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CN.141CAs.51
CPH/10 Page 53serving in the armed £o:I\ces., In compilations of· the data, a separate category of "members of the. armed forces" may be' maintained, SO that the category can be deduc~edfromthe total ·lab~ur force whenever desirable. The civilian labour force'comprises both persons employed and those unemployed during the 'time-referenoe periOd •
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In the tabula-tions, these two groups should, be. distinguished in accordance with the following criteria:(a) Elnployed
165. The employed comprise all persons, including family workers, who worked during the time-reference period adopted for da-ta on economic
c~racteristics (paragraph 163) or who· had a job in which they had already worked but from which they were temporarily absent beoause of illness or injury" industrial dispute,yaoation or other leave of absence, absence without leave, or temporary disorganization of work
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due to such reasons as bad weather or mechanical breakdown.~
(b) Unemployed
166. The'unemployed consist of :all persons who, during' the reference period, were not .working but who were seeking work fer payor profit, inclUding those who never worked before. Alf!o inoluded are persone who,
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during the reference period, Were not seeking work either because of temporary illnees, beoause they made arrangements to start a new jcb subsequent to the reference period, or because they were 'on temporary or indefinite lay-off without pa,y.Y Where emp:loyment opportunities are very limited, the une~ployed should also mclude persons who were not working and were available for work, but were not actively seeking it because they believed that no .j'Obs were open. The recorded data on the unemployed should distinguish persons·who never worked before.
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See International Labour Office. The International Standardization of Labour Statistics, Geneva,'1:t59,
pp.44-45.
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Ibid~'Y
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CN .14/ CAS.51
CFE/IO~age 54.,
167. In classifying the population by tYPe of eeonomic activity, participation in an economic.aotivity should always take precedence over a non-eoonomi,o aotivity; henoe, employed and unemployed persons should not be included in the non-eoonOmioally active population, even though they may also be, for example, students or hom.e-illakers.
168. Not eoonomioaBY !lotive population OOlIlprisea the following
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:-functional categories:
(a) Home-makers; persons of either sex, not economioally aotive, who areangaged in household duties in their own ..hom,e; for
example, hou.eewives and'other relatives responsible f9l.,the care of the bome and ohildren. (Domestio serVants working for pay, however,are olassified as economioally aotive).
(b) Students: persons Of et'th'er sex, not eoonolil;.oally aoUve, who attend any regular eduoational institution, pUblio or private, for systematio instruotion at any level of education •
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(0) Income reoipients: persons of either sex, not economioally active, who receivs income from prcperty or'
other
investment, royalties, cr pensions from former aotivities.(d) PhysicallY disabled; persons of either sex, not economically actiVe, unable to work beoause of Bome physical oondition.
(e) Others: persons of either sex, not eoonomioally a'ctive, who are receiving public aid or pr~vate support, and all other persons not falling.in any of the above oategories, such as children not attending s~hoo~•.
169. Since.$ome individuals may be olsssifiaole in more than one oategory of' the non-eoonomicallyaotiV'e population. (e.g., a person may be a student and a home-maker at the same time), the enumeration instruotions should indioate the order' of preferenoe for ;l'ecording persons in one or another of the categories. Consideration might also be given to presentlnc the oategories on the census questionnaire in the preferred order beoause people tend to answer with the f'irst oategory whioh applies to them.
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eN.141CAs.51
CPB/IOPage 55
v. Occupation
170. Oocupation refers to the kind of work done during the time-reference period adopted for data on eoonomio charaoteristics (paragraph 163) by the person employed (or performed previously by the unemployed) irres-pective of the industry or the status (as employer, employee, eto.) in whioh the person should be classified. For purposes of international
oomparisons, i t is recommended that countries compile their data in accordance with the latest edition of the International Standard
Classifioation of Occupations (ISCO) issued by the International Labour Office. If this is not possible, provision should be made for the categories of the classification employed to be convertible to ISCO or at least to the cne-digit groups of this classifioation. I f national data are not classified in oonformity with 1500, an explanation of the di:ffE>renoes should be given.
171. I f it is thought that many persons in a oountry have more than
"ne oooupation, information on the secondary ocoupation may also be oolleoted,
vi. Industry
172. Industry refers to the activity of the establishment in whioh an eoonomioally aotive person worked during the time-referenoe period adopted for data on eoonomio charaoteristics (paragraph 163), or laet worked, if unemployed. For purposes of international comparability, it is recommended that oountries oompile their data in accordanoe· with the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC) most recently approved by the United Nations. I f this is not possible, prevision should oe made for the oategories of the olassification employed to be convertible to the ISIC or at least to the one-digit groups of this classification. If the national data are not classified in accordance with the