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oommon budget to a greater or lesser extent; they may be related or unrelated persons, or a combination of both.

138. Households usually occupy the whale, part of, or more than one housing unit but they may also be found living in camps, in boarding houses or hotels, or as administrative personnel in institutions, or they may be homeless. Households oonsisting of extended families which make oommon provision for food, or of potentially separate households with a common head, resulting from polygamous unions, may oooupy more than one housing unit.

(b) Persons not living in households

139. Speoial provisions must be made for the enumeration of persons who are not members of households. These inolude persons in military installations, in correctional and penal institutions, in the dormitories of schoole and universities, in hospitals, in religious institutions.and so forth.

140. Persons living in hotels or boarding houses do not belong to this category but should be distinguished as members of one- or multi-person households, on the basis of the arrangements which they make for provid-ing themselves with the essentials for livprovid-ing. Personnel of institutions, not liVing in dormitories or similar accommodation, should be treated in

the same way.

Topic 13. Number of conjugal family nuolei

141. For the purposes of the housing census, consideration shOUld be given to identifying married couples or parents and their never married ohildren in the same household, i.e., the conjugal family nuoleus. A conjugal family nucleus consists of the following combinations: (a) a married couple without children; (b) a married couple with one or more never-married children; (0) one parent (either father or mother) with

one or more never-married ohildren. Couples living in coneensua), unions should be regarded as married couples.

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142.

Accordingly, a household whioh oonsists of a man and wife, their two never-married children and a married daughter and her husband would be oonsidered to be composed of two family nuclei.

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143.

It is obvious that the above definition, although it takes into consideration the most likely family compositions, does not take acoount of other relatives who may compoae families of a different structurs, suoh as unmarried brothers or sisters living together without their parents, or an aunt living with an unmarried niece. It also excludes a related person living with a family nucleus as defined above, as, for example, a widowed parent living with her married son and his family. It does not, therefore, provide information on all families.

144.

Where the concept of conjugal family nucleus is introduced, it should be clearly distinguished from "household" both with rsspect to definition and terminology. Confusion has arisen because the term

"family" or "census family" has in many cases been applied to household.

145.

Nor should the concap

b

of family nucleus be confused with the broader definition of family given in paragraph 69 of the African Recommendations for the 1970 POIlulation Censuses.

146. Family nuclei are usually identified at the processing stage from information on name and relationship of household members to the house-hold head, which are normally available from the population census.lI·

Where the data are not available from the censue of popUlation or where the oensus of housing is oarried out independently of the census 'of population, it may be sufficient, for purposes of estimating housing needs, simply to identify and record the number of married couples

within each houaehoId , •

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Sse Afrioan Recommendations for the 1970 PopUlation Censuses, paragraph

57,

for a suggested order of listing household members according to oonjugal family nuclei.

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Topic 14. Number of occupants

147. If the housing census is conducted in clcse relation with a population census of the minimum type recommended in the Afrioan Recommendations for the 1970 Population Censuses, each person will be

enumera ted as an ocoupant of the housing unit or other living q,uarters where he was found on the day of the census. If, however,· thepopula-tion census is conducted on the basis of usual residence, each person will be enumerated in the housing unit or other living q,uarte:l:s where.

he usually resides, usual residence, for the purpose of the census, ~ay

be conveniently decided on the criterion of having remained or intending to remain, six months or, more in the particular Place •

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148. As noted in paragraph 56 above, it is necessary also to take acoount of persons who were homeless at the time of the census.

149. Homeless persons are defined as those persons who, at the time of the census, are without a shelter that can be considered living quarters.

They may be distinguished from persons oooupying premises not intended for habitation by the fact that the latter have managed to establish

themselves in a place whioh provides them with shelter on a more or less continuous basis, whereas the homeless carry their few possessions with them, sleeping in the street, in doorways, on piers, or in any other

apaoe ..

150. Beoause of the difficulties of enumeration involved, speoial arrangements may need to be made to enumerate homeless persons. Where their number warrants, additional information would need to be sought which would indicate the reason for homelessness and the measures that might be mOst effeotive in alleviating this aepeot of the housing problem •

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~., paragraph 25.

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