Available wood in small forest patches and its links with plant diversity and ecosystem services

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To cite this version:

Deconchat, Marc and Corcher, Corinne and Vialatte, Aude Available wood in

small forest patches and its links with plant diversity and ecosystem services.

(2017) In: IUFRO 8.01.02 Landscape Ecology Conference 2017 ; Halle

(Allemagne) - (2017-09-24 - 2017-09-29) / Conférence, 24 September 2017 -

29 September 2017 (Halle, Germany).

Available wood in small forest

patches and its links with plant

diversity and ecosystem services

Marc Deconchat, Corinne Corcher, Aude Vialatte

Marc.deconchat@inra.fr

IUFRO-Landscape ecology

Halle – 25-28/09/2017

Small forest patches: a lack of knowledge despite

their importance in European rural landscapes

Proportion of « islets » (Guidos) in 25km squares

(

High

-

Low

)

A critical role for many ecosystem services

Decocq, G., Andrieu, E., Brunet, J., Chabrerie, O., De Frenne, P., De Smedt, P., Deconchat, M., Diekmann, M., Ehrmann, S., Giffard, B., Mifsud, E.G.,

Hansen, K., Hermy, M., Kolb, A., Lenoir, J., Liira, J., Moldan, F., Prokofieva, I., Rosenqvist, L., Varela, E., Valdés, A., Verheyen, K., Wulf, M., 2016. Ecosystem

Services from Small Forest Patches in Agricultural Landscapes. Current Forestry Reports 2, 30-44.

Trees

Understorey

Vegetation

Regeneration

Biomass

Ecosystem

services

Users

Beneficiaries

Climat

History

Sylvicu

ltu

re

Spatiale

configuration

Local conditions

TRAIT

S

FO

N

C

TI

O

N

S

Sylv

icu

ltu

ral

Se

rv

ice

s

An

im

als

What are the links between wood and ecosystem

services related to plant diversity/abundance?

Hypotheses

1.

Small forests are poor forests: low amount of wood and low diversity

2.

Forests with higher wood amounts have lower plant cover and diversity

3.

The variability of wood and/or plant abundance are linked to landscape

characteristics

Aim

Identify factors to improve wood products and ecosystem services

from small forests

Part of a larger project studying a range of ecosystem services in crops and

forests in rural landscapes and how to map them thanks to remote sensing

data.

Methods

<5ha

400m² random plots

(n=111)

Wood/trees

_{Understorey plant species cover}

Current and

ancient forest

cover

Oak dominated forests:

85% of big trees

Available wood

ba fr e q u e n cy 10 20 30 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Mean national value

Basal area (m²/ha)

abtot_arbre fr e q u e n cy 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20

Number of trees /400m²

abtot_bo fr e q u e n cy 0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 20

Number of trees>30cm/400m²

Mean=26

Mean=15 (375/ha)

_{Mean=7 (350/ha)}

Biomass (estimation) ==> ≈ 200-300 m

3

_{/ha ==> ≈ 1000-1500 m}

3

_{/forest patch}

Tree species distribution

• 14 tree species in total, 2.3 species/plot (min=1; max=7)

• Hornbeam, Cherry tree,

(Acer campestris and Sorbus torminalis)

define groups of

plots

d = 0.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4041424344 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 7 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 8586 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 9899 100101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

Ace_cam

Ace_pse

Car_bet

Cas_sat

Cor_ave

Cra_sp.

Fag_syl

Fra_exc

Pop_tre

Pru_avi

Que_sp.

Rob_pse

Sor_tor

Til_sp.

_{Ulm_min}

Heterogeneity of tree composition in small

forests

Basal area

Tree number

Big tree

number

Tree richness

Oak

abundance.

Forest area

-0,09

-0,07

-0,12

0,14

-0,22

Current forest

cover

-0,21

-0,18

-0,15

0,05

-0,22

Ancient forest

cover

-0,17

-0,18

-0,28

-0,07

-0,16

Plots linked to their forests

Small forests (<5ha) contain plots with very different

tree compositions (but dominated by oaks)

Large and unexplained variability of

vegetation cover (herbaceous layer)

10

20

30

40

50

0

.5

1

.0

1

.5

2

.0

ba

re

c_

h

e

rb

_

to

t

Basal area

Forest area Current

Ancient

forest cover

d = 0.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 5152 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6566 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 7980 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

Ace_cam_herbAce_pse_herbAce_pla_herb Ach_mil_herb Ade_com_herb Agr_cap_herbAgr_sto_herb Aju_rep_herb All_pet_herb All_sp._herb Ane_nem_herb Arc_nem_herbAru_ita_herb Aru_mac_herb Aru_sp._herb Bra_syl_herb Car_bet_herb Car_div_herb Car_fla_herb Car_pen_herb Car_pra_herb Car_sp._herb Car_syl_herb Car_umb_herb Cas_sat_herbCir_lut_herb Cle_vit_herb Cor_ave_herb Cor_san_herb Cra_lae_herb Cra_mon_herb Cre_sp._herb Cru_lae_herb Cyt_sco_herb Dac_glo_herb Dac_sp._herbDes_fle_herb Dry_aff_herbDry_fil_herb Eri_sco_herb Eri_vag_herb Euo_eur_herb Eup_dul_herb Fag_syl_herb Fes_het_herbFil_vul_herb Fra_ang_herb_{Fra_dod_herb} Fra_exc_herb Fra_sp._herb Fra_ves_herb Gal_apa_herb Gal_mol_herb Ger_nod_herbGeu_urb_herbGer_rob_herb Gle_hed_herb Hed_hel_herb Hel_vir_herb Hol_lan_herb_{Hol_mol_herb} Hyp_and_herb Hyp_hum_herbHyp_pul_herb Ile_aqu_herb Jun_con_herbLac_sp._herbJun_com_herb

Lat_cla_herb Lat_lin_herb Lat_mon_herb Lat_nig_herb Lat_pra_herb Lat_syl_herb Lau_nob_herb Lig_vul_herb Lon_per_herb Lon_xyl_herb Luz_cam_herb Luz_for_herbLuz_pil_herb Mal_syl_herb Mel_uni_herb

Mer_sp._herb_{Mes_ger_herb}Orc_ant_herbOrc_pur_herbMil_eff_herbMol_cae_herb Peu_cer_herb Phy_sco_herbPhy_spi_herb Poa_tri_herb Pol_set_herb Pop_tre_herb Pot_ste_herb Pru_avi_herb Pru_lau_herbPru_off_herb Pru_sp._herbPru_vul_herb_{Pru_spi_herb} Pte_aqu_herbPyr_pyr_herbPyr_sp._herbPul_aff_herb

Que_sp._herb Ran_acr_herb Ran_aur_herb Ran_fic_herb Ran_nem_herbRan_rep_herbRob_pse_herb

Ros_arv_herb Ros_can_herb Ros_per_herb Ros_sp._herb Rub_per_herb Rub_sp._herb Rub_ulm_herb Rum_ace_herb Rus_acu_herb Sam_nig_herbSan_eur_herb Ser_tin_herb Sor_dom_herb_{Sor_tor_herb} Sta_off_herb sta_syl_herb Ste_hol_herb Suc_pra_herb Sym_tub_herbTar_sp._herbTar_rud_herbTeu_cha_herbTam_com_herb

Teu_sco_herb_{Ule_eur_herb} Ulm_min_herbUrt_ure_herb Val_off_herbVer_mon_herbVer_cha_herbVer_hed_herbVic_sep_herbVic_cra_herbVib_lan_herb Vio_sp._herbVio_syl_herbVit_vin_herb

Eigenvalues d = 0.2 117 128 173 398 399 428 520 540 568 587 674 747 813 833 842 890 901 982 1154 1552 1668 1684 1717 1753 1762 1817 1855 1899 1950 2011

Plant species composition: dominated by 2

species, very high variability in forests

Butcher's-broom

d = 0.01

Ace_cam_herbAce_pse_herb_{Ace_pla_herb} Ach_mil_herb

Ade_com_herbArc_nem_herbAgr_cap_herbAgr_sto_herbAju_rep_herbAru_mac_herbAll_sp._herbAru_sp._herbAll_pet_herbAru_ita_herbAne_nem_herb Bra_sy l_herbCar_bet_herb

Car_div _herb Car_f la_herb

Car_pen_herbCar_pra_herb Car_sp._herbCar_sy l_herb Car_umb_herbCas_sat_herbCir_lut_herbCle_v it_herb Cor_av e_herb Cor_san_herb

Cra_lae_herb Cra_mon_herb

Cre_sp._herbCru_lae_herb Cy t_sco_herbDac_sp._herbDes_f le_herbDac_glo_herbFes_het_herbDry _af f _herbEri_sco_herbEri_v ag_herbEuo_eur_herbFag_sy l_herbEup_dul_herbDry _f il_herbFil_v ul_herb Fra_ang_herb Fra_dod_herbFra_sp._herbFra_exc_herb Fra_v es_herb Gal_apa_herb Gal_mol_herbGer_nod_herb Ger_rob_herb Geu_urb_herb Gle_hed_herb Hed_hel_herb Hel_v ir_herbHol_lan_herbHol_mol_herb

Hy p_and_herb Hy p_hum_herbHy p_pul_herb Ile_aqu_herb Jun_com_herb

Jun_con_herbLac_sp._herbLat_cla_herbLat_lin_herb Lat_mon_herbLat_sy l_herbLau_nob_herbLat_pra_herbLat_nig_herb Lig_v ul_herb

Lon_per_herb Lon_xy l_herbLuz_cam_herbLuz_f or_herbMal_sy l_herbLuz_pil_herb

Mel_uni_herb Mer_sp._herb

Mes_ger_herbMil_ef f _herb Mol_cae_herbOrc_ant_herbOrc_pur_herb Peu_cer_herb Phy _sco_herbPhy _spi_herbPoa_tri_herbPol_set_herbPop_tre_herbPot_ste_herb Pru_av i_herb Pru_lau_herb Pru_of f _herb Pru_sp._herb Pru_spi_herb Pru_v ul_herb Pte_aqu_herbPul_af f _herb Py r_py r_herb Py r_sp._herb Que_sp._herbRan_acr_herbRan_aur_herb Ran_f ic_herb Ran_nem_herb Ran_rep_herb Rob_pse_herb Ros_arv _herbRos_can_herbRos_sp._herbRos_per_herb Rub_per_herb Rub_sp._herb Rub_ulm_herb Rum_ace_herb Rus_acu_herb Sam_nig_herb San_eur_herb Ser_tin_herb Sor_dom_herb Sor_tor_herb

Sta_of f _herbsta_sy l_herbSte_hol_herb Suc_pra_herbSy m_tub_herb Tam_com_herb Tar_rud_herb_{Tar_sp._herb} Teu_cha_herb Teu_sco_herb Ule_eur_herb

Ulm_min_herbVib_lan_herbVic_sep_herbVer_hed_herbVer_mon_herbVic_cra_herbUrt_ure_herbVal_of f _herbVer_cha_herbVio_sp._herb Vio_sy l_herb Vit_v in_herb Ace_cam Ace_pse Car_bet Cas_sat Cor_ave Cra_sp. Fag_syl Fra_exc Pop_tre Pru_avi Que_sp. Rob_pse Sor_tor Til_sp. Ulm_min Eigenvalues Histogram of sim sim F re q u e n cy 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0 500 1000 1500

Tree/plant composition

Co-inertia analysis of tree and plant composition

Plant composition is

significantly linked to

tree composition

No links with forest area, current and

ancient forest cover

Discussion: Unexpected results!

• High volumes of wood available, with broad variability

• Over mature coppice with standards

• High densities but on small areas

• Tree&wood quality / exploitability /demand on wood market?

• Oak dominated, but differences in tree compositions

• Several oak species, several tree species: adaptation to climate change?

• Diversity -> higher resistance to herbivores (Guyot et al., 2016)

• Large variability of tree composition into small forests (<5ha)

• Fine grain factors of species distribution

• Could it be the consequence of past management where different types of

woods where needed?

• Plant cover not related to basal area!

• Availability of light, nutrient and water seem to be not limited by higher wood

volumes

• In our case, plant related ecosystem services seem to be compatible with high

level of wood production

• Ecosystem services to be analysed through plant life traits

• Plant composition dominated by 2 species

• Ruscus and Hedera can become very dominant

• Ruscus: reduces accessibility to forest; Hedera: source of food for pollinators

in automne

• Significant link between tree and plant composition

• No links with forest covers

Conclusion

• Very small forests (<5ha) can provide large amounts of

wood without impairing plant diversity and related

ecosystem services.

• Very small forests have a high level of tree and plant

diversity at a fine spatial grain

Better understanding of factors controlling these

diversities are needed for a better management of

these forests.