﺰـﻴﻬﲡ ﺕﺎـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻯﺮﳚﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺃ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﲑﻐﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﲢ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟ . 2 ﺪﻗﻭ ﲔﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺷ ﻭ ﻥﺎﴰﺎﻛ Chelly. Cachman ﰐﻵﺎﻛ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻣ " ﰲ ﺕﺎـﻤﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺉﺩﺎـﺒﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣ ﻞﺜﲤ ﻲـﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻗﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺯﺎﺘﲤﻭ ،ﺕﻻﻵﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻼﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﲰﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻖﺳﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺖﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺎﺑ . 3 ﺎﻨﻫ ﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﻤﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲـﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤ ﻊﻀﲣ ﻒﻴﻨﺼـﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺭﻮﺤﻤﺘﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻛ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌ ﻭ ﲔﻴﻨﻌﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﳍﻼﻐﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﺤﻘﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﳚ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ . ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ " KNOWLEDGE " : ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻌﻳ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ – ﺮﻜﻳﺭﺩ -DRUCKER " ﻲﻫ ﺓﺭﺩﺎـﻗ ﺔﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻱﺃ ،ﺎﳍ ﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ،ﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﻋﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻻﺇ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻻ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺀﻲﺷ ﺩﺎﳚﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﺪﳏ " . 4 ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻱﺃ ﻪﻟ ﻮﻜﺗ ﻻ ﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻧ ﻢـﻬﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸـﳌﺍ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺍﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻂﺸﻨﻟﺍ ، ﻦﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﳌﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﳌ ﻢﻬﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﲟ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ . 1 -ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ،ﻲﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻞﺒﳎ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﺴﺣ ﻲﻛﺯ . 30 . 2 ،ﻞﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﺪﻤﳏ ﲎﻣ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻧﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﻁ . 1 ) . ﺔﻳﺭﺪﻨﻜﺳﻹﺍ : 1998 ( ﺹ ، . 97 . 3 ،ﺰﻧﻮﺒﻳﺩ ﱐﻮﺘﻧﺃ ،ﰲﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇﻭ ﺐﻳﺮﻌﺗ : ﻱﺩﺎﳍﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﺤﺘﻓ ﺪﻤﳏ ) ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ،ﺀﺎﺒﻗ ﺭﺍﺩ 1998 ( ﺹ ، . 26 . 4 ،ﻲﺴﻴﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺡﻼﺻ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻱﻭﺎﻴﶈﺍ ﺩﺎﻧﺯ ﺪﻌﺳ ﺔﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ، ) ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﺸﻨﻣ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻤ 2005 ( ﺹ ، . 09 .
ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﺠﺣ ﲑﻨﻣ ﺏ -" ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻴﻐﺗ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻ ،ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻠﻟ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎـﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﲣﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺮﻜﻓ ﻭ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﲑ ، ﻭ ﻲـﻫ ﻂﻴـﺳﻭ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻛﻻ ﻻ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﺣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻛ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺝﺍﺰﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺎـﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﲔـﺑ ﺓﱪـﳋﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗﻭ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﺃﻭ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺼﻨﻟ ﺎﻨﻟﻮﻘﻋ ﻪﻧﺰﺘﲣ ﺎﻣﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺭﺪﳌﺍﻭ " . 1 ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺒﻳ ﺪﺗ ﺔـﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﰲﻭ ،ﲔﻓﺩﺍﺮﻤﻛ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻳ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﳚ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﲔﺑ ﻞﺧﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﺣﺃ ﺭﻮﺼﻳﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻼﺜﻣ " ﻴﺑ ﻞ " ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ": ﻕﺮﻌﻧ ﺎﻨﻧﺃ ﱴﺣ ﺎﻨﻧﺍﺫﺁ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﰲ ، ﻈﺘﻧ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻋﻮﺟ ﺭﻮ " . 2 ﺬﻫﻭ ﻦـﻣ ﺪـﺑ ﻻ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﲑﺼﺗ ﱴﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺍ ﺎﻌﻴﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓ ﺎ ، ﻥﻮـﻜﺘﻟ ﺕﺎـﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﺑ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺰﻜﺗﺮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﳋﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻢﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﰲﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﰲ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﳍ ﺢﺒﺼﻳﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ﺎﳍﻼﻐﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻭ ،ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗﻭ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ . ﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻜﳝﻭ ﺎ " ،ﺎﻬﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﺎﻌﻔﻧ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻞﻜﺷ ﰲ ﺢﺒﺼﺘﻟ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﰎ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺫﺎﲣﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻗﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﱄﺎﳊﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻛﺭﺪﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺎﻣﺇ ﺎﳍ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ " . 3 ﻑﺪـ ،ﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺖﻌﻀﺧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﻓ ﻖﺒﺳ ﺎﳌ ﺎﺟﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺨﺘـﺳﺍ ﺝﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﻊﻣ ﺮﻫﺍﻮﻈﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍﻭ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻂﺑﺮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﺷﺆﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ . ﰲ ﺀﺎﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌ ﻲﻋﻮﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﻢﺠﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺗﻵﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ : 4 1 ،ﺏﺎﺠﺣ ﲑﻨﻣ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﺞﻣ ، . 6 ) . ﺮﺼﻣ : ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺮﺠﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ 2003 ( ﺹ ، . 2272 . 2 -ﺹ -ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ،ﺖﻤﺸﺣ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ . 29 -30 . 3 ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ،ﻱﺩﺎﳍﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﺤﺘﻓ ﺪﻤﳏ 15 . 4 ،ﷲﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺪﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺪﲪﺃ ﻲﻣﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌ ﻲﻋﻮﺳﻮﳌﺍ ) ﺽﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ : ،ﺦﻳﺮﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ 1998 ( ﺹ ، . 569 .
1 ﻱﺃ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮـﻘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎـﲣﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻏﻷ ﺩﺪﳏ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻ ﻭﺃ ،ﲔﻌﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺎﻬﺘﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﺖﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﳍﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻱﺄﺑ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﻤﲡ ﰲ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻫﲑﺴﻔﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﲢ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺎﳍ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﺸﻧﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﺠﺴﺗﻭ ، ﺔﻴﲰﺭ ﲑﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﲰﺭ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﰲ . 2 -ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻠﻟ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺃ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﻫﻮﳉﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻘﳌﺍ . 3 -ﺎﳍﻭﺎﻨﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﻤﺠﺘﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﺼﺘﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ . 4 -ﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍﻭ ﻖﺋﺎﺛﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﺅﺎﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﰎ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻣﻭ ﺓﺰﻬﳎ ﺕﺎﻧﺎ ، ﻦـﻣ ﺎﻨﻴﻟﺇ ﰐﺄﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺑﻭ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﳌﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻧ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻨﺑ ﻂﻴﳛ ﺎﳌ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻭ ،ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺬﺧﺄ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺭﺩﺎﺼـﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﲑﻏ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ، ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻫ ﰲﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﻐﺗ ﻭﺃ ﻝﺪﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻛﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﳌﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺐﺴﺘﻜﺗ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ . 1 ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺎﻓ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻄﻌﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻂﺳﻭ ﺔﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﻀﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﻄﻌﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ " ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻊﻤﺘﲡ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻗﺮﻔﺘﻣ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎـﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺢﺒﺼـﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ﺎﻌﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗﻭ ﻖ ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻠﻓ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﺗ ﻊﻤﺘﺍﻭ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﰲ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻪﺘﻴﻨﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺣ ﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻝﺎﳊﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﻪﻛﻮﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﺋﺍﺩﺃ ﰲ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﱪﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺒﺴﺘﻛﺍ ﺎﻣﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ " . 2 ﻦﻣ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻳﻭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻞﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺮﻳ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﻊﻤﺘﲡ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻞﻘﻋ ﰲ ﻢﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺼـﻳﻭ ،ﺮﻤﺜﻣ ﺩﺎﲢﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻠﳊ ﺔﻣﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊ ﰐﻵﺍ ﻮﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ : 3 1 ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ،ﻱﺩﺎﳍﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﺤﺘﻓ ﺪﻤﳏ 13 . 2 ،ﺖﻤﺸﺣ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ) ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ : ،ﺐﻳﺮﻏ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ 1990 ( ﺹ ، . 17 . 3 -ﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ،ﻲﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﺴﺣ ﻲﻛﺯ ﺹ ،ﻖﺑ 24 .
ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳﻭ BROOKES ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻠﻄﻣ ﺬﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﺑ ﲔﻤﺘﻬﳌﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ ، ﲔﺑﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺔ ﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﺣ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﱃ ﺰـﻴﳝﻭ ،ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺪﻴﺻﺭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﲔﺑ : 1 ﺕﺎـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊـﻴﲨ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺮـﻳﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺑﻭ ﻲﳊﺍ ﻦﺋﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻢﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺔ ﺲﻤﻠﻟﺍ ﺱﺍﻮﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺼﺘﻘﺗ ﻻ ﻤﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﺬﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺬﻐﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﻣﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ،ﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻊ . ﺕﺎـﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﻴﺛﺍﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺙﺪﺤﺘﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ) Genetic code ( ﻭ ،ﺮﺧﺁ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻴﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻩﺬـﻫﻭ ﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻣ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﻠ . ﺎﻣﺃ -ﺪﻧﻼﻛﺎﺑ -BUCKLAND ﺮﻈﻨﻴﻓ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﺎﳍ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ : 2 ﺃ -ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﻌﻓ ﺎﺃ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ . ﺏ -ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻛﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﰎ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﻻﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ . ﺝ -ﺎﻬﻠﻴﺜﲤ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻱﺃ ،ﺀﻲﺸﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻣ . ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﺎﺄﺷ ﻥﻮﻜﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺍ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ ﻥﻮﺜﺣﺎﺑ ﻯﺮﻳﻭ ﻥﺄـﺷ ﺓﺩﺎـﳌﺍ ﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍﻭ ﻘ ﺕﺎﻨﺋﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻮﺼ ﺍ ﻱﺃ ﻯﻮﺘﳏ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻴﳊ ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺽﺮـﻌﻳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ 1 -ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ،ﻲﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻞﺒﳎ ،ﻱﺩﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﺴﺣ ﻲﻛﺯ . 25 . 2 -ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ،ﺖﻤﺸﺣ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ . 22 .
ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ . ﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻊﻓﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﻮﻗﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻥﺈـﻓ ،ﺔـﻴﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ . 1 ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﻳ ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ، ﱵﻟﺍ ﻫﺮﺛﺃ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﲔﻘﻴﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻛ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﰲ ﺎ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍﻭ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﺪﻗﻭ ﲔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺎﺑ ﻰﻈﲢ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﲔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻦﻣ ، ﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻢﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻢﻏﺭ ﻄﻨﻣﻭ ﻢﺍﺭ ﻠ ﻢﺎﻘ ﻝﺎﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ . ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻨﺜﻳﺪﺣ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻧ ﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﱃﺇ ﲑﺸ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﺑ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟ INFORMATION ، ﻠﻛ ﺮﺼﳊﺍ ﻻ ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻛﺬﻧﻭ ﺔﻤ ENLIGHTENMENT ﺎﻀﻳﺃﻭ ،ﺮﻳﻮﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﲟ KNOWLEDGE ﺔﻳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﲎﻌﲟ ، ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ PUBLICITY ﺓﺮﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻉﻮﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﲟ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻭ ، ﺔﻤﻠﻛ COMMUNICATION ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﲎﻌﲟ ﻧﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻝﺩﺎﺒﺗﻭ ﺀﺎﻛﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻝﻼـﺧ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺎﳍﺎﻘﺘ ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ﱐﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﲟ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻏﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺮﻔﻣ ﺀﺍﺮﺛ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺮﻬﻈﻳ ﱐﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺽﺮﻋ . 2 ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ﺎﻬﻛﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ ﺎﳍ ﺎﻨﻤﻬﻔﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻧ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ، ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﻐﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﺑﻭ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟﻭ ،ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺼﻧ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﰲﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺪﻴﺻﺮﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﺗ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ، ﻢﻬﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑ ﻻ ﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺳﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻑﺩﺍﺮﺗ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﺪﳒ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻐﻓ ، ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ، ﲏـﻌﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﻖﺋﺎﺛﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻫ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻥﺃ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺎ ﻌﺗ ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﺑ ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﲏ ": ﻥﺩﻭﺎـﺑ ﺪﻴﻓﺍﺩ " ﺕﺎـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺃ ﰲ ﰐﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ . ﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴـﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺎ 1 -ﻲﻜﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ،ﻱﺩﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﺴﺣ ﻲﻛﺯ : ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ . 26 . 2
yecxiao, zhang, "definition and sciencr of information processing and management", 1998, pp.
ﺍﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺎﻛ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻴﻧﺪﻟﺍ ﺎ ﻣﺃ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺎ ﺔـﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ـﺍﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻢﺘـﺗ ﻼـﻓ ﺎ ﻻﺇ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺎﺑ . ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺎﳍﺎﻜﺷﺃ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻗﺭ ﻢﺋﻼﺗ ﲎﻌﻣ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻟ ﻡﻮﺳﺭ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻔﺻﻭ ، ﻳﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﺍ ﻦ ،ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺽﺍﺮﻏﻷ ﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗﻭ ﺎﻄﳕ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻠﻟ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻢﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﲟ ﻋﻷﺍﻭ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺎﺇ ﺎﻴﲰﺭ ﺎﳍﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻭﺃ ﺎﳍﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ،ﻞﻘﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺪﺑﻹﺍ ﻝﺎﻤ ) ﻖﺋﺎﺛﻭ ( ﲑﻏ ﻭﺃ ﻲﲰﺭ ) ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻔﺷ ( ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺓﺪﺋﺎﻓ ﻻ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﺔﻠﻄﻌﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﱂ ﻥﺇﻭ . 1 1 -2 / ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ : ﻻ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ـﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﻭﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺮﻤﻋ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻳ ﺩﺎﻜﻳ ،ﺎ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﲔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻣ ﻒﻠﳋﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺮﺗ ﻩﺭﻭﺬﺟ ، ﻦـﻣ ﻱﺮـﳚ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﻣﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺎﻧﺮﻈﻧ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻈﺣ ﻱﺮـﻜﻓ ﻝﺎـﺠﻤﻛ ﻥﻵﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺘﻋﻻﺎﺑ ﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻧﺬﺧﺃ ﺍﺫﺇ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﺔﺑﺍﺮﻏ ﻻﻭ ،ﻪﺗﺭﺎﻀﺣﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﺪﻗ ﱘﺪﻗ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺵﻮﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻧﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻤﺴﳌﺍ ﺡﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﻮﺷﻵﺍ ﻚﻠﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﲨ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﻄﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺒﻴﻧﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺷﺍ ﻱﻮﻨﻴﻧ ﰲ ﺩﻼﻴﳌﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﰲ . 2 ﺪـﻘﻓ ،ﻱﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺮﳊﺍ ﺔﻳﺎ ﺬﻨﻣ ﻖﻓﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺡﻮﻠﺗ ﺕﺃﺪﺑ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﻦﻜﻟ ﺍ ﰲ ﺪﻘﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻆﺣﻼﻧ ﺎﻧﺃﺪﺑ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎ ﰒ ،ﺎـﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺴﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺃ ﰲ ﺮﺸﻨﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻤﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﻴ . ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻢﻫﺃﻭ ﻝﻭﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻨﺛﺪﲢ ﺍﺫﺇ ، ﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻮﻬﻓ ﻬ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻰ ﻥﺍﺮﲤﺆﻣ ﺎﻴﺟﺭﻮﺟ ﺪﻬﻌﳌ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺎﺑ ) ﺮﺑﻮﺘﻛﺃ 1961 ﻞﻳﺮﻓﺃﻭ 1962 ( ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﲔﻠﻣﺎـﻌﻠﻟ ﲏـﻬﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﻫﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﺑ ، ﻭ ﻝﻮﻘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ": ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻛﻮﻠﺳﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺹﺍﻮﺧ ﺱﺭﺪﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ،ﺎﻬﻘﻓﺪﺗ ﻢﻜﲢ 1 -ﻡﻮﻳ ﻊﻗﻮﳌﺍ ﺢﻔﺼﺗ ﰎ ،ﺔﻴﳘﻷﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻟﺍ ،ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ،ﲔﺴﺣ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﺪﻟﺎﺧ : 26 ﻞﻳﺮﻓﺃ 2009 . http://www.aradojitm.org.eg/articledetails.asp?ARID: 5. > < 2 ،ﺭﺪﺑ ﺪﲪﺃ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ) ﺍ ﺖﻳﻮﻜﻟ : ،ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ 1979 ( ﺹ ، . 21 .
