L‟insuline intranasale : Une voie prometteuse ?

D‟une manière intéressante, il a été récemment établi que l‟administration de l‟insuline par voie intranasale est une technique non invasive qui entraine l‟augmentation des niveaux d‟insuline spécifiquement dans le SNC, sans affecter les niveaux de glucose et d‟insuline au niveau périphérique. En effet, plusieurs études cliniques ont montré que l‟insuline intranasale entraine une amélioration de la mémoire et des déficits cognitifs chez les individus MCI ou des patients atteins de la MA (Hallschmid et al, 2007; Reger et al, 2006; Reger et al, 2008a; Reger et al, 2008b). D‟une manière intéressante, cet effet semble être corrélé à une amélioration des biomarqueurs associés à la MA (niveaux d‟Aβ42 et ratio Tau/Aβ 42) (Reger et al, 2008b).

Ces résultats, aussi prometteurs qu‟ils soient, ouvrent la porte vers des études plus mécanistiques sur le rôle joué par l‟insuline dans la neuropathologie de la MA.

4 Conclusion générale

En somme, cette thèse de doctorat a permis une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans la corrélation entre la dysfonction de l‟insuline et la phosphorylation de Tau in vivo. Du succès dans la démonstration que le paradigme du diabète pourrait mener à la potentialisation de la pathologie Tau dans le cerveau pourrait suggérer que les modèles de souris utilisés sont des outils simples et physiologiquement pertinents pour étudier le rôle du diabète dans la MA. Ces modèles de souris pourraient aussi être utiles pour tester l‟effet de molécules antidiabétiques sur la neuropathologie de la MA. À la lumière de l‟augmentation de l‟incidence du diabète dans la jeune génération qui prédit une incidence plus élevée de démence sénile dans les années futures, notre étude peut apporter de l‟information inestimable pour le traitement et la prévention de la MA sporadique.

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