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Thermographic investigation of heat source in transversely isotropic composites

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This is an author-deposited version published in:

http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/

Eprints ID: 20090

To cite this version:

Vales, Benjamin and Munoz Cuartas, Victor Alfonso and Welemane,

Hélène and Pastor, Marie-Laetitia and Trajin, Baptiste and Perrin,

Marianne and Cantarel, Arthur and Karama, Moussa Thermographic

investigation of heat source in transversely isotropic composites. In:

International Conference on Structural Analysis of Advanced Materials

(ICSAAM 2017), 19 September 2017 - 22 September 2017 (Bucarest,

Romania).

Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (OATAO)

OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and

makes it freely available over the web where possible.

Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository

administrator: staff-oatao@listes-diff.inp-toulouse.fr

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